Sindromin Brugada

Sindrom Brugada (brew-GAH-dah) cuta ce ta zuciya da ba ta da yawa amma mai hatsarin rayuwa (arrhythmia) wanda wasu lokutan ake gada.

Mutane da ke da sindrom Brugada suna da haɗarin kamuwa da rashin daidaito na bugun zuciya wanda ke farawa a ɓangaren ƙasa na zuciya (ventricles).

Maganin sindrom Brugada ya haɗa da matakan kariya kamar rage zazzabi da guje wa magunguna waɗanda zasu iya haifar da arrhythmia. Wasu mutane da ke da sindrom Brugada suna buƙatar na'urar likita da ake kira implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).

Cututtukan Brugada sau da yawa ba sa haifar da wata alama da za a iya gani ba. Mutane da yawa da ke dauke da cututtukan Brugada basu san suna dauke da ita ba.

Alamomi da kuma matsalolin da za a iya danganta su da cututtukan Brugada sun hada da:

• Matsewar kai
• Suma
• Numfashi da wahala, musamman a dare
• Bugawar zuciya mara kyau ko kuma bugun zuciya mai sauri
• Bugawar zuciya mai sauri da kuma rikicewa
• Sawka

Alama babba ta cututtukan Brugada ita ce sakamako mara kyau akan electrocardiogram (ECG), gwajin da ke auna aikin lantarki na zuciya.

Alamun da kuma bayyanar cutar Brugada suna kama da na wasu matsaloli na bugun zuciya. Yana da muhimmanci ka ga likita don gano ko cutar Brugada ko wata matsala ta bugun zuciya ce ke haifar da alamun.

Idan ka suma kuma ka yi zaton wata matsala ce ta zuciya ce ke haifar da hakan, nemi kulawar gaggawa ta likita.

Idan mahaifi ko uwa, ko ɗan'uwa ko ɗiya naka an gano yana dauke da cutar Brugada, zaka iya tambayar likitankka idan ya kamata a yi maka gwaji don ganin ko kana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar Brugada.

Brugada syndrome cuta ce ta bugun zuciya. Kowane bugawa na zuciya yana farawa ne ta hanyar siginar lantarki da aka samar ta hanyar ƙwayoyin musamman a ɓangaren dama na sama na zuciya. Ƙananan ramuka, da ake kira hanyoyi, a kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna jagorantar wannan aikin lantarki, wanda ke sa zuciya ta buga.

A cikin Brugada syndrome, canji a cikin waɗannan hanyoyin yana sa zuciya ta buga da sauri, yana haifar da haɗarin bugun zuciya (ventricular fibrillation).

Sakamakon haka, zuciya ba ta tura jini mai isa ga sauran jiki ba. Bugun da ba shi da ƙa'ida wanda ya ɗauki ɗan lokaci kaɗan na iya haifar da suma. Mutuwa ta zuciya na iya faruwa idan bugun zuciya mara ƙa'ida bai tsaya ba.

Brugada syndrome na iya faruwa ne saboda:

• Matsalar tsarin a cikin zuciya, wanda zai iya zama da wuya a gano
• Rashin daidaito a cikin sinadarai masu taimakawa wajen aika siginar lantarki ta jiki (electrolytes)
• Amfani da wasu magunguna ko kuma cocaine

Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar Brugada sun hada da:

• Tarihin iyali na cutar Brugada. Wannan yanayin akai-akai yana yaduwa ta hanyar iyali (gado). Samun 'yan uwa da ke dauke da cutar Brugada yana kara yawan hadarin kamuwa da ita.
• Kasancewa namiji. Ana gano cutar Brugada akai-akai ga maza fiye da mata.
• Kabila. Cutar Brugada tana yaduwa sosai a tsakanin Asiya fiye da sauran kabilu.
• Zazzabi. Zazzabi ba shi ne ke haifar da cutar Brugada ba, amma yana iya tayar da zuciya da haifar da suma ko mutuwar zuciya ba zato ba tsammani ga mutanen da ke dauke da cutar Brugada, musamman yara.

Matsalolin Brugada syndrome suna buƙatar kulawar gaggawa ta likita. Matsalolin Brugada syndrome sun haɗa da:

• Tsaya zuciya ba zato ba tsammani. Idan ba a yi magani ba da sauri, wannan rashin aikin zuciya, numfashi da sani ba zato ba tsammani, wanda sau da yawa yakan faru yayin bacci, yana iya kashe mutum. Da sauri, daidaitaccen kulawar likita, samun rai yana yiwuwa.
• Suma. Da Brugada syndrome, suma suna buƙatar kulawar gaggawa ta likita.

Idan wani a iyalinka yana da Brugada syndrome, gwajin kwayoyin halitta za a iya yi don sanin ko kana da, ko kuma kana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wannan cuta.

Ciwon Brugada aƙalla ana gano shi ne a manya, kuma a wasu lokutan, a matasa. Ba a saba ganowa a kananan yara ba saboda alamun yawanci ba a lura da su ba.

Don gano ciwon Brugada, likita zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya saurari zuciya da stethoscope. Ana yin gwaje-gwaje don bincika bugun zuciya da gano ko tabbatar da ciwon Brugada.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) tare ko ba tare da magani ba. Electrocardiogram (ECG) gwaji ne mai sauri, wanda ba ya haifar da ciwo wanda ke rubuta siginar lantarki a cikin zuciya. A lokacin , ana saka na'urori masu auna (electrodes) a kirji kuma a wasu lokutan a gaɓoɓi. Gwajin na iya taimakawa wajen gano matsalolin bugun zuciya da tsarinta.

Idan bugun zuciya yana daidai a lokacin gwajin, matakin da ke gaba na iya zama sawa na'urar ɗaukar hoto ta ɗaukar hoto na tsawon rana ɗaya da dare. Wannan nau'in gwajin ana kiransa gwajin 24-hour Holter monitor.

Wasu mutane suna da alamun ciwon Brugada amma sakamakon electrocardiograms (ECGs) na farko da gwaje-gwajen 24-hour Holter suna cikin kewayon daidai. Waɗannan mutanen na iya samun ƙarin ECGs waɗanda suka haɗa da magunguna da aka baiwa ta hanyar IV wanda zai iya haifar da bugun zuciya mara daidai.

Gwajin lantarki (EP) da zane. Ana iya yin wannan gwajin, wanda kuma ake kira nazarin lantarki (EP), a wasu mutanen da ake zargin suna da ciwon Brugada.

A cikin wannan gwajin, likita yana saka bututu masu laushi, masu sassauƙa (catheters) waɗanda aka saka electrodes a ƙarshen su ta hanyar jijiyoyin jini zuwa wurare daban-daban a cikin zuciya. Da zarar an saka su, electrodes na iya nuna yadda siginar lantarki ke yaduwa ta zuciya.

• Electrocardiogram (ECG) tare ko ba tare da magani ba. Electrocardiogram (ECG) gwaji ne mai sauri, wanda ba ya haifar da ciwo wanda ke rubuta siginar lantarki a cikin zuciya. A lokacin , ana saka na'urori masu auna (electrodes) a kirji kuma a wasu lokutan a gaɓoɓi. Gwajin na iya taimakawa wajen gano matsalolin bugun zuciya da tsarinta.

  Idan bugun zuciya yana daidai a lokacin gwajin, matakin da ke gaba na iya zama sawa na'urar ɗaukar hoto ta ɗaukar hoto na tsawon rana ɗaya da dare. Wannan nau'in gwajin ana kiransa gwajin 24-hour Holter monitor.

  Wasu mutane suna da alamun ciwon Brugada amma sakamakon electrocardiograms (ECGs) na farko da gwaje-gwajen 24-hour Holter suna cikin kewayon daidai. Waɗannan mutanen na iya samun ƙarin ECGs waɗanda suka haɗa da magunguna da aka baiwa ta hanyar IV wanda zai iya haifar da bugun zuciya mara daidai.

• Echocardiogram. Echocardiogram yana amfani da muryoyin sauti don ƙirƙirar hotunan zuciya. Wannan gwajin ba zai iya gano ciwon Brugada da kansa ba, amma zai iya taimakawa wajen gano matsalolin tsarin zuciya.

• Gwajin lantarki (EP) da zane. Ana iya yin wannan gwajin, wanda kuma ake kira nazarin lantarki (EP), a wasu mutanen da ake zargin suna da ciwon Brugada.

  A cikin wannan gwajin, likita yana saka bututu masu laushi, masu sassauƙa (catheters) waɗanda aka saka electrodes a ƙarshen su ta hanyar jijiyoyin jini zuwa wurare daban-daban a cikin zuciya. Da zarar an saka su, electrodes na iya nuna yadda siginar lantarki ke yaduwa ta zuciya.

Maganin Brugada syndrome na iya haɗawa da magani, hanyoyin catheter ko tiyata don dasawa na'urar da ke sarrafa bugun zuciya. Maganin Brugada syndrome ya dogara da haɗarin samun bugun zuciya mara kyau (arrhythmia). Kasancewa cikin haɗari mai yawa yana nufin samun:

Idan kuna da Brugada syndrome amma babu alamun, ba za ku iya buƙatar magani na musamman ba saboda haɗarin samun bugun zuciya mara kyau yana iya zama ƙasa. Koyaya, mai ba da kulawar lafiya na iya ba da shawarar ɗaukar matakai don rage haɗarin bugun zuciya mara kyau.

Guji magunguna waɗanda zasu iya haifar da bugun zuciya mara kyau. Magunguna da yawa zasu iya ƙara haɗarin bugun zuciya mara kyau, gami da wasu magungunan zuciya da maganin matsalar tunani. Yawan shan barasa kuma na iya ƙara haɗarin.

Faɗa wa mai ba da kulawar lafiyar ku game da magungunan da kuke sha, gami da magunguna da kayan abinci masu ƙari da aka saya ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba.

Ana ba wasu mutane da ke fama da Brugada syndrome magunguna, kamar quinidine, don hana bugun zuciya mai haɗari. Ana iya ba da waɗannan magunguna kaɗai ko tare da na'urar likita - wanda ake kira implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) - wanda ke sarrafa bugun zuciya.

Mutane da ke fama da Brugada syndrome waɗanda suka samu matsala ta zuciya ko mummunan yanayin suma zasu iya buƙatar tiyata ko hanyar catheter.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Wannan ƙaramin na'urar da ke aiki da baturi ana saka shi a cikin kirji don ci gaba da bin diddigin bugun zuciya. Yana ba da wutar lantarki lokacin da ake buƙata don sarrafa bugun zuciya mara kyau. Sanya implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) yawanci yana buƙatar zama a asibiti na dare ɗaya.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) na iya ba da wutar lantarki lokacin da ba a buƙata ba, don haka yana da mahimmanci a tattauna fa'idodi da haɗarin waɗannan na'urori tare da mai ba da kulawar lafiya.

Idan kuna da Brugada syndrome, kuna buƙatar binciken lafiya na yau da kullun don tabbatar da cewa an sarrafa kuma an sarrafa matsalar bugun zuciya yadda ya kamata. Binciken lafiya na yau da kullun na iya taimaka wa mai ba da kulawar ku gano rikitarwa a farkon lokaci kuma ya ƙayyade ko canjin magani ya zama dole.

• Tarihin sirri na arrhythmias masu tsanani

• Matsalolin suma

• An tsira daga tsayawar zuciya ta ba zato ba tsammani

• Magance zazzabi sosai. Zazzabi sanannen abin haifar da bugun zuciya mara kyau ga mutanen da ke fama da Brugada syndrome. Yi amfani da magungunan rage zazzabi a farkon alamar zazzabi.

• Guji magunguna waɗanda zasu iya haifar da bugun zuciya mara kyau. Magunguna da yawa zasu iya ƙara haɗarin bugun zuciya mara kyau, gami da wasu magungunan zuciya da maganin matsalar tunani. Yawan shan barasa kuma na iya ƙara haɗarin.

  Faɗa wa mai ba da kulawar lafiyar ku game da magungunan da kuke sha, gami da magunguna da kayan abinci masu ƙari da aka saya ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba.

• Guji wasannin motsa jiki masu ƙarfi. Wannan na iya shafar mutanen da ke cikin haɗari mai yawa na bugun zuciya mara kyau. Tambayi mai ba da kulawar lafiyar ku idan ya kamata ku guji irin waɗannan ayyukan wasanni.

• Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Wannan ƙaramin na'urar da ke aiki da baturi ana saka shi a cikin kirji don ci gaba da bin diddigin bugun zuciya. Yana ba da wutar lantarki lokacin da ake buƙata don sarrafa bugun zuciya mara kyau. Sanya implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) yawanci yana buƙatar zama a asibiti na dare ɗaya.

  Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) na iya ba da wutar lantarki lokacin da ba a buƙata ba, don haka yana da mahimmanci a tattauna fa'idodi da haɗarin waɗannan na'urori tare da mai ba da kulawar lafiya.

• Catheter ablation. Idan ICD bai sarrafa alamun Brugada syndrome yadda ya kamata ba kuma lafiya, hanya da ake kira radiofrequency catheter ablation na iya zama zaɓi. Ana saka dogon bututu mai sassauƙa (catheter) ta hanyar jijiya kuma ana shigar da shi zuwa zuciya. Catheter ɗin yana ba da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai yawa wanda ke ƙonewa ko lalata ƙwayoyin zuciya da ke da alhakin bugun zuciya mara kyau.