Botulism

Botulism ni indwara yoroheje ariko ikomeye iterwa na toxine itera ibibazo ku mitsi y'umubiri. Botulism ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bishobora kwica umuntu. Ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima byitwa Clostridium botulinum ni byo bikora iyo toxine. Botulism ishobora kubaho kubera kwanduza ibiryo cyangwa ibikomere. Iyi ndwara ishobora kandi kubaho iyo spores z'ibinyabuzima byangiza bikura mu mara y'abana bato. Mu bihe bitoroshye, botulism ishobora kandi guterwa n'ubuvuzi cyangwa iterabwoba rishingiye ku mibiri.

Uburyo butatu busanzwe bwa botulism ni:

• Botulism iterwa n'ibiryo. Ibinyabuzima byangiza bikura kandi bikora toxine mu midugudu idafite umwuka mwinshi, nko mu biryo byatezwe mu rugo.
• Botulism iterwa n'ibikomere. Iyo ibyo binya buzima binjira mu gikomere, bishobora gutera indwara ikomeye ikora toxine.
• Botulism y'abana bato. Ubu bwoko bwa botulism busanzwe butangira nyuma y'uko spores z'ibinyabuzima byitwa C. botulinum bikuye mu mara y'umwana. Bisanzwe bibaho mu bana bari hagati y'amezi abiri n'amezi umunani. Mu bihe bitoroshye, ubwo bwoko bwa botulism bwo mu mara bugira ingaruka ku bakuru.

Rimwe na rimwe, botulism ibaho iyo toxine ya botulinum inyinjijwe cyane mu rwego rw'ubwiza cyangwa ubuvuzi. Ubu bwoko buke bwitwa botulism iterwa n'ubuvuzi. Ijambo "iterwa n'ubuvuzi" risobanura indwara iterwa n'iperereza cyangwa ubuvuzi.

Ubundi bwoko buke bwa botulism bushobora kubaho bitewe no guhumeka toxine. Ibi bishobora kubaho kubera iterabwoba rishingiye ku mibiri.

Uburyo bwose bwa botulism bushobora kwica kandi bufatwa nk'ibibazo byihutirwa mu buvuzi.

Ibimenyetso bya botulism iterwa n'ibiribwa bikunze gutangira amasaha 12 kugeza kuri 36 nyuma y'aho uburozi bwinjiye mu mubiri wawe. Ariko bitewe n'umwanya w'uburozi wanyoye, gutangira kw'ibimenyetso bishobora kugenda kuva mu masaha make kugeza ku minsi mike. Ibimenyetso bya botulism iterwa n'ibiribwa birimo: Kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima cyangwa kuvuga Umunwa wumye Ubusembwa bw'isura ku mpande zombi z'isura Kubura neza cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri Ijisho ridafite imbaraga Ikibazo cyo guhumeka Kugira isereri, kuruka no kubabara mu nda Ubumuga bw'ingingo Ibimenyetso bya botulism iterwa n'ibikomere bigaragara hafi iminsi 10 nyuma y'aho uburozi bwinjiye mu mubiri wawe. Ibimenyetso bya botulism iterwa n'ibikomere birimo: Kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima cyangwa kuvuga Ubusembwa bw'isura ku mpande zombi z'isura Kubura neza cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri Ijisho ridafite imbaraga Ikibazo cyo guhumeka Ubumuga bw'ingingo Agasoko kari hafi y'ikomere ntigahora kagaragara kabumbabumbaye kandi kagaragaza impinduka y'irangi. Ibibazo muri rusange bitangira amasaha 18 kugeza kuri 36 nyuma y'aho uburozi bwinjiye mu mubiri w'umwana. Ibimenyetso birimo: Impatwe, ikunze kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere Imitwaro idafite imbaraga kubera intege nke z'imitsi no kugira ikibazo cyo kugenzura umutwe Gutaka guke Kwiheba Umunya Ijisho ridafite imbaraga Uburwayi Ikibazo cyo kunywa cyangwa kurya Ubumuga bw'ingingo Bimwe mu bimenyetso ntibikunze kugaragara kuri botulism. Urugero, botulism ntiyakura umuvuduko w'amaraso cyangwa umuvuduko w'umutima cyangwa guteza umuriro cyangwa guhuzagurika. Rimwe na rimwe, ariko, botulism iterwa n'ibikomere ishobora guteza umuriro. Muri botulism iterwa n'abaganga — iyo uburozi bwoherejwe mu buryo bw'ubwiza cyangwa impamvu z'ubuvuzi — habayeho ibintu bibi bidafite akamaro. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo kubabara umutwe, ubusembwa bw'isura, n'intege nke z'imitsi. Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba ukekako ufite botulism. Ubuvuzi bwa mbere bwongera amahirwe yawe yo kubaho kandi bugabanya ibyago byo kugira ingaruka mbi. Kubona ubuvuzi vuba bishobora kandi kuburira abayobozi b'ubuzima rusange ku bijyanye na botulism iterwa n'ibiribwa. Bashobora kuba bashobora kubuza abandi bantu kurya ibiryo byanduye. Ariko, komeza wibuke ko botulism idashobora gukwirakwira kuva ku muntu umwe ujya ku wundi. Itsinda ritamenyerewe rya botulism — cyane cyane mu bantu badafite aho bahuriye — itera mu masaha 12 kugeza kuri 48 ishobora gutera amakenga y'iterabwoba rishingiye ku mibare.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga byihuse niba ukekako ufite uburwayi bwa botulism. Ivuriro ryihuse ryongera amahirwe yo kubaho kandi rigabanya ibyago byo kugira ingaruka.

Kubona ubufasha bwa muganga vuba bishobora kandi kuburira abayobozi b'ubuzima rusange ku bijyanye n'ibibazo bya botulism iterwa n'ibiribwa. Bashobora gukumira abandi bantu kurya ibiryo byanduye. Ariko, komeza wibuke ko botulism idakwirakwira kuva ku muntu umwe ujya ku wundi.

Agatsiko kadasanzwe ka botulism — cyane cyane mu bantu badafite aho bahuriye — itera mu masaha 12 kugeza kuri 48 ishobora gutera amakenga y'iterabwoba rishingiye ku buzima.

Isoko isanzwe y'uburozi bw'ibiryo ni ibiryo byakozwe mu rugo bitarimo kubikwa neza cyangwa bitarimo kubikwa neza. Ibi biryo ni imbuto, imboga n'amafi. Ibindi biryo, nka pilipili zihuhuruka (chiles), ibirayi byashyizwe mu gikombe cy'aluminiyumu kandi byuzuyemo amavuta ya tungurusumu, bishobora kuba isoko y'uburozi.

Iyo bagiteri C. botulinum zinjira mu kibyimba, zishobora kwiyongera kandi zigakora uburozi. Icyo kibyimba gishobora kuba ikibyimba kitagaragaye. Cyangwa icyo kibyimba gishobora guterwa n'imvune ikomeye cyangwa kubagwa.

Uburozi bw'ibibyimba bwiyongereye mu myaka ya vuba aha mu bantu binjiza Heroine, ishobora kuba irimo spores z'ibyo bagiteri. Mu by'ukuri, ubu bwoko bw'uburozi busanzwe mu bantu binjiza Heroine y'umukara.

Abana babona uburozi bw'abana iyo spores z'ibyo bagiteri zinjiye mu mara yabo kandi zigakora uburozi. Mu bimwe mu bihe, isoko y'uburozi bw'abana ishobora kuba ubuki. Ariko birashoboka cyane ko ari ukubana n'ubutaka bwanduye ibyo bagiteri. Mu bihe bitoroshye, ubwo bwoko bw'uburozi bw'amara bugira ingaruka ku bakuru.

Gake, uburozi buva mu guhabwa inshinge nyinshi z'uburozi bwa botulinum ku mpamvu z'ubwiza, nko gukuraho iminkanyari, cyangwa ku mpamvu z'ubuvuzi, nko kuvura migraine.

Kubera ko igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imikaya mu mubiri wawe wose, uburozi bwa botulinum bushobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi. Akaga ka mbere ni uko utazashobora guhumeka. Kudahumeka ni kimwe mu bintu bisanzwe bitera urupfu mu maraso ya botulism. Izindi ngaruka, zishobora gusaba kuvurwa, zishobora kuba:

• Kugira ikibazo cyo kuvuga
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima
• Intege nke irambye
• Guhumeka nabi

Koresha ubuhanga bukwiye mu gihe upakira cyangwa ubungabunga ibiribwa iwawe mu rugo kugira ngo wirinde ko mikorobe ya botulism ihari. Ni ngombwa kandi gutegura no kubika ibiryo neza: Teka ibiryo byapakiwe mu rugo mu gikoresho gipima igitutu ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 250 Fahrenheit (dogere 121 Celsius) iminota 20 kugeza kuri 100, bitewe n'ibiryo. Tekereza guteka ibi biryo mu mazi abira iminota 10 mbere yo kubirya. Ntukirye ibiryo byabitswe niba ibyo birimo byavunitse cyangwa ibiryo bigira impumuro mbi. Ariko, impumuro n'uburyohe ntibizahora bigaragaza ububiko bwa C. botulinum. Amwe moko ntabwo atuma ibiryo bigira impumuro mbi cyangwa uburyohe butasanzwe. Niba upakiye ibirayi mu gikombe mbere yo kubiteka, birye bishyushye. Kuraho igikombe hanyuma ubike ibirayi muri firigo - atari mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Bika amavuta yakozwe mu rugo avangwa na tungurusumu cyangwa ibinyomoro muri firigo. Uyakureho nyuma y'iminsi ine. Shyira ibiryo byapakiwe muri firigo umaze kubifungura. Kugira ngo wirinde botulism y'ibikomere n'izindi ndwara zikomeye ziterwa n'amaraso, ntuzigera utera cyangwa uhuhura ibiyobyabwenge byo mu muhanda. Komereza ibikomere kugira ngo wirinde kwandura. Niba utekereza ko ikomere cyanduye, shaka ubuvuzi ako kanya. Kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago bya botulism y'abana, banza gutanga ubuki - ndetse n'agace gato - ku bana bari munsi y'umwaka umwe. Kugira ngo wirinde botulism iterwa n'ubuvuzi, menya neza ko ujya kwa muganga wemeranyijweho kugira ngo ukore ubuvuzi bw'ubwiza cyangwa ubuvuzi bukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwa botulinum toxin. Harimo onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox), abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport) n'ibindi.

Kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara ya botulism, umuvuzi wawe azakureba niba ufite intege nke z'imikaya cyangwa ubugufi. Umuvuzi wawe azashaka ibimenyetso nk'amaso yaguye n'ijwi rito. Umuvuzi wawe azakubaza ibyo waraye urya mu minsi mike ishize. Azagerageza kumenya niba waranduye mikorobe ibinyujije mu kibyimba. Mu gihe hari icyaha cya botulism ku bana bato, umuvuzi ashobora kubaza niba umwana wawe yaraye arya ubuki. Umuvuzi ashobora kandi kubaza niba umwana wawe afite impatwe cyangwa adakora cyane nk'uko bisanzwe. Gusesengura amaraso, umusemburo, cyangwa ikivamwo kugira ngo hamenyekane uburozi bishobora gufasha kwemeza uburwayi bwa botulism ku bana bato cyangwa ku bantu bakuze. Ariko kubona ibisubizo by'ibyo bipimo bishobora gutwara iminsi. Nuko isuzuma ry'umuvuzi ariyo nzira nyamukuru yo kumenya indwara ya botulism.