Eseme ry'Indwara ya Kanseri y'Amaraso ya Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro n'Ubuvuzi

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso itera vuba cyane iyo umugufi wawe ukora uturindagiramaraso tw'abazungu tudakora neza. Aya magiramaraso mabi ahatana n'uturindagiramaraso twiza, bigatuma umubiri wawe udashobora kurwanya indwara, gutwara ogisijeni, no guhagarika kuva amaraso neza.

Nubwo iyi ndwara ishobora kukubabaza, gusobanukirwa ibiri kuba mu mubiri wawe no kumenya uburyo bwo kuyivura bishobora kugufasha kumva wishimye. AML irashobora kwibasira abantu b'imyaka yose, nubwo ari kenshi mu bantu barengeje imyaka 60. Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi bwateye imbere cyane, kandi abantu benshi barwaye AML bashobora gukira iyo bavuwe neza.

Eseme ry'Indwara ya Kanseri y'Amaraso ya Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)?

AML itangirira mu mugufi, ariwo mubiri woroshye uri mu magufwa aho amaraso akorwa. Ubusanzwe, umugufi wawe ukora uturindagiramaraso twiza tw'abazungu dufasha kurwanya indwara. Muri AML, hari ikintu kibaho muri uwo mugongo, maze umugufi wawe utangira gukora uturindagiramaraso tw'abazungu tudakora neza twitwa blasts.

Aya magiramaraso ya blasts ntakora neza kandi yiyongera vuba. Afata umwanya ukwiye gukoreshwa n'uturindagiramaraso twiza. Ibi bivuze ko umubiri wawe udashobora gukora uturindagiramaraso twiza, uturindagiramaraso tw'abazungu, cyangwa ibyitwa platelets.

Ijambo “acute” risobanura ko iyi ndwara itera vuba, mu byumweru cyangwa amezi. Bitandukanye na leukemia y'igihe kirekire, itera buhoro buhoro mu myaka. Kubera ko itera vuba, AML ikeneye ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Ibimenyetso bya AML bigaragara kuko umubiri wawe udafite uturindagiramaraso duhagije kugira ngo ukore neza. Ushobora kumva unaniwe cyangwa ushake, nubwo wari uhuye.

Dore ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ushobora kugira:

• Kunaniuka cyane n'intege nke bidakira nubwo wari uhuye
• Indwara nyinshi, umuriro, cyangwa ibimenyetso nk'iby'igipfapfa
• Kuvunika cyangwa kuva amaraso byoroshye, harimo no kuva mu mazuru cyangwa mu menyo
• Guhumeka nabi mu gihe ukora ibikorwa bisanzwe
• Uruhu rwera cyangwa kumva ukonje
• Gutakaza ibiro bitasobanuwe
• Kubabara mu magufwa cyangwa mu ngingo
• Umutobe w'amaraso ubabara mu ijosi, mu gituza, cyangwa mu kibuno

Bamwe mu bantu banabonye ibikomere bito, bitukura ku ruhu byitwa petechiae. Aya mabikomere mato ni amaraso make ari munsi y'uruhu kandi abaho kuko udafite platelets zihagije gufasha amaraso yawe gukomera neza.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ibi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa n'izindi ndwara nyinshi, atari AML gusa. Ariko rero, niba ufite bimwe muri ibi bimenyetso hamwe, cyane cyane niba birimo kuba bibi, birakwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe.

Ni ibihe bwoko by'indwara ya Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

AML si indwara imwe gusa ahubwo irimo ubwoko butandukanye bushingiye ku bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso bukorwaho n'uburyo utugize kanseri bigaragara munsi ya mikoroskopi. Muganga wawe azamenya ubwoko bwawe bw'indwara binyuze mu bipimo byimbitse, ibi bifasha kuyivura.

Uburyo busanzwe abaganga bakoresha mu gusesengura AML ni ukoresha uburyo bwa World Health Organization (WHO). Ubu buryo bureba impinduka z'imiterere y'uturemangingo tw'indwara kandi bugabanya AML mu byiciro by'ingenzi. Amwe mu moko afite impinduka zihariye z'imiterere, andi akaba afitanye isano n'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri cyangwa indwara z'amaraso.

Ubundi buryo bwo gusesengura bwitwa French-American-British (FAB) bugabanya AML mu bwoko umunani bwitwa M0 kugeza kuri M7. Buri bwoko buhagararira intambwe zitandukanye ziterambere ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso aho kanseri itangirira. Ubwoko bwawe bw'indwara bufasha itsinda ry'abaganga bawe guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuyivura.

Ni iki gitera indwara ya Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Mu bihe byinshi, abaganga ntibashobora kumenya neza icyatera AML. Indwara ibaho iyo impinduka z'imiterere ya ADN ziba mu turemangingo tw'umugufi, zigatuma bikura kandi byiyongera nabi. Izi mpinduka za ADN zikunda kubaho mu buzima bw'umuntu aho kuba zarazwe n'ababyeyi.

Ariko kandi, hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara izi mpinduka za ADN:

• Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri bwakozwe mbere hakoreshejwe chemotherapy cyangwa radiotherapy
• Kuba mu kirere gifite urugero rwinshi rw'imirasire
• Kuba igihe kirekire mu kirere gifite imiti runaka nka benzene
• Kunywesha itabi
• Indwara zimwe z'amaraso nka myelodysplastic syndrome
• Indwara zimwe z'imiterere nka Down syndrome

Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko kugira kimwe cyangwa ibindi bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzahita urwara AML. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago ntibarwara leukemia, abandi badafite ibyago bizwi barayirwara. Uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere n'ibidukikije ni bugoranye kandi buracyigaho n'abashakashatsi.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, AML ishobora gufitanye isano n'indwara z'imiterere. Ariko, ibi bigize umubare muto w'abarwayi. Abantu benshi barwaye AML nta mateka y'iyi ndwara mu muryango wabo.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera indwara ya Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeza kukubabaza, cyane cyane niba bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Ntugatege amatsiko kugira ngo ibimenyetso bibanze kuba bibi mbere yo gushaka ubuvuzi.

Hamagara muganga wawe vuba niba ubona kunanuka kudakira, indwara nyinshi, cyangwa kuvunika no kuva amaraso byoroshye. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo mu turemangingo tw'amaraso bikeneye gusesengurwa.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nka firiro, guhumeka nabi, kuva amaraso bikomeye bidapfa, cyangwa kubabara mu gituza. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ingaruka zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Kwibuka ko kuvumbura hakiri kare no kuvura AML bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kubaho. Muganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini byoroshye by'amaraso kugira ngo arebe umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso kandi amenye niba hari ibindi bipimo bikenewe.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Gusobanukirwa ibyongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye n'ubuzima bwawe, nubwo ari ngombwa kwibuka ko kugira ibyongera ibyago ntibihamya ko uzahita urwara AML. Abantu benshi bafite ibyongera ibyago ntibarwara leukemia, abandi badafite ibyago bizwi barayirwara.

Imyaka ni yo ngingo ikomeye y'ibyago, AML ikaba ikunze kugaragara uko abantu bakura. Umuntu ubarwaho arwaye iyi ndwara afite imyaka 68. Ariko, AML ishobora kubaho mu myaka yose, harimo no mu bana n'urubyiruko.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi byongera ibyago byo kurwara AML:

• Kuba umugabo (ibyago biri hejuru gato ugereranyije n'abagore)
• Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri bwakozwe mbere hakoreshejwe imiti ya chemotherapy cyangwa imirasire
• Amateka y'indwara z'amaraso nka myelodysplastic syndrome cyangwa myelofibrosis
• Indwara z'imiterere nka Down syndrome cyangwa Fanconi anemia
• Kuba igihe kirekire mu kirere gifite benzene cyangwa ibindi bintu by'inganda
• Kunywesha itabi
• Kuba mu kirere gifite imirasire myinshi

Indwara zimwe z'imiterere zidasanzwe zishobora kongera ibyago bya AML. Izi ni Li-Fraumeni syndrome, neurofibromatosis, n'izindi ndwara z'imiterere z'umugufi. Niba ufite amateka y'izi ndwara mu muryango wawe, inama y'abaganga b'imiterere ishobora kugufasha.

Inkuru nziza ni uko bimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago, nko kunywesha itabi, bishobora guhindurwa binyuze mu guhindura imibereho. Nubwo udashobora guhindura ibintu nka myaka cyangwa imiterere, kwibanda ku cyo ushobora guhindura bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago bya kanseri muri rusange.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka za Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Ingaruka za AML ziterwa n'uko iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukora uturindagiramaraso twiza. Gusobanukirwa izi ngaruka zishoboka bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso by'uburwayi no gushaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa igihe bikenewe.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ziterwa no kugira uturindagiramaraso duto cyane mu mubiri wawe. Kugira uturindagiramaraso tw'umutuku duto bishobora gutera anemia ikomeye, bikagutera kunanuka cyane no guhumeka nabi. Kugira platelets nke byongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso cyane, mu gihe kugira uturindagiramaraso tw'abazungu duto bikugira intege nke ku ndwara zikomeye.

Dore ingaruka z'ingenzi ushobora guhura nazo:

• Indwara zikomeye zishobora kuba zikomeye
• Kuva amaraso cyane, harimo no kuva amaraso imbere mu mubiri
• Anemia ikomeye itera ibibazo by'umutima
• Tumor lysis syndrome iterwa n'ubuvuzi
• Graft-versus-host disease nyuma yo kubyaza umugufi
• Kanseri zindi ziterwa n'ubuvuzi
• Igufatwa ry'imikaya n'uturemangingo twa leukemia

Zimwe mu ngaruka zishobora kubaho nubwo wavuwe. Chemotherapy, nubwo ari ngombwa kurwanya kanseri, ishobora kugabanya umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso, bikongera ibyago by'indwara no kuva amaraso. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizakukurikirana hafi kandi rigafata ingamba zo gukumira no gucunga izi ngaruka.

Ingaruka zidasanzwe z'indwara yitwa tumor lysis syndrome ibaho iyo ubuvuzi bwicishije uturemangingo twa kanseri vuba cyane ku buryo impyiko zawe zitabasha gutunganya ibintu byangiza. Nubwo ari ikibazo gikomeye, iyi ngaruka ishobora kwirindwa binyuze mu kunywa amazi ahagije no gufata imiti.

Uko indwara ya Acute Myelogenous Leukemia imenyekana

Kumenya AML bisanzwe bitangira hakoreshejwe ibizamini by'amaraso bigaragaza umubare utari mwiza w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Muganga wawe azategeka ibizamini byuzuye by'amaraso kugira ngo arebe umubare w'uturemangingo tw'umutuku, uturindagiramaraso tw'abazungu, na platelets mu maraso yawe.

Niba ibizamini by'amaraso byerekana leukemia, muganga wawe azakugira inama yo gukora biopsie y'umugufi. Ubu buryo burimo gufata igice gito cy'umugufi, ubusanzwe mu gice cy'amagufwa, kugira ngo basuzume uturemangingo munsi ya mikoroskopi. Nubwo biopsie ishobora kuba ikintu giteye ubwoba, ikorwa hakoreshejwe imiti ibabaza kugira ngo hagarukwe ububabare.

Ibindi bipimo bifasha kumenya ubwoko bwa AML ufite no kuyivura. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo ibizamini by'imiterere y'uturemangingo twa kanseri, flow cytometry yo kumenya ubwoko bw'uturemangingo, n'ibizamini by'amashusho nka CT scans cyangwa chest X-rays kugira ngo barebe niba leukemia yageze mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe.

Uburyo bwose bwo gusesengura busanzwe bumaara iminsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizakora vuba kuko AML itera vuba kandi ubuvuzi busanzwe bugomba gutangira vuba nyuma yo gusesengura. Muri icyo gihe, bashobora kandi gukora ibizamini kugira ngo barebe ubuzima bwawe muri rusange kandi bagenwe uburyo bwiza bwo kuyivura.

Ubuvuzi bw'indwara ya Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Ubuvuzi bwa AML busanzwe bukorwa mu byiciro bibiri by'ingenzi: ubuvuzi bwo gutangira kugira ngo hagarukwe indwara n'ubuvuzi bwo gukomeza kugira ngo indwara idasubira. Intego y'ubuvuzi bwo gutangira ni uguhitamo uturemangingo twa kanseri uko bishoboka kose no gusubiza umubiri gukora uturindagiramaraso twiza.

Chemotherapy ni yo miti ikomeye ikoreshwa mu kuvura abantu benshi barwaye AML. Uzabona imiti itandukanye igamije gutera uturemangingo twa kanseri mu gihe ikuraho uturemangingo twiza uko bishoboka kose. Ubuvuzi busaba kuba mu bitaro ibyumweru byinshi mu gihe umubiri wawe urimo gukira kandi uturindagiramaraso twiza turimo gukura.

Uburyo bwawe bwo kuvurwa buzagufasha kumenya uko uhagaze, harimo:

• Chemotherapy ikomeye (iminsi 7-10)
• Chemotherapy yo gukomeza kugira ngo indwara idasubira
• Kubyaza umugufi ku barwayi bamwe
• Imiti igamije impinduka zihariye z'imiterere
• Ubufasha burimo antibiotique n'amaraso
• Ibizamini by'ubuvuzi bushya

Ku bantu bamwe, cyane cyane abafite impinduka zimwe z'imiterere mu turemangingo twabo twa kanseri, imiti igamije impinduka z'imiterere ishobora kongerwa kuri chemotherapy isanzwe. Aya miti akora bitandukanye na chemotherapy isanzwe binyuze mu kugerageza kuri proteine zimwe na zimwe zifasha uturemangingo twa kanseri gukura.

Kubyaza umugufi bishobora kugirwa inama niba uri muzima kandi ufite umuntu ukubereye umuterankunga. Ubu buvuzi bukomeye busimbuza umugufi wawe uturemangingo twiza tw'umugufi ukomoka ku muntu, bikaguha amahirwe meza yo gukira burundu.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe uvurwa indwara ya Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Kwitaho ubuvuzi bwa AML iwawe bisaba kwitondera cyane kwirinda indwara no gucunga ingaruka. Sisteme yawe y'ubudahangarwa izaba yoroheje mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi, bikugira intege nke ku ndwara zishobora kuba zikomeye cyangwa zikaba zikomeye.

Kwiringira indwara biba icya mbere. Kwoza intoki kenshi n'amazi n'isabune, cyane cyane mbere yo kurya nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero. Irinde imihana n'abantu barwaye, kandi witegure kwambara agapfukamunwa mu ruhame igihe muganga wawe abikugira inama.

Dore uburyo bwo kwitaho iwawe:

• Suzuma ubushyuhe bwawe buri munsi kandi ubwira muganga wawe niba ufite umuriro
• Kurya indyo nzima wirinda ibiryo bitoze cyangwa bitatezwe
• Kunywa amazi ahagije
• Kuryama uhagije
• Fata imiti yose uko yagutegetswe
• Kwitabira ibizamini byose by'abaganga
• Kwitondera ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso cyangwa indwara

Guhangana n'umunaniro ni ingenzi mu kubaho. Tegura ibikorwa mu gihe wumva ufite imbaraga, ubusanzwe mu gitondo. Ntukabe ikibazo gusaba umuryango wawe n'inshuti gufasha mu bikorwa bya buri munsi nko kugura ibintu, guteka, cyangwa gusukura.

Komereza umupima ubushyuhe kandi umenye ubushyuhe bwawe niba wumva utameze neza. Vugana n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe ako kanya niba ufite umuriro, kuko bishobora kugaragaza indwara ikomeye isaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwitoza kujya kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyanyu hamwe no kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'ibibazo byawe by'ingenzi. Andika ibibazo byawe mbere, kuko byoroshye kubibagirwa igihe wumva uhangayitse cyangwa udashimye.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose ufata, harimo imiti yo mu maduka, amavitamine, n'ibindi. Nanone, komeza impapuro z'ubuvuzi zikomoka ku bandi baganga, cyane cyane ibizamini by'amaraso byakozwe vuba cyangwa ibizamini by'amashusho.

Teganya kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti wizeye. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi, kubaza ibibazo ushobora kwibagirwa, no kugufasha mu gihe cy'ibiganiro bikomeye.

Tegura ibibazo byihariye ku ndwara yawe, uburyo bwo kuyivura, n'icyo witeze. Ntukabe ikibazo kubaza ibibazo byinshi – itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rishaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa uko uhagaze no kumva wishimye n'uburyo bwawe bwo kuvurwa.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo gusobanukirwa kuri AML ni uko nubwo ari indwara ikomeye isaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa, abantu benshi barakira kandi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buuzuye. Ubuvuzi bwateye imbere cyane mu myaka ishize, butanga ibyiringiro n'ibyitezwe byiza mu kubaho.

Kuvumbura hakiri kare no kuvura vuba bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kubaho. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikubabaza, ntutinye gushaka ubuvuzi. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rifite ubumenyi n'ibikoresho byo gusesengura AML neza no gutegura uburyo bwo kuyivura buhuye n'ibyo ukeneye.

Kwibuka ko kugira AML ntibikugaragaza, kandi nturi wenyine muri uru rugendo. Ubufasha bw'umuryango, inshuti, n'abaganga bashobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu buryo uhangana n'ubuvuzi no gukira. Ibanda ku gukora ibintu umunsi ku munsi no kwishimira intsinzi nto mu nzira.

Ibibazo byakunda kubaza kuri Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Ese AML irazwa?

Ibihe byinshi bya AML ntibirakomoka ku babyeyi. Igice gito cy'ibihe bya AML gifitanye isano n'indwara z'imiterere. Abantu benshi barwaye AML nta mateka y'iyi ndwara mu muryango wabo, kandi kugira AML ntibyongera cyane ibyago ku bana bawe cyangwa abandi bantu bo mu muryango wawe.

Ese ubuvuzi bwa AML buramara igihe kingana iki?

Ubuvuzi bwa AML busanzwe buramara amezi menshi. Ubuvuzi bwo gutangira busanzwe buramara ibyumweru 4-6, bukurikirwa n'ubuvuzi bwo gukomeza bushobora gukomeza amezi menshi. Igihe nyacyo kigendera ku buryo uhangana n'ubuvuzi niba ukeneye ubundi buvuzi nko kubyaza umugufi.

Ese ushobora gukora mu gihe uvurwa AML?

Abantu benshi ntibashobora gukora mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bukomeye bwa AML kubera ko baba mu bitaro n'ingaruka z'ubuvuzi. Ariko, bamwe bashobora gukora igice cy'igihe cyangwa bakora mu rugo mu bihe bimwe by'ubuvuzi. Vugana n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe kugira ngo umenye icyiza kandi gikwiye ku mimerere yawe.

Ese umubare w'abarokoka AML ni ungana iki?

Umubare w'abarokoka AML utandukanye cyane bitewe n'ibintu nka myaka, ubuzima muri rusange, n'imiterere yihariye ya kanseri. Abakiri bato bafite ibyiza, umubare w'abarokoka mu myaka 5 uri hagati ya 35-40% muri rusange. Ariko, ibyavuye ku muntu ku giti cye bishobora kuba byiza cyangwa bibi kurusha izi mibare, kandi ubuvuzi bushya burakomeza kunoza ibyavuye.

Ese AML ishobora gusubira nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Yego, AML ishobora gusubira nyuma yo kuvurwa, ibi bikaba byitwa gusubira. Niyo mpamvu ubuvuzi bwo gukomeza no gukurikirana igihe kirekire ari ingenzi. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizakukurikirana hafi binyuze mu bizamini by'amaraso n'ibizamini kugira ngo bamenye ibimenyetso byo gusubira kw'indwara hakiri kare, igihe ishobora kuvurwa.