Sanin Serotonin

Sindaromin serotonin cuta ce mai tsanani sakamakon shan magani. Magunguna masu tara yawan sinadarin serotonin a jiki ne ke haifar da ita.

Serotonin sinadari ne da jiki ke samarwa ta halitta. Ana bukatarsa domin aikin kwayoyin halitta da kwakwalwa. Amma yawan serotonin yana haifar da alamomi da kuma bayyanar cututtuka, daga matsakaitan (rawar jiki da gudawa) zuwa ga masu tsanani (tsattsauran tsoka, zazzabi da kuma fitsari). Sindaromin serotonin mai tsanani na iya haifar da mutuwa idan ba a yi magani ba.

Sindaromin serotonin na iya faruwa idan ka kara yawan kashi na wasu magunguna ko kuma ka fara shan sabon magani. Sau da yawa, haɗa magunguna masu ɗauke da serotonin ne ke haifar da ita, kamar maganin ciwon kai da kuma maganin matsalar tunani. Wasu magunguna na haramtacci da kuma ƙarin abinci masu alaƙa da sindaromin serotonin.

Nau'ikan sindaromin serotonin masu sauƙi na iya ɓacewa a cikin rana ɗaya ko biyu bayan dakatar da shan magunguna masu haifar da alamun cututtuka, kuma, a wasu lokuta, bayan shan magunguna masu toshe serotonin.

Alamomin serotonin syndrome yawanci suna faruwa a cikin 'yan sa'o'i bayan shan sabon magani ko ƙara yawan maganin da kake sha.

Alamu da kuma bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da:

• Tsananin motsin rai ko rashin natsuwa
• Rashin bacci
• Tsausayi
• Saurin bugun zuciya da hauhawar jini
• Manyan dalibai
• Rashin haɗin kai na tsoka ko tsokwasawar tsoka
• Hauhawar jini
• Tsananin tsoka
• Gumi mai yawa
• Gudawa
• Ciwon kai
• Rarrafe
• Goosebumps

Serotonin syndrome mai tsanani na iya zama mai hatsari ga rayuwa. Alamu sun haɗa da:

• Zafi mai tsanani
• Rarrafe
• Sawu
• Rashin daidaito na bugun zuciya
• Asarar sani

Idan ka yi zargin cewa kana da ciwon serotonin syndrome bayan fara shan sabon magani ko ƙara yawan maganin da kake sha, kira likitank a nan take ko je asibiti. Idan kana da alamun da suka yi muni ko kuma suka yi muni da sauri, nemi magani a gaggawa nan take.

Taranta yawan serotonin a jiki yana haifar da alamomin cutar serotonin syndrome.

Yawancin lokaci, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a kwakwalwa da kashin baya suna samar da serotonin wanda ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa hankali, hali da zafin jiki.

Sauran ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a jiki, musamman a cikin hanji, suma suna samar da serotonin. Serotonin yana taka rawa wajen sarrafa tsarin narkewa, jini da numfashi.

Kodayake yana yiwuwa shan magani ɗaya kawai wanda ke ƙara matakan serotonin zai iya haifar da cutar serotonin syndrome a wasu mutane, wannan yanayin yana faruwa sau da yawa lokacin da mutane suka haɗa wasu magunguna.

Alal misali, cutar serotonin syndrome na iya faruwa idan ka sha maganin matsin lamba tare da maganin ciwon kai. Hakanan na iya faruwa idan ka sha maganin matsin lamba tare da maganin ciwon opioid.

Wani dalilin cutar serotonin syndrome shine kuskuren shan maganin matsin lamba.

Yawancin magunguna marasa takardar sayan magani da na takardar sayan magani na iya haɗuwa da cutar serotonin syndrome, musamman magungunan matsin lamba. Magungunan haram da ƙarin abinci kuma na iya haɗuwa da wannan yanayin.

Magunguna da ƙarin abinci waɗanda zasu iya haifar da cutar serotonin syndrome sun haɗa da:

• Masu hana sake ɗaukar serotonin (SSRIs), magungunan matsin lamba kamar citalopram (Celexa), fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Luvox), escitalopram (Lexapro), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva, Brisdelle) da sertraline (Zoloft)
• Masu hana sake ɗaukar serotonin da norepinephrine (SNRIs), magungunan matsin lamba kamar desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), levomilnacipran (Fetzima), milnacipran (Savella), duloxetine (Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle) da venlafaxine (Effexor XR)
• Bupropion (Zyban, Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL), maganin matsin lamba da maganin shan taba
• Magungunan matsin lamba na Tricyclic, kamar amitriptyline da nortriptyline (Pamelor)
• Masu hana oxidase na Monoamine (MAOIs), magungunan matsin lamba kamar isocarboxazid (Marplan) da phenelzine (Nardil)
• Magungunan ciwon kai, kamar carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol, da sauransu), valproic acid da triptans, waɗanda suka haɗa da almotriptan, naratriptan (Amerge) da sumatriptan (Imitrex, Tosymra, da sauransu)
• Magungunan ciwo, kamar magungunan ciwon opioid ciki har da codeine, fentanyl (Duragesic, Abstral, da sauransu), hydrocodone (Hysingla ER), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (Oxycontin, Roxicodone, da sauransu) da tramadol (Ultram, ConZip)
• Lithium (Lithobid), mai daidaita yanayi
• Magungunan haram, ciki har da LSD, ecstasy, cocaine da amphetamines
• Ƙarin abinci na ganye, ciki har da St. John's wort, ginseng da nutmeg
• Magungunan tari da sanyi marasa takardar sayan magani masu ɗauke da dextromethorphan (Delsym)
• Magungunan hana tashin zuciya kamar granisetron (Sancuso, Sustol), metoclopramide (Reglan), droperidol (Inapsine) da ondansetron (Zofran)
• Linezolid (Zyvox), maganin rigakafi
• Ritonavir (Norvir), maganin rigakafi na anti-retroviral da ake amfani da shi wajen kula da cutar human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Wasu mutane suna da yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar serotonin syndrome fiye da wasu, sakamakon magunguna da abubuwan kara kuzari, amma kowa na iya kamuwa da ita.

Kuna da hadarin kamuwa da cutar serotonin syndrome idan:

• Kwanan nan kuka fara shan magani ko kuma kuka kara yawan kashi na maganin da aka sani yana kara matakan serotonin
• Kuna shan fiye da magani daya da aka sani yana kara matakan serotonin
• Kuna shan kayan kara kuzari na ganye da aka sani yana kara matakan serotonin
• Kuna amfani da miyagun kwayoyi da aka sani yana kara matakan serotonin

Yawancin lokaci, ciwon serotonin ba ya haifar da matsala bayan da matakan serotonin suka dawo matakin da suka saba.

Idan ba a kula da shi ba, ciwon serotonin mai tsanani na iya haifar da asarar sani da mutuwa.

Shan magunguna da dama da ke shafar serotonin ko ƙara yawan kashi na maganin da ke shafar serotonin yana ƙara yawan haɗarin kamuwa da cutar serotonin syndrome. Sanin magungunan da kake sha da kuma gaya wa likitanki ko likitan magunguna jerin magungunan da kake sha cikakke. Ka tabbata ka tuntubi likitanki idan kai ko ɗan uwanka ya taɓa samun alamun rashin lafiya bayan shan magani. Haka kuma ka tattauna da likitanki game da yuwuwar haɗari. Kar ka daina shan kowane magani da kanka. Idan likitanki ya rubuta maka sabon magani, tabbatar ya san duk wasu magungunan da kake sha, musamman idan kana samun takardar sayen magani daga fiye da likita ɗaya. Idan kai da likitanki kun yanke shawarar cewa amfanin haɗa wasu magunguna masu shafar matakin serotonin ya fi haɗarinsa, ku kasance a shirye don yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar serotonin syndrome.

Babu gwajin da zai tabbatar da cutar serotonin syndrome. Likitanka zai gano cutar ta hanyar cire wasu abubuwa.

Likitanka zai fara tambayarka game da alamomin cutar, tarihin lafiyarka da duk wani magani da kake sha. Likitanka zai kuma yi gwajin jiki.

Don tabbatar da cewa alamomin cutar suna daga serotonin syndrome ba wata cuta ba, likitanka na iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje don:

Akwai yanayi da yawa da zasu iya haifar da alamomin da suka kama da na serotonin syndrome. Alamomin da ba su da tsanani ana iya samun su daga yanayi da dama. Alamomin matsakaici da tsanani da suka kama da na serotonin syndrome na iya zama sakamakon:

Likitanka na iya yin wasu gwaje-gwaje don cire wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da alamomin cutar. Gwaje-gwajen na iya haɗawa da:

• Auna matakan duk wani maganin da kake amfani da shi

• Duba alamun kamuwa da cuta

• Duba ayyukan jiki da serotonin syndrome na iya shafa

• Mummunan amsa ga wasu magunguna, kamar wasu magungunan sa barci, magungunan hana tabin hankali da sauran magunguna da aka sani da samar da wadannan mummunan halaye

• Yawan shan magunguna haram, magungunan hana damuwa ko sauran magunguna masu karawa matakan serotonin

• Lalacewar da ta shafi amfani da magunguna haram

• Janye barasa mai tsanani

• Gwajin jini da fitsari

• X-ray na kirji

• Computerized Tomography (CT) scan

• Cire ruwa daga kashin baya (lumbar puncture)