Cardiomyopathy Mai Haɓaka

A cikin cutar zuciya mai ƙaruwa, bangon tsoka na zuciya wanda ake kira septum yakan yi kauri fiye da yadda ya kamata. Amma ƙaruwar kauri na iya faruwa a ko'ina a cikin ɓangaren hagu na ƙasan zuciya, wanda kuma ake kira ventricle na hagu.

Cututtukan zuciya mai ƙaruwa (HCM) cuta ce da tsokar zuciya ke ƙaruwa, wanda kuma ake kira hypertrophy. Tsokar zuciya mai kauri na iya sa zuciya ta yi wahala wajen fitar da jini.

Mutane da yawa da ke fama da cutar zuciya mai ƙaruwa ba sa sanin suna da ita. Wannan saboda suna da alamun cutar kaɗan, ko kuwa babu. Amma a ƙanƙanin adadin mutanen da ke da HCM, tsokar zuciya mai kauri na iya haifar da matsalolin da suka fi muni. Wadannan sun hada da gajiyawar numfashi da ciwon kirji. Wasu mutanen da ke da HCM suna da canje-canje a tsarin lantarki na zuciya. Wadannan canje-canjen na iya haifar da bugun zuciya mara kyau wanda ke haifar da mutuwa ko kuma mutuwa ba zato ba tsammani.

Alamun cardiomyopathy mai haɓaka na iya haɗawa da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan: Ciwon kirji, musamman yayin motsa jiki. Faɗuwa, musamman yayin ko bayan motsa jiki ko wasu ayyukan jiki. Ji na bugun zuciya mai sauri, rawa ko bugawa wanda ake kira palpitations. Gajiyawar numfashi, musamman yayin motsa jiki. Matsaloli da yawa na iya haifar da gajiyawar numfashi da bugun zuciya mai sauri da ƙarfi. Yana da muhimmanci a sami bincike nan da nan don gano dalili da kuma samun kulawa ta dace. Ka ga likitanka idan kana da tarihin iyali na HCM ko wata alama da ta shafi cardiomyopathy mai haɓaka. Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa ta yankinku idan kana da kowace daga cikin waɗannan alamun na fiye da mintuna kaɗan: Bugun zuciya mai sauri ko mara kyau. Matsalar numfashi. Ciwon kirji.

Matsaloli da dama na iya haifar da gajiyawar numfashi da bugun zuciya mai sauri da ƙarfi. Yana da muhimmanci a sami bincike da wuri don gano dalili da kuma samun kulawa ta dace. Ka ga likitanka idan kana da tarihin iyali na HCM ko wata alama da ta shafi ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa.

Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa ta yankinku idan kana da wasu daga cikin waɗannan alamomin na fiye da mintuna kaɗan:

• Buga zuciya mai sauri ko mara kyau.
• Wahalar numfashi.
• Ciwon kirji.

Ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa yawanci yana faruwa ne saboda canje-canje a cikin jinsunan da ke haifar da ƙaruwar tsoka a cikin zuciya.

Ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa yawanci yana shafar bangon da ke tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu na ƙasan zuciya. Wannan bangon ana kiransa septum. Ɓangarorin ana kiransu ventricles. Bangon da ya yi kauri na iya toshe kwararar jini daga zuciya. Wannan ana kiransa ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa mai toshewa.

Idan babu toshewar kwararar jini mai mahimmanci, yanayin ana kiransa ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa mara toshewa. Amma babban ɓangaren zuciya da ke tura jini, wanda ake kira ventricle na hagu, na iya yin tauri. Wannan yana sa zuciya ta kasa hutawa. Kaurin kuma yana rage yawan jinin da ventricle zai iya ɗauka da aika zuwa jiki a kowane bugun zuciya.

Kwayoyin tsokar zuciya kuma suna yin tsari daban-daban a cikin mutanen da ke da ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa. Wannan ana kiransa myofiber disarray. Zai iya haifar da bugun zuciya mara kyau a wasu mutane.

Ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa (Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) yawanci yana gudana a cikin iyalai. Wannan yana nufin an gada shi. Mutane da ke da ɗaya daga cikin iyaye masu ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa suna da kashi 50% na samun canjin gini wanda ke haifar da cutar.

Iyaye, yara, ko 'yan'uwa maza ko mata na wanda ke da ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa yakamata su tambayi ƙungiyar kula da lafiyarsu game da gwaje-gwajen bincike na cutar.

Matsalolin haɓakar zuciya mai kauri na iya haɗawa da:

• Tsarin zuciya mara kyau (AFib). Tsoka mai kauri na zuciya da canje-canje a tsarin ƙwayoyin zuciya na iya haifar da bugun zuciya mara kyau kuma sau da yawa mai sauri wanda ake kira AFib. AFib kuma yana ƙara haɗarin samun clots na jini, wanda zai iya tafiya zuwa kwakwalwa kuma ya haifar da bugun jini.
• Toshewar jini. A wurin mutane da yawa, tsoka mai kauri na zuciya yana toshe kwararar jini daga zuciya. Wannan na iya haifar da gajiyawa yayin motsa jiki, ciwon kirji, suma da suma.
• Cututtukan bawul ɗin mitral. Idan tsoka mai kauri na zuciya ta toshe kwararar jini daga zuciya, bawul ɗin da ke tsakanin ɗakunan zuciya na hagu bai kamata ya rufe da kyau ba. Wannan bawul ɗin ana kiransa bawul ɗin mitral. Idan bai rufe da kyau ba, jini na iya komawa baya zuwa ɗakin sama na hagu. Wannan yanayi ake kira mitral valve regurgitation. Yana iya sa alamomin haɓakar zuciya mai kauri su yi muni.
• Haɓakar zuciya mai faɗaɗewa. A cikin ƙaramin adadin mutane masu HCM, tsoka mai kauri na zuciya ta zama rauni kuma ba ta yi aiki da kyau ba. Yanayin yana da sauƙin fara a ɗakin ƙasa na hagu na zuciya. Ɗakin yana ƙaruwa. Zuciya tana bugawa da ƙarfi kaɗan.
• Gazawar zuciya. A hankali, tsoka mai kauri na zuciya na iya zama da wuya don cika zuciya da jini. Sakamakon haka, zuciya ba za ta iya fitar da jini mai isa don biyan buƙatun jiki ba.
• Suma, wanda kuma ake kira syncope. Bugun zuciya mara kyau ko toshewar kwararar jini na iya haifar da suma. Suma mara dalili na iya zama alaƙa da mutuwar zuciya ba zato ba tsammani, musamman idan ya faru kwanan nan kuma a wurin matasa.
• Mutuwar zuciya ba zato ba tsammani. Ba akai-akai ba, haɓakar zuciya mai kauri na iya haifar da mutuwar zuciya ba zato ba tsammani a wurin mutane masu shekaru daban-daban. Mutane da yawa masu haɓakar zuciya mai kauri ba sa san cewa suna da ita. Sakamakon haka, mutuwar zuciya ba zato ba tsammani na iya zama alamar farko ta yanayin. Yana iya faruwa ga matasa waɗanda ke da lafiya, ciki har da 'yan wasa na makarantar sakandare da sauran matasa, manya masu aiki.

Babu hanya da aka sani don hana ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa (HCM). Yana da mahimmanci a gano yanayin da gwaje-gwaje a matsayin farko don jagorantar magani da hana rikitarwa. Ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa yawanci ana wucewa a cikin iyalai. Idan kana da iyaye, ɗan'uwa, ko ɗiya da ke da ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa, ka tambayi ƙungiyar kiwon lafiyarka idan gwajin kwayoyin halitta ya dace da kai. Amma ba kowa da ke da HCM ke da canjin kwayoyin halitta da gwaje-gwaje zasu iya gano ba. Haka kuma, wasu kamfanonin inshora na iya ƙin rufe gwajin kwayoyin halitta. Idan ba a yi gwajin kwayoyin halitta ba, ko kuma sakamakon bai taimaka ba, ana iya yin gwaji tare da sake yin echocardiograms. Echocardiograms suna amfani da sauti don yin hotunan zuciya. Ga mutanen da ke da memba na iyali da ke da ciwon zuciya mai ƙaruwa:

• Ana ba da shawarar gwajin echocardiogram farawa daga kimanin shekaru 12.
• Gwajin tare da echocardiograms ya kamata ya ci gaba kowace shekara 1 zuwa 3 ta hanyar shekaru 18 zuwa 21.
• Bayan haka, ana iya yin gwajin kowane shekaru biyar ta hanyar girma. Zaka iya buƙatar yin echocardiogram sau da yawa bisa ga lafiyar ka ta gaba ɗaya da fifikon ƙungiyar kiwon lafiyarka.

Wani kwararren kiwon lafiya zai duba ka kuma saurari bugun zuciyarka da na'urar da ake kira stethoscope. Ana iya jin hayaniyar zuciya yayin sauraron zuciya.

Memba na ƙungiyar kiwon lafiyarka yawanci yana tambayar tambayoyi game da alamominka da tarihin lafiyarka da na danginka. Ana iya ba da shawarar gwajin kwayoyin halitta ko shawara idan kana da tarihin irin wannan cuta a danginka.

Ana yin gwaje-gwaje don bincika zuciya da neman dalilan duk wata alama.

• Echocardiogram. Sau da yawa ana amfani da echocardiogram don gano cutar hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ana amfani da muryoyin sauti don ƙirƙirar hotunan zuciyar da ke bugawa. Wannan gwajin yana nuna yadda ɗakunan zuciya da famfon jini ke aiki. Echocardiogram kuma zai iya ganin ko tsoka ta zuciya ta yi kauri fiye da yadda ya kamata.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG ko EKG). Wannan gwajin da sauri kuma ba shi da zafi yana auna aikin lantarki na zuciya. Ana sanya abubuwan manne da ake kira electrodes a kirji kuma a wasu lokuta a hannaye da ƙafafu. Wayoyi suna haɗa electrodes zuwa kwamfuta, wanda ke bugawa ko nuna sakamakon gwajin. ECG na iya nuna bugun zuciya mara kyau da alamun kauri na zuciya.
• Na'urar sa ido ta Holter. Wannan ƙaramin na'urar ECG mai ɗaukuwa tana rikodin aikin zuciya. Ana sawa na rana ɗaya ko biyu yayin da kake yin ayyukanku na yau da kullun.
• Cardiac MRI. Wannan gwajin yana amfani da ƙarfin maganadisu da raƙuman rediyo don ƙirƙirar hotunan zuciya. Yana ba da bayanai game da tsokar zuciya da yadda zuciya da famfon jini ke aiki. Sau da yawa ana yin wannan gwajin tare da echocardiogram.
• Gwajin damuwa. Gwajin damuwa sau da yawa yana buƙatar tafiya akan treadmill ko hawa babur mai tsayawa yayin da ake sa ido kan zuciya. Gwajin damuwar motsa jiki yana taimakawa wajen bayyana yadda zuciya ke amsawa ga motsa jiki.
• Cardiac CT scan. Ba a saba yin wannan gwajin ba don gano cutar hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Amma ana iya ba da shawara idan ba za a iya amfani da MRI ba. Cardiac CT scan yana amfani da X-rays don yin hotunan zuciya da kirji. Zai iya nuna girman zuciya.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Understanding the Condition and Treatment Options

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heart muscle condition where the heart muscle thickens. This thickening can make it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively. The goal of treatment is to ease symptoms and prevent sudden cardiac death, especially in those at high risk. Treatment approaches vary depending on the severity of symptoms.

Important Considerations:

• Pregnancy and HCM: If you have HCM and are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, discuss this with your doctor immediately. You may be referred to a specialist experienced in high-risk pregnancies, such as a perinatologist or maternal-fetal medicine specialist.

Medications:

Medications are often the first line of treatment. They can help regulate the heart's strength and speed to improve blood flow. Some common medications include:

• Beta-blockers: These slow the heart rate and reduce the heart's pumping strength. Examples include metoprolol, propranolol, and atenolol.
• Calcium channel blockers: These also help slow the heart rate. Examples include verapamil and diltiazem.
• Mavacamten (Camzyos): This medication specifically targets HCM by reducing strain on the heart muscle. It's often considered for adults with obstructive HCM who don't respond well to beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers.
• Heart rhythm medications: These medications are used to correct irregular heartbeats. Examples include amiodarone and disopyramide.
• Blood thinners: These are used to prevent blood clots, which can be a risk in certain types of HCM, particularly apical HCM. Examples include warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban.

Surgical and Other Procedures:

If medications don't effectively manage symptoms, surgical or other procedures may be necessary:

• Septal Myectomy: This is a type of open-heart surgery where the surgeon removes a portion of the thickened wall (septum) between the heart's lower chambers (ventricles). This procedure helps improve blood flow and reduce complications.
• Apical Myectomy: Another type of open-heart surgery, this focuses on removing thickened heart muscle near the heart's tip (apex) to improve heart function. Sometimes, the mitral valve (a heart valve) is also repaired during this procedure.
• Septal Ablation: This procedure uses alcohol to shrink the thickened heart muscle. A thin tube (catheter) is inserted into an artery supplying blood to the affected area to deliver the alcohol. This procedure does carry a risk of heart block (an issue with the heart's electrical signals) requiring a pacemaker.
• Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD): This device is implanted under the skin and constantly monitors the heart rhythm. If an irregular heartbeat is detected, it sends a shock to correct the rhythm, helping prevent sudden cardiac death.
• Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) Device: This device is sometimes used to help the heart's chambers work together more efficiently.
• Ventricular Assist Device (VAD): A device that helps blood flow through the heart, sometimes used in severe cases.
• Heart Transplant: This is the most extreme option, replacing a diseased heart with a healthy donor heart. It's typically considered only when other treatments fail.

Important Considerations for Treatment:

• Obstructive vs. Non-Obstructive HCM: Obstructive HCM is when the thickened heart muscle blocks blood flow. Treatment strategies may differ depending on whether the HCM is obstructive or non-obstructive.
• Surgical Expertise: Surgical procedures for HCM are best performed in specialized centers with experienced surgeons. These centers have more experience, and lower complication rates.
• Family Screening: Because HCM is often inherited, family members of affected individuals should be screened for the condition, either through genetic testing or echocardiograms. The frequency of screening depends on age and other factors.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of HCM can include shortness of breath, chest pain, and fainting (syncope). Sometimes, symptoms develop gradually, making it difficult to recognize the severity of the condition.

Disclaimer: This information is for general knowledge and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment options specific to your situation.

Haɗa kai da abokai da iyalanka ko ƙungiyar tallafi. Zaka iya samun cewa magana game da cutar zuciya mai ƙima tare da wasu a irin wannan yanayi na iya taimakawa. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa damuwa ta motsin rai. Samun ƙarin motsa jiki da yin tunani hanyoyin rage damuwa ne. Idan kuna da damuwa ko bacin rai, ku tattauna da ƙungiyar kula da lafiyar ku game da dabarun taimakawa.