Botulism ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Botulism ni indwara idakunze kugaragara ariko ikaba ikomeye iterwa na toxine zikorerwa na bakteriye yitwa Clostridium botulinum. Izi toxine zikomeye zigaba igitero ku mutwe w'imiterere y'umubiri kandi zishobora gutera intege nke z'imitsi n'ubufindo mu mubiri wose.

Nubwo botulism ishobora kumvikana nk'iteye ubwoba, ni ingenzi kumenya ko idakunze kugaragara mu bihugu byateye imbere. Umunaniro ubanza gukumirwa, kandi iyo ifashwe hakiri kare, ubuvuzi bushobora kugira ingaruka nziza cyane. Gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso n'intandaro bishobora kugufasha kuba mu mutekano no kumenya igihe cyo gushaka ubuvuzi.

Ibimenyetso bya botulism ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya botulism bisanzwe bigaragara mu gihe cy'amasaha 12 kugeza kuri 36 nyuma yo kwandura toxine. Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi ni intege nke z'imitsi zitangira mu mutwe no mu maso, hanyuma zigakwirakwira mu mubiri.

Dore ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ushobora kubona, bikunze kugaragara muri uyu muhora:

• Kubona ibintu bibiri cyangwa kubona nabi
• Amaso agwa
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kuvuga cyangwa kuvuga nabi
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima
• Umunwa wumye
• Intege nke z'imitsi mu biganza no mu maguru
• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka

Icyatuma botulism iba idasanzwe ni uko usanzwe udafite umuriro, kandi ubwenge bwawe buguma bwuzuye nubwo imitsi yawe iba yoroheje. Intege nke z'imitsi zikurikira uburyo busanzwe, ziva mu mutwe ujya mu biganza, mu kibuno no mu maguru.

Mu bihe bikomeye, ubu bufindi bushobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi ukoresha mu guhumeka, ariyo mpamvu botulism ishobora kuba ikomeye idakize vuba.

Ubwoko bwa botulism ni ubuhe?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa botulism, buri bwoko bufite intandaro n'imiterere yabwo. Gusobanukirwa ubwo bwoko bushobora kugufasha kumenya aho ushobora kwandura.

Botulism iterwa n'ibiribwa ni yo izwi cyane. Ibaho iyo uriye ibiryo birimo toxine ya botulism, akenshi biterwa n'ibiryo bitarimo kubikwa neza cyangwa bitarimo gutegurwa neza.

Botulism y’abana bakiri bato irashyira mu kaga abana bafite munsi y’amezi 12. Bitandukanye n’ubundi bwoko, abana bato barya imisemburo y’ubwandu, maze ikakura mu mara yabo ikababyara uburozi. Ubuki ni isoko isanzwe y’iyi misemburo.

Botulism iterwa n’ibikomere ibaho iyo ubundi bwandu bukuruye mu bikomere byanduye. Ubwo bwoko bwabaye bwinshi mu bantu binjiza imiti mu mubiri, cyane cyane heronine y’umukara.

Botulism iterwa n’ubuvuzi ni ubwoko buke cyane bushobora kubaho iyo hakoreshejwe uburozi bwinshi bwa botulinum mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi cyangwa ubwiza. Ibi birimo ibintu nk’ubuvuzi bwa Botox iyo bitagenze neza.

Botulism iterwa no guhumeka ni gake cyane kandi isanzwe iba mu mpanuka zo muri Laboratwari cyangwa mu bihe bishobora kuba iterabwoba rishingiye ku mibare.

Ese iki gitera botulism?

Botulism iterwa n’uburozi bukomoka kuri bakteriya ya Clostridium botulinum. Izi bakteriya zisanzwe ziba mu butaka kandi zishobora kubaho mu midukiro idafite ogisijeni binyuze mu gukora imisemburo irinda.

Izi bakteriya ziba ziteje akaga iyo zibonye imimerere ikwiye yo gukura no kubyara uburozi bwazo. Zikura neza mu midukiro idafite ogisijeni, ifite aside nke, ifite ubushyuhe bukwiye n’ubunyevunyevu.

Dore amasoko asanzwe botulism ishobora gukuramo:

• Ibiribwa byatezwe mu rugo, cyane cyane imboga zidafite aside nka haricot vert, ibigori n’ibijumba
• Amafi n’inyama bitarindwe neza
• Ubuki (bukaba bwihariye ku bana bato)
• Utunguru ugitse mu mavuta mu bushyuhe bw’icyumba
• Ibirayi byatetse bifunzwe mu papye hanyuma bigasigara mu bushyuhe bw’icyumba
• Ibikomere byanduye, cyane cyane aho binjizwamo imiti

Uburyo bwo guteka mu nganda busanzwe butekanye kuko bukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ibipimo by’aside bikwiye bishobora kwica bakteriya n’imisemburo. Icyago gishobora kubaho mu guteka ibiryo mu rugo iyo uburyo bukwiye budakurikizwa.

Ni byiza kuzirikana ko imisemburo y’ibyorezo ikomeye cyane kandi ishobora kubaho mu mazi abira. Ariko, uburozi ubwo bwonyine burasenyuka iyo bushyuheshwe mu bushyuhe bwinshi iminota myinshi.

Ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera uburozi bwa botulism?

Ugomba gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse bw’ubuhanga ako kanya niba wowe cyangwa umuntu muzi agaragaza ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza uburozi bwa botulism. Iyi ni ubutabazi bw’ubuvuzi bukenera kuvurwa vuba.

Hamagara 911 cyangwa ujye mu bitaro byihuse niba ubona ibi bimenyetso byo kuburira:

• Kugira ikibazo cy’umwijima cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri mu buryo butunguranye
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kuvuga cyangwa kwishima
• Kugira intege nke z’imitsi zikwirakwira mu mubiri wawe
• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Amaso agwa hasi hamwe n’ibindi bimenyetso

Ntutegereze kureba niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ubwabyo. Botulism ishobora gutera imbere vuba, kandi kuvurwa hakiri kare hakoreshejwe antitoxin bishobora kubuza iyi ndwara kuba mbi.

Niba ukekako warye ibiryo byanduye, shaka ubuvuzi nubwo ibimenyetso bitaragaragara. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba ukeneye kuvurwa no gukurikirana ibimenyetso by’indwara.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara botulism?

Uburyo n’ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara botulism. Kumenya ibi bintu byongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda.

Ibyago byawe bishobora kuba byinshi niba ukora ibi bikorwa buri gihe:

• Gukora ibiryo byo mu rugo utabikurikije amabwiriza y’umutekano
• Kurya ibiryo byo mu rugo byavuye mu bavugwa
• Kurya tungurusumu idapfunyitse neza mu mavuta
• Gukoresha imiti iterwa mu mubiri, cyane cyane heroin y’umukara
• Kugira ibikomere byanduye

Abana bari munsi y’amezi 12 bafite ibyago byihariye. Uburyo bwabo bw’igogorwa ntibumaze gukura ngo bukumire imisemburo ya botulism gukura, niyo mpamvu ubuki n’isukari y’ibigori bitagomba guhabwa abana bakiri bato.

Aho umuntu aba ashobora kugira uruhare. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe hari ubwiyongere bw’imbuto za botulism mu butaka, ibyo bikaba bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura botulism cyangwa kwandura ibiryo bikomoka mu gihugu.

Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi gato, nubwo botulism ishobora kwibasira umuntu uwo ari we wese utabayeho neza.

Ibibazo bishobora guterwa na botulism ni ibihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bakira neza botulism bafashijwe neza, iyi ndwara ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye, cyane cyane iyo ivuriwe nyuma y’igihe. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bibazo bishobora kubaho bigaragaza impamvu kwitabaza muganga vuba ari ingenzi.

Ikibazo gikomeye kandi gihita kibaho ni ukubura umwuka. Uko uburozi bujegajega imitsi yo guhumeka, ushobora gukenera imashini igufasha guhumeka kugeza ubwo uburozi buvuye mu mubiri wawe.

Ibindi bibazo bishobora kubaho birimo:

• Intege nke y’imitsi iramara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima ibiryo bisaba ko umuntu afashwa kurya
• Ibibazo byo kuvuga bishobora gukomeza mu gihe cyo gukira
• Pneumonia iterwa no kwinjira kw’ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa mu bihaha
• Ibibazo by’amaraso bitewe no kutajya hato
• Ingaruka zo mu mutwe ziterwa n’igihe kirekire cyo gukira

Inkuru nziza ni uko, hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, ibibazo byinshi bishobora kuvurwa neza. Abantu benshi barakira neza, nubwo bishobora gutwara amezi menshi kugira ngo imbaraga z’imitsi zigaruke nk’uko byari bimeze.

Bamwe bashobora kumva umunaniro n’intege nke kugeza ku mwaka nyuma y’indwara yabo, ariko ubumuga buhoraho bwa botulism ni gake cyane iyo ubuvuzi buhawe vuba.

Botulism ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Inkuru nziza kuri botulism ni uko ishobora kwirindwa mu buryo bugaragara binyuze mu gukoresha neza ibiryo no kwita ku isuku yabyo. Gukora neza ingamba zisabwa bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura.

Dore uburyo bunoze bwo kwirinda indwara ziterwa n’ibiribwa bibi:

• Koresha amababi y’ibiryo byuzuye kandi ukoreshe uburyo bukwiye bwo kubika ibiryo mumacupa
• Komereza ibiryo biri mumacupa ahantu hakonje kandi humye, kandi ujye ugenzura niba hari amacupa yavunitse, asohotsemo ibintu cyangwa yangiritse
• Fite mu gikombe icyayi cy’umunyu n’amavuta, kandi ukibye mu gihe kitarenze icyumweru
• Ntuzigere uha umwana uri munsi y’amezi 12 ubuki
• Fite ibishyimbo byabitswe mu gikombe nyuma yo kubiteka niba utari bubye vuba
• Shyushya ibiryo byabitswe mumacupa mu gihe cy’iminota 10 mbere yo kubirya

Ku bijyanye no kuvura ibikomere, komeza ibikomere byose n’imvune byiza kandi ubishyireho ibenda. Shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga ku bikomere bigaragaza ibimenyetso by’indwara, nko gutukura, ubushyuhe, kubyimbagira, cyangwa ibintu bidasanzwe bisohotse.

Niba ukoresha imiti iterwa mu mubiri, gukoresha inshinge zizahaza no kwirinda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu muhanda nka heroin y’umukara bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura indwara ya botulism iterwa n’ibikomere.

Gira icyizere icyo umubiri wawe ukubwira ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’ibiryo. Niba ikintu kigaragaye, kigira impumuro, cyangwa kiryoshye nabi, ntukirye. Niba uhangayitse, ujye ubishyira hanze.

Botulism imenyekana ite?

Kumenya indwara ya botulism bisaba gusuzuma neza ibimenyetso byawe n’amateka yawe y’ubuzima, hamwe n’ibizamini byihariye bya laboratwari. Muganga wawe azatangira akubaza ibibazo birambuye ku byo warize n’ibikorwa byawe bya vuba.

Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe butangira hakozwe isuzuma ry’umubiri ryuzuye. Muganga wawe azapima imbaraga z’imikaya yawe, imikorere y’imitsi, n’imikorere y’amaso kugira ngo arebe imiterere y’intege nke iterwa na botulism.

Hari ibizamini byinshi bishobora gufasha kwemeza uburwayi:

• Ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo hamenyekane uburozi bwa botulism
• Ibisubizo by’amatembabuzi kugira ngo harebwe udukoko cyangwa uburozi
• Gupima ibiryo bikekwa
• Electromyography (EMG) kugira ngo hapima ibikorwa by’imikaya n’imitsi
• Gukora lumbar puncture kugira ngo hakurikiranwe izindi ndwara z’imitsi

Gusubiza ibizamini byo muri laboratwari bishobora gufata iminsi myinshi, bityo muganga wawe ashobora gutangira kuvura hagendewe ku bimenyetso byawe n’uko ugaragara kurusha gutegereza ibisubizo by’ibizamini.

Itsinda ry’abaganga bawe rizagerageza kandi kumenya aho wahuye n’icyo cyorezo. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo gupima ibiryo bisigaye, gusuzuma ibikomere, cyangwa gusuzuma izindi nkomoko zishoboka hagendewe ku bikorwa byawe bya vuba.

Ubuvuzi bw’indwara ya botulism ni bwoki?

Ubuvuzi bw’indwara ya botulism bugamije gushyigikira umubiri wawe mu gihe uburozi buva gahoro gahoro mu mubiri wawe no gutanga imiti igabanya uburozi kugira ngo hirindwe ibindi byangiza. Uko kuvura gutangira vuba, ni ko amahirwe yo gukira burundu aba menshi.

Ubuvuzi nyamukuru ni imiti igabanya uburozi bwa botulism, ishobora kubuza uburozi gukomeza kwangiza imiyoboro y’imbere. Ariko rero, ntishobora gusubiza inyuma ibyangiritse, niyo mpamvu kuvura hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane.

Ubuvuzi bwawe bushobora kuba burimo:

• Imiti igabanya uburozi bwa botulism iterwa mu mitsi kugira ngo igabanye uburozi buri mu mubiri
• Guhumeka hakoreshejwe imashini niba imitsi yo guhumeka yarahungabanye
• Imisomyi y’ibiryo niba guhumeka bigoye
• Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri kugira ngo ubushobozi bw’imitsi busigare
• Imiti yo guhangana n’ingaruka nk’indwara
• Gusukura ibikomere n’imiti yo kurwanya udukoko ku bikomere byatewe na botulism

Ku bana bato bafite botulism, abaganga bakoresha imiti yihariye igabanya uburozi yitwa Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (BIG-IV) yagenewe abana.

Gukira bisanzwe bigenda buhoro ariko neza. Abantu benshi bakenera ibyumweru byinshi cyangwa amezi mu bitaro, bakurikirwa n’ubuvuzi bw’igihe kirekire. Uburozi buracicika gahoro gahoro, kandi imiyoboro y’imbere irasana gahoro gahoro.

Nigute wakwitwara mu rugo mu gihe cyo gukira?

Kwita ku rugo mu gihe cyo gukira botulism bigamije gushyigikira gukira kwawe no gukumira ingaruka mu gihe imbaraga zawe zigaruka gahoro gahoro. Iyi ntambwe isaba kwihangana, kuko gukira bishobora gufata amezi menshi.

Iyo umaze gukira ukave mu bitaro, gahunda yawe yo kwitaho mu rugo igomba kuba irimo imyitozo ngororamubiri ikorwa buri gihe kugira ngo ukomeze imbaraga z’imikaya kandi wirinda kugira amagufwa akakaye. Umuganga wawe azakwigisha imyitozo ikorwa mu buryo butagutera akaga, ijyanye n’ubushobozi bwawe ubu.

Ibintu by’ingenzi mu gukira mu rugo birimo:

• Kuryana indyo ikwiriye nk’uko umuganga ushinzwe kuvura indwara z’uruhu yabigutegetse
• Guta imiti ukurikije uko yagutegetswe
• Kwitabira ibizami byose byo gukurikirana
• Kuryama bihagije ariko ukaguma ukora imyitozo mu buryo butagutera akaga
• Kurya ibiryo biringaniye kugira ngo ugire imbaraga zo gukira
• Kwirinda ibimenyetso by’ingorane

Kwirinda ibimenyetso by’uburwayi bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa, nko kugorana guhumeka, kugira intege nke, ibimenyetso by’indwara cyangwa ibibazo byo kwishima bigushyira mu kaga ko guhumeka nabi.

Abantu benshi basanga gukira ari ibintu bigenda bigorana. Hari iminsi wumva ufite imbaraga, mu gihe hari izindi zishobora kuba zikugora. Ibi ni ibisanzwe, kandi gutera imbere buhoro buhoro ni bwo buryo busanzwe.

Wategura gute uruzinduko kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi bukwiye. Kugira amakuru arambuye bitegura bizafasha muganga wawe kumva vuba uko umeze.

Mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe, andika ibyo wibuka byose ku biribwa uheruka kurya, cyane cyane mu cyumweru gishize. Harimo ibiryo byateguwe mu rugo, ibiryo byo muri resitora, n’ibindi byose byari bifite impumuro idasanzwe.

Zana aya makuru y’ingenzi:

• Igihe nyacyo cy’itangira ry’ibimenyetso n’uburyo byagiye bikura
• Urutonde rw’ibiribwa byose byaribwe mu minsi 7-10 ishize
• Ibiribwa byose bikekwaho kuba byaranduye, harimo n’ibikoresho byabyo cyangwa ibisigaye
• Imiti iriko ikoreshwa n’uburwayi buriho
• Imvune, ibyo kubagwa, cyangwa ubuvuzi bwakozwe vuba aha
• Amakuru y’abantu babanye ibyo biribwa

Niba bishoboka, uzane ibyo biribwa bikekwaho cyangwa ubibike kugira ngo bipimwe. Ntujye ubikuraho ibiryo bishobora kuba byanduye, kuko kubipima bishobora gufasha kwemeza indwara no kurinda abandi.

Andika ibibazo byawe mbere, kuko ushobora kumva uhangayitse mu gihe cy’isuzumwa. Baza ibyerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura, igihe cyo gukira, n’ibimenyetso byo kwitondera iwawe.

Ni iki gikuru cyo kuzirikana kuri botulism?

Botulism ni indwara ikomeye ariko ivurwa, kandi mu buryo bwinshi irindwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwiza bwo kubika ibiryo. Nubwo bishobora gutera ubwoba kubitekerezaho, gusobanukirwa ibintu bishobora kugufasha kuguma mu mutekano no kumenya igihe cyo gushaka ubufasha.

Ikintu gikomeye cyo kuzirikana ni uko botulism ari ubutabazi bw’ubuvuzi busaba kuvurwa vuba. Niba ubona ibimenyetso nko kubona ibintu bibiri, kugorana kw’umunwa, cyangwa kugenda kw’intege nke z’imitsi, ntuzategereze gushaka ubuvuzi.

Kwiringira bikomeza kuba uburinzi bwawe bwiza. Gukurikiza amabwiriza meza yo kubika ibiryo, uburyo bwiza bwo kubika ibiryo mu bidende, no kwita neza ku kibyimba bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura.

Hamwe no kuvurwa vuba, abantu benshi barakira neza botulism, nubwo bisaba igihe n’ubwitonzi. Ingaruka z’uburozi ni igihe gito, kandi imbaraga zawe zizagaruka buhoro buhoro uko imitsi yawe ikira.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho kuri botulism

Wabona botulism mu biribwa byo mu maduka?

Botulism iterwa n’ibiribwa byapfunywe mu nganda ni gake cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere. Uburyo bwo gufata ibiryo mu nganda bukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi n’igipimo cyiza cy’uburyohe bituma bakuraho mikorobe ya botulism n’imbuto zayo. Igice kinini cy’abarwaye botulism babiterwa n’ibiryo byapfunywe mu rugo cyangwa ibindi biryo byakozwe mu rugo aho hatakurikijwe amabwiriza y’umutekano.

Bisaba igihe kingana iki gukira botulism?

Gukira botulism bisaba amezi menshi. Abantu benshi bamara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi mu bitaro, bakurikirwa n’ubuvuzi bw’igihe kirekire mu rugo. Imbara y’imikaya yawe izagaruka buhoro buhoro uko uburozi buva mu mubiri wawe kandi imitsi yawe igakira. Bamwe bashobora kumva umunaniro muke cyangwa intege nke kugeza ku mwaka, ariko abenshi barakira neza bafashijwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Botulism yandura mu bantu?

Oya, botulism ntirashobora gukwirakwira mu bantu binyuze mu guhura bisanzwe, guhumeka, cyangwa gukoraho. Ushobora kwandura botulism gusa iyo uhura n'uburozi bwa botulism ubwayo, akenshi binyuze mu biribwa byanduye, ibikomere byanduye, cyangwa mu bihe bitoroshye, guhumeka. Abagize umuryango bashobora kwandura gusa niba bahuye n'isoko imwe yanduye.

Guteka ibiryo bishobora kwica uburozi bwa botulism?

Yego, guteka ibiryo ku bushyuhe bwo kubira (212°F cyangwa 100°C) iminota 10 bishobora kurimbura uburozi bwa botulism. Ariko, ibi ntibyica imisemburo y'ibinyabuzima bikomeye cyane bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe burenze. Niyo mpamvu uburyo bukwiye bwo kubika ibiryo bukoresha igitutu n'ubushyuhe bwinshi ari ngombwa kugira ngo wirinde botulism.

Kuki abana bato badakwiye kurya ubuki kubera ibyago bya botulism?

Ubuki bushobora kuba bubamo imisemburo ya botulism idakora nabi ku bana bakuru n'abakuze kuko imiyoboro yacu y'igogorwa imaze gukura ibuza iyo misemburo gukura. Ariko kandi, abana bari munsi y'amezi 12 bafite imiyoboro y'igogorwa itaratera, idashobora kubuza iyo misemburo gutera imbere, gukura, no gutanga uburozi mu mara yabo. Ibi bishobora gutera botulism ku bana bato, niyo mpamvu ubuki budakwiye guhabwa abana bari munsi y'umwaka umwe.