Iritis

ʻO ka uvea ka mea i kūkulu ʻia i nā ʻāpana o ka maka ma lalo o ke keʻokeʻo o ka maka (sclera). Loaʻa iā ia ʻekolu ʻāpana: (1) ka iris, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana kala o ka maka; (2) ke kino ciliary, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o loko o ka maka e hoʻopuka ai i ka wai mālamalama ma mua o ka maka; a (3) ka choroid, ʻo ia ka papa o nā kīʻaha koko ma waena o ka sclera a me ka retina.

ʻO ka iritis (i-RYE-tis) ka pehu a me ka huhū (inflammation) ma ka apo kala a puni ka pupil o kou maka (iris). ʻO kekahi inoa no ka iritis, ʻo ia ka anterior uveitis.

ʻO ka uvea ka papa waena o ka maka ma waena o ka retina a me ka ʻāpana keʻokeʻo o ka maka. Aia ka iris ma ka ʻāpana mua (anterior) o ka uvea.

ʻO ka iritis ka ʻano maʻamau loa o ka uveitis. ʻO ka uveitis ka mumū ʻana o kahi ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana a pau o ka uvea. ʻAʻole pinepine i ʻike ʻia ke kumu. Hiki ke hopena mai kahi kūlana ma lalo a i ʻole kahi kumu genetic.

Inā ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia, hiki i ka iritis ke alakaʻi i ka glaucoma a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻike. E ʻike i kāu kauka i ka wā hiki loa inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka iritis.

Hiki ke loaʻa ka iritis ma kekahi maka a i ʻole nā ​​maka ʻelua. Hoʻomaka pinepine ia me ka wikiwiki, a hiki ke lōʻihi a hiki i ʻekolu mahina. ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka iritis e komo pū ana: ʻulaʻula o ka maka, ʻeha a i ʻole ka ʻeha ma ka maka i pilikia, pilikia i ka mālamalama, a me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike. ʻO ka iritis e hoʻomaka koke ana, i loko o nā hola a i ʻole nā ​​lā, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he iritis ʻoi. ʻO nā ʻōuli e hoʻomaka mālie a lōʻihi ma mua o ʻekolu mahina e hōʻike ana i ka iritis maʻi. E ʻike i kahi kauka maka (ophthalmologist) i ka hiki koke loa inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻōuli o ka iritis. Kūleʻa ka mālama koke e pale aku i nā pilikia nui. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha o ka maka a me nā pilikia ʻike me nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe, pono paha ʻoe i ka mālama olakino koke.

E ʻike koke i kahi kauka maka (ophthalmologist) inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka iritis. Kūleʻa ka mālama koke e pale aku i nā pilikia nui. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha maka a me nā pilikia ʻike me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, pono paha ʻoe i ka mālama ola kino koke.

I ka manawa pinepine, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i ke kumu o ka iritis. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke pili ka iritis i ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka maka, nā kumu genetic a i ʻole kekahi mau maʻi. ʻO nā kumu o ka iritis e komo pū ana me:

• Ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka maka. Hiki i ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka ikaika, ka hōʻeha komo, a i ʻole ka puhi ʻana mai ka mea kemika a i ʻole ke ahi ke kumu i ka iritis ʻoi aku ka nui.
• Nā maʻi bacteria. Hiki i nā maʻi viral ma kou maka, e like me nā ʻōpala anu a me nā ʻili ʻili i hana ʻia e nā virus herpes, ke kumu i ka iritis.

Hiki nō hoʻi ke pili nā maʻi bacteria mai nā virus a me nā bacteria ʻē aʻe i ka uveitis. No ka laʻana, hiki iā lākou ke komo pū me ka toxoplasmosis, kahi maʻi i hana pinepine ʻia e ka parasite i loko o ka meaʻai ʻaʻole i kuke ʻia; ka histoplasmosis, kahi maʻi o ka māmā e hana ʻia ke hanu ʻoe i nā spores o ka fungus; ka maʻi tuberculosis, kahi e hana ai ke komo nā bacteria i loko o nā māmā; a me ka syphilis, kahi i hana ʻia e ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā bacteria ma o ka pilina moekolohe.

• Ka hoʻoili genetic. Hiki i nā kānaka e loaʻa ana i kekahi mau maʻi autoimmune ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka gene e hoʻopilikia ana i kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale kino ke loaʻa pū i ka iritis ʻoi aku ka nui. ʻO nā maʻi e komo pū ana he ʻano o ka maʻi ʻili ʻili i kapa ʻia ʻo ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease a me psoriatic arthritis.
• Maʻi Behcet. ʻO kahi kumu maʻamau ʻole o ka iritis ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā ʻāina Komohana, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia kūlana e nā pilikia hui, nā ʻōpala waha a me nā ʻōpala genital.
• Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā keiki me kēia kūlana ka iritis lōʻihi.
• Sarcoidosis. ʻO kēia maʻi autoimmune e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā hōʻiliʻili o nā cell inflammatory ma nā wahi o kou kino, e komo pū ana me kou mau maka.
• Kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ka antibiotic rifabutin (Mycobutin) a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau antiviral cidofovir, i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi HIV hiki ke lilo i kumu maʻamau ʻole o ka iritis. I ka manawa pinepine, hiki i nā bisphosphonates, i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka osteoporosis, ke kumu i ka uveitis. ʻO ka hoʻōki ʻana i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻōki pinepine i nā hōʻailona iritis.

Ke kiʻekiʻe nei kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iritis inā ʻoe:

• Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoʻololi kūikawā o ka gene. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iritis i nā kānaka me kahi hoʻololi kūikawā i loko o kahi gene e pono ai no ka hana olakino o ke ʻōnaehana pale. Ua kapa ʻia kēia hoʻololi ʻo HLA-B27.
• Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi moekolohe i hoʻolaha ʻia ma o ka moekolohe. Hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau maʻi, e like me ka syphilis a i ʻole ka HIV/AIDS, me ka pilikia nui o ka iritis.
• Nāwaliwali kou ʻōnaehana pale a i ʻole loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi autoimmune. Hoʻopili kēia i nā kūlana e like me ka ankylosing spondylitis a me ka reactive arthritis.
• Pāpālua paka. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina ua hoʻonui ka puhi paka i kou pilikia.

Inā ʻaʻole i mālama pono ʻia, hiki i ka iritis ke alakaʻi i kēia mau mea:

• Nā Cataracts. He pilikia paha ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi ʻāina mālie o ka lens o kou maka (cataract), ʻoi aku inā he lōʻihi kou wā o ka mumū.
• Pupil ʻaʻole kūlike. Hiki i ka ʻili ʻeha ke hana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka iris i ka lens ma lalo a i ʻole ka cornea, e hana ana i ka pupil ʻaʻole kūlike i ke ʻano a me ka iris lohi i kona pane ʻana i ka mālamalama.
• Nā waihona calcium ma ka cornea. Hana kēia i ka hoʻoino ʻana o kou cornea a hiki ke hoʻemi i kou ʻike.
• ʻO ka pehu ma loko o ka retina. Hiki i ka pehu a me nā cysts piha wai e ulu ana ma ka retina ma hope o ka maka ke hoʻopīhoihoi a hoʻemi paha i kou ʻike waena.

E nānā pono ana kāu kauka maka i kou mau maka, me kēia mau mea:

• Nānā waho. Hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻohana i ka peni kukui e nānā i kou mau haumāna, e nānā i ke ʻano o ka ʻulaʻula i loko o kekahi maka a i ʻole nā ​​maka ʻelua, a e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻokuʻu.
• Nānā ʻike maka. E hoʻokolohua kāu kauka i ka ʻoi o kou ʻike maka me ka pakuhi maka a me nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau ʻē aʻe.
• Nānā kukui slit. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka microscope kūikawā me ka kukui ma luna, e nānā kāu kauka i loko o kou maka e ʻimi i nā hōʻailona o ka iritis. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i kou haumāna me nā eyedrops e hiki ai i kāu kauka ke ʻike maikaʻi i loko o kou maka.

Inā manaʻo kāu kauka maka he maʻi a i ʻole ke kūlana e hoʻokumu ana i kāu iritis, hiki iā ia ke hana pū me kāu kauka mālama mua e kuhikuhi i ke kumu kumu. I kēlā hihia, hiki i nā hoʻokolohua hou ke komo i nā hoʻokolohua koko a i ʻole nā ​​X-ray e ʻike a kāpae paha i nā kumu kūikawā.