Ese Cancer yo mu Murenda ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Cancer yo mu murenda ibaho iyo uturemangingo two mu mubiri w’umurenda dutangiye gukura mu buryo budasanzwe maze bigakora udukoko. Ni imwe mu ndwara za kanseri zikunze kugaragara, ariko ibi bikurikira bishobora kukuhumuriza: ubuvuzi bwarateye imbere cyane, kandi abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Nubwo ijambo “cancer” rishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa icyo uhura na cyo bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite ububasha. Cancer yo mu murenda si indwara imwe gusa-ahubwo ni itsinda ry’ibibazo bitandukanye byose bitangira mu mubiri w’umurenda, kandi buri bwoko bwifashisha ubuvuzi butandukanye.

Ese Cancer yo mu Murenda ni iki?

Cancer yo mu murenda itera iyo uturemangingo dusanzwe tw’umurenda dutangiye kwisiga mu buryo budakurikije uko bisanzwe bikura. Aya turemangingo adasanzwe ashobora gukora udukoko cyangwa imikoko ushobora kumva ubwayo mu gihe ugerageza kwisuzuma cyangwa bikagaragara mu bipimo by’abaganga.

Urubuga rw’umurenda rurimo inzira z’amata, amabere (ibice bikora amata), umubiri w’amavuta, n’inzira z’amaraso. Cancer ishobora gutangira muri ibyo bice byose, niyo mpamvu hari ubwoko butandukanye bufite imico itandukanye n’uburyo bwo kuvurwa.

Inkuru nziza ni uko cancer yo mu murenda iboneka hakiri kare ikunze kugira ingaruka nziza zo kuvurwa. Abantu benshi bakira ubuvuzi kandi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze imyaka myinshi nyuma yaho.

Ibimenyetso bya Cancer yo mu Murenda ni ibihe?

Kumenya ibimenyetso bishoboka hakiri kare bishobora kugira uruhare mu buryo bwo kuvurwa no mu ngaruka. Umubiri wawe ukunze kuguha ibimenyetso iyo hari ikintu gikenewe kuvurwa, kandi kumenya ibyo bihinduka bigufasha kwita ku buzima bwawe.

Dore ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ugomba kwitondera:

• Udukoko cyangwa ikintu gishya cyiyongereye mu murenda wawe cyangwa munsi y’umukono
• Impinduka mu bunini bw’umurenda, isura, cyangwa imiterere
• Urubuga cyangwa uburyo bw’uruhu rw’umurenda
• Amata ava mu munwa (atari amata y’ibere)
• Munwa uhindukira imbere mu gihe utari uhindukiye mbere
• Urubuga, uruhu rw’umurenda cyangwa munwa
• Kubabara umurenda cyangwa munwa bikomeye

Wibuke ko impinduka nyinshi z’umurenda atari cancer-ibintu nko guhinduka kw’imisemburo, imikoko, cyangwa indwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk’ibyo. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukugisha inama umuganga wawe ku mpinduka zikomeye kugira ngo umenye icyo uhura na cyo.

Ubwoko bwa Cancer yo mu Murenda ni ubuhe?

Cancer yo mu murenda ifite uburyo butandukanye, kandi gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwawe bw’umwihariko bifasha itsinda ry’abaganga bawe gutegura gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikubereye.

Ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru ni:

• Ductal carcinoma: Itangira mu nzira z’amata kandi igize hafi 80% ya cancer yo mu murenda
• Lobular carcinoma: Itangira mu mabere akora amata kandi igize hafi 10-15% by’ibibazo

Umuganga wawe azamenya kandi niba cancer yawe ari iyateye imbere (yageze ahandi uretse aho yatangiye) cyangwa itateye imbere (iri mu gice cyayo cya mbere). Cancer itateye imbere, izwi kandi nka “in situ,” ikunze kuvurwa neza kuko itarageze mu mubiri uri hafi.

Ubwoko bumwe buke cyane burimo cancer yo mu murenda itera umuriro, cancer yo mu murenda ya triple-negative, na cancer yo mu murenda ya HER2-positive. Buri bwoko bufite imico yihariye igira ingaruka ku cyemezo cy’ubuvuzi, ariko itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga bazakuyobora mu gusobanukirwa icyo ubuvuzi bwawe busobanura.

Ese Cancer yo mu Murenda iterwa n’iki?

Igisubizo cy’ukuri ni uko cancer yo mu murenda iterwa n’ivanguranyiro ry’ibintu byinshi, kandi mu bihe byinshi, nta mpamvu imwe isobanutse. Ibi bishobora gutera agahinda iyo ushaka ibisubizo, ariko gusobanukirwa ibintu bigira uruhare bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza ku buzima bwawe.

Ibintu by’ingenzi bishobora kongera ibyago birimo:

• Imyaka: Ibyago byiyongera uko ugenda ukura, aho ibimenyetso byinshi bibaho nyuma y’imyaka 50
• Amateka y’umuryango: Kugira abavandimwe ba hafi bafite cancer yo mu murenda cyangwa cancer yo mu gihagararo
• Impinduka za gene: Impinduka zirakomoka mu mpande za gene nka BRCA1 na BRCA2
• Imiterere y’imisemburo: Igihe kirekire cyo kwibasirwa na estrogen binyuze mu gihe cy’imihango ya mbere, menopause ya nyuma, cyangwa hormone therapy
• Amateka yo kubyara: Kudasama kubyara cyangwa gusama umwana wa mbere nyuma y’imyaka 30
• Imibereho: Kunywa inzoga, kuba ufite ibiro byinshi nyuma ya menopause, no kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri

Dore icyo ari ingenzi kwibuka: kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira cancer yo mu murenda, kandi abantu benshi bafite ibyago byinshi ntibabona iyo ndwara. Icyakora, bamwe mu bantu badafite ibyago bizwi barayibona.

Zimwe mu mpamvu z’akataraboneka harimo kwibasirwa n’imirasire mu gice cy’ibere mu bwana cyangwa mu buto, na syndromes zimwe na zimwe z’imiterere ya gene uretse BRCA, nka Li-Fraumeni syndrome cyangwa Cowden syndrome.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona umuganga kubera impungenge za cancer yo mu murenda?

Ugomba kuvugana n’umuganga wawe niba ubona impinduka zikomeye mu bireba byawe bikomeza igihe kirekire kurusha imihango imwe. Izera icyo umubiri wawe ukubwira-umenya umubiri wawe kurusha undi muntu wese.

Shaka ubuvuzi vuba kubimenyetso bikurikira:

• Udukoko cyangwa igice cyiyongereye cyumva kitandukanye n’ibindi bice by’umubiri wawe
• Impinduka z’umurenda zidakira nyuma y’imihango yawe
• Amata ava mu munwa adakozwe no gukanda, cyane cyane niba ari amaraso
• Impinduka zitunguranye mu bunini cyangwa isura y’umurenda
• Impinduka z’uruhu nko kubura uruhu, kubyimba, cyangwa imiterere y’ubururu
• Kubabara bikomeye mu gice kimwe cy’umurenda wawe

Ntugatege amatwi cyangwa witege ko impinduka zizakira ubwazo. Kumenya hakiri kare biguha uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvurwa n’amahirwe meza yo kugira ingaruka nziza. Umuganga wawe yakwishimira cyane gusuzuma ikintu kigaragara ko kitari cyiza kuruta gutakaza ikintu gikomeye.

Ibyago bya Cancer yo mu Murenda ni ibihe?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe byihariye bishobora kugufasha wowe n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga gufata ibyemezo byiza ku bijyanye no kwisuzuma no kwirinda. Hari ibintu udashobora guhindura, mu gihe ibindi ushobora kubigiraho ingaruka binyuze mu migenzereze.

Ibintu udashobora guhindura:

• Kuba umugore: Abagore bafite amahirwe menshi yo kugira cancer yo mu murenda kurusha abagabo
• Imyaka iriyongera: Hafi 80% ya cancer yo mu murenda iba mu bagore barengeje imyaka 50
• Impinduka za gene: BRCA1, BRCA2, n’izindi mpinduka za gene zirakomoka
• Amateka y’umuryango: Kugira nyina, mushiki wabo, cyangwa umukobwa ufite cancer yo mu murenda bikubira ibyago bibiri
• Amateka yihariye: Cancer yo mu murenda yabanje cyangwa ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe byiza by’umurenda
• Amateka y’imihango: Gutangira imihango mbere y’imyaka 12 cyangwa menopause nyuma y’imyaka 55
• Urubuga rw’umurenda rukomeye: Bituma cancer igaragara nabi kandi yongera ibyago gato

Ibintu ushobora kugiraho ingaruka:

• Kunyw inzoga: Ndetse n’utudodo duto bishobora kongera ibyago
• Uruhare: Kuba ufite ibiro byinshi cyangwa ibiro byinshi nyuma ya menopause
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Imyitozo ngororamubiri isanzwe ishobora kugabanya ibyago
• Hormone therapy: Gukoresha hormone replacement therapy igihe kirekire
• Guhitamo kubyara: Kudasama kubyara cyangwa gusama umwana wa mbere nyuma y’imyaka 30

Ibyago bidafite akamaro harimo kwibasirwa n’imirasire mu gice cy’ibere mu bwana, kwibasirwa na DES (diethylstilbestrol) mbere yo kuvuka, na syndromes zimwe na zimwe za gene nka Li-Fraumeni cyangwa Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Cancer yo mu Murenda ni izihe?

Nubwo gutekereza ku ngaruka bishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa ibibazo bishoboka bigufasha kwitegura no gukorana n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga kugira ngo ubirinde cyangwa ubigenzure neza. Ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa kuvurwa neza iyo zimenyekanye hakiri kare.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kuba:

• Lymphedema: Kubyimba mu kuboko cyangwa mu kiganza niba inzira z’amaraso zikurwaho cyangwa zangirika
• Ingaruka z’ubuvuzi: Kwumva unaniwe, isereri, cyangwa impinduka mu isura biterwa na chemotherapy cyangwa radiation
• Ibibazo by’amarangamutima: Ubwoba, agahinda, cyangwa gutinya ejo hazaza
• Ibibazo byo kubyara: Ubuvuzi bumwe bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo kubyara
• Ibibazo by’amagufwa: Ubuvuzi bumwe bushobora kugira ingaruka ku magufwa mu gihe kirekire
• Ibibazo by’umutima: Imiti imwe ya chemotherapy ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umutima

Ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kuba harimo cancer ikwirakwira mu bindi bice by’umubiri wawe (metastasis), ariko ibi bibaho gake iyo cancer iboneka kandi ivuwe hakiri kare. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rikugenzura hafi kugira ngo ribone kandi rikemure ibibazo vuba.

Ingaruka zidafite akamaro zishobora kuba harimo allergie zikomeye ku buvuzi, amaraso, cyangwa cancer yindi iterwa n’ubuvuzi. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga bazakuganira ku byago byawe byihariye kandi bafate ingamba zo kugabanya ibyo bishoboka.

Ese Cancer yo mu Murenda ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda cancer yo mu murenda burundu, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago byayo no kumenya impinduka zose hakiri kare iyo ubuvuzi bufite ingaruka nziza.

Ingamba zo kwitwara mu buzima zishobora gufasha:

• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri: Gerageza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihagije buri cyumweru
• Kugira ibiro byiza: By’umwihariko nyuma ya menopause
• Kugabanya inzoga: Ndetse n’utudodo duto bishobora kongera ibyago, rero tekereza kugabanya cyangwa kwirinda inzoga
• Konsa niba bishoboka: Konsa mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe cyangwa arenga bishobora kugabanya ibyago
• Kwima hormone therapy idakenewe: Ganira n’umuganga wawe niba ukeneye imiti yo kuvura ibimenyetso bya menopause
• Kurya indyo yuzuye: Fata imbuto, imboga, n’ibinyampeke byuzuye

Kubagore bafite ibyago byinshi cyane bitewe n’impinduka za gene cyangwa amateka y’umuryango akomeye, ingamba zo kwirinda zishobora kuba harimo kwisuzuma kenshi, imiti nka tamoxifen, cyangwa mu bihe bidafite akamaro, kubaga kwirinda. Ibyo byemezo ni ibyihariye kandi bisaba ibiganiro byimbitse n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga.

Kwipimisha buri gihe binyuze muri mammograms n’ibipimo by’umurenda bikomeza kuba imwe mu nzira zikomeye zo kumenya cancer yo mu murenda hakiri kare iyo ingaruka zo kuvurwa ari nziza.

Ese Cancer yo mu Murenda imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya cancer yo mu murenda bisanzwe bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi, kandi itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizakuyobora buri ntambwe witonze. Uburyo bwo kumenya bugamije kuguha wowe n’abaganga bawe ishusho yuzuye.

Uburyo bwo kumenya busanzwe bukurikira iyi nzira:

1. Isuzuma ry’umurenda: Umuganga wawe yumva udukoko cyangwa impinduka mu murenda wawe n’inzira z’amaraso
2. Ibisubizo by’amashusho: Mammography, ultrasound, cyangwa MRI kugira ngo ubone amashusho yuzuye
3. Biopsy: Gukuraho igice gito cy’umubiri kugira ngo ucyigenzure munsi ya microscope
4. Ibisubizo byongeyeho: Niba cancer iboneka, ibizamini byongeyeho bizamenya ubwoko n’icyiciro

Biopsy niyo nzira yonyine yo kumenya neza cancer yo mu murenda. Gutegereza ibisubizo bishobora gutera impungenge, ariko wibuke ko biopsy nyinshi zigaragaza ibintu bitari cancer.

Niba cancer yemewe, itsinda ryawe rizakora ibizamini byongeyeho kugira ngo risobanukirwe ubwoko bwawe bw’umwihariko bwa cancer, harimo ibizamini by’imisemburo, ibizamini bya HER2, n’ibizamini bya gene by’udukoko. Aya makuru afasha gutegura gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi yihariye.

Ubuvuzi bwa Cancer yo mu Murenda ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa cancer yo mu murenda bwarateye imbere cyane, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura ubu bugenewe kandi bufite akamaro kurusha ikindi gihe. Gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi izahariwe ubwoko bwawe bwa cancer, icyiciro cyayo, n’ubuzima bwawe bwite.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura burimo:

• Kubaga: Lumpectomy (gukuraho udukoko) cyangwa mastectomy (gukuraho umurenda)
• Chemotherapy: Imiti igabanya uturemangingo twa cancer mu mubiri wawe wose
• Radiation therapy: Imirasire ikomeye iharira uturemangingo twa cancer dushigaje
• Hormone therapy: Ihagarika imisemburo ituma cancer yo mu murenda imwe ikura
• Targeted therapy: Imiti igaba ku bintu byihariye by’uturemangingo twa cancer
• Immunotherapy: Ifasha umubiri wawe guhangana na cancer

Abantu benshi bakira ubuvuzi butandukanye. Urugero, ushobora kubagwa ukakurikirwa na chemotherapy na radiation. Ukurikirana n’ivanguranyiro biterwa n’umwanya wawe wihariye.

Ubuvuzi bushya bukomeza kuvuka, harimo uburyo bwo kuvura bugenewe umuntu hashingiwe ku miterere ya gene y’udukoko. Igeragezwa rya kliniki rishobora kandi gutanga uburyo bwo kuvura bugezweho butaraboneka cyane.

Uko wavura cancer yo mu murenda mu rugo

Kwita ku buzima bwawe mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi ni ingenzi kimwe n’ubuvuzi bw’abaganga. Ibikorwa bito bya buri munsi bishobora kugufasha kumva umeze neza no gufasha umubiri wawe gukira.

Ingamba zo kwita ku buzima mu rugo:

• Iruhukira iyo ukeneye: Rinda umubiri wawe kandi ntukomeze gukora iyo unaniwe cyane
• Kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri: Fata amaprotéines, imbuto, n’imboga kugira ngo ufashe umubiri wawe gukira
• Kunywa amazi ahagije: Nywa amazi menshi, cyane cyane mu gihe cya chemotherapy
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri yoroheje: Kugenda gato cyangwa kwicara gato bishobora kongera imbaraga n’ibyishimo
• Kugira ingaruka: Korana n’itsinda ryawe kugira ngo ubone uko uvura isereri, ububabare, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso
• Kugumana ahantu hakeye: Kugabanya ibyago by’indwara iyo umubiri wawe udashoboye kurwana

Kwita ku marangamutima na byo ni ingenzi. Tekereza kwinjira mu matsinda y’ubufasha, gukora imyitozo yo kuruhuka, cyangwa gukorana n’umujyanama w’inzobere mu kuvura cancer. Abantu benshi basanga kugumana n’inshuti n’umuryango bifasha kugumana ubuzima busanzwe.

Ntutinye gusaba ubufasha mu bikorwa bya buri munsi nko kugura ibiryo, gutegura ibiryo, cyangwa imirimo yo mu rugo. Kwemera ubufasha bw’abandi si ikimenyetso cy’intege nke-ni uburyo bwiza bwo kubika imbaraga zawe kugira ngo ukire.

Uko wakwitegura uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga

Kwitegura uruzinduko rwawe bishobora kugufasha kubona ibyiza byinshi mu gihe cyawe n’umuganga wawe kandi bikabuza impungenge zawe zose gukemuka. Kwitegura gato bishobora gutuma wumva ufite icyizere kandi ufite ububasha.

Mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe, kora ibi bikurikira:

• Amateka yuzuye y’ubuzima: Harimo ibibazo by’umurenda byabanje, kubagwa, n’amateka ya cancer yo mu muryango
• Imiti ukoresha ubu: Andika imiti yose, ibinyobwa, n’imiti igurwa mu maduka
• Igihe cy’ibimenyetso: Andika igihe wabonye impinduka bwa mbere n’uko byagiye bikura
• Ibisubizo by’ibizamini byabanje: Zana mammograms, ultrasounds, cyangwa ibindi byanditswe bijyanye
• Amakuru y’ubwisungane: Suzuma ubwishingizi ku bizamini cyangwa ibyakorwa byateganijwe

Andika ibibazo byawe mbere. Ibintu by’ingenzi bishobora kuba harimo gusobanukirwa ubuvuzi bwawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, ingaruka ziteganijwe, n’uko ubuvuzi bushobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Ntukabe umuntu ubaza ibibazo byinshi-itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rishaka ko wumva ufite amakuru ahagije.

Tekereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuryango w’umuntu ukunda. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru no gutanga ubufasha mu gihe cy’ikiganiro gishobora kuba kigoye.

Icyo ari ingenzi kwibuka kuri Cancer yo mu Murenda

Ikintu cy’ingenzi kwibuka ni uko ubuvuzi bwa cancer yo mu murenda bwarateye imbere cyane, kandi abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze nyuma yo kuvurwa. Kumenya hakiri kare no gutera imbere mu buvuzi bugenewe umuntu biguha ingaruka nziza zishoboka.

Nubwo kumenya cancer yo mu murenda bishobora gutera ubwoba, nturi wenyine muri uru rugendo. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga, ubufasha, n’imbaraga zawe z’imbere bizakuyobora mu buvuzi no mu gukira.

Komeza kwita ku buzima bwawe binyuze mu kwisuzuma buri gihe, mammograms, no kugira imibereho myiza. Izera icyo umubiri wawe ukubwira, kandi ntutinye gushaka ubuvuzi iyo hari ikintu kidakubereye.

Wibuke ko uburambe bwa buri muntu kuri cancer yo mu murenda butandukanye. Fata urugendo rwawe, korana n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga, kandi ufate ibintu intambwe ku yindi. Hamwe n’ubuvuzi n’ubufasha by’ubu, hari impamvu yo kwiringira ejo hazaza hawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri Cancer yo mu Murenda

Q1: Ese abagabo bashobora kugira cancer yo mu murenda?

Yego, abagabo bashobora kugira cancer yo mu murenda, nubwo ari gake kurusha abagore. Abagabo bafite umubiri w’umurenda, kandi nubwo bakora estrogen nke cyane, barashobora kugira cancer yo mu murenda. Cancer yo mu murenda ku bagabo ikunze kugaragara nk’udukoko hafi y’umunwa kandi ikwiye kwisuzumwa vuba na muganga.

Q2: Ni kangahe nkwiye gukora mammograms?

Ubuyobozi bwinshi burasuzuma mammograms buri mwaka uhereye ku myaka 40, nubwo bamwe basaba gutangira ku myaka 50. Niba ufite ibyago byinshi nko kuba ufite amateka y’umuryango cyangwa impinduka za gene, umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gutangira hakiri kare cyangwa gukora ibindi bipimo nka MRI. Ganira n’umuganga wawe kugira ngo umenye gahunda y’isuzuma ikubereye.

Q3: Ese kwambara bra cyangwa gukoresha deodorant biterwa na cancer yo mu murenda?

Oya, nta gihamya ya siyansi igaragaza ko kwambara bra cyangwa gukoresha antiperspirants na deodorants byongera ibyago bya cancer yo mu murenda. Ibi ni ibinyoma bisanzwe byarangije kwiga kandi bikaba byarangiye. Shyira imbaraga zawe mu ngamba zizwi zo kugabanya ibyago nko kugira ibiro byiza, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kugabanya inzoga.

Q4: Niba mfite impinduka za gene za BRCA, ese nzagira cancer yo mu murenda?

Kugira impinduka za BRCA1 cyangwa BRCA2 byongera ibyago byawe cyane, ariko ntibihamya ko uzagira cancer yo mu murenda. Abagore bafite impinduka za BRCA1 bafite ibyago byo kugira cancer yo mu murenda byo mu kigero cya 55-72%, mu gihe abafite BRCA2 bafite ibyago byo kugira cancer yo mu murenda byo mu kigero cya 45-69%. Abantu benshi bafite izi mpinduka ntibabona cancer, kandi hariho uburyo bwo kwirinda no kumenya hakiri kare.

Q5: Ese cancer yo mu murenda ishobora kugaruka nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Cancer yo mu murenda ishobora kugaruka, ariko ibyago bihinduka cyane bitewe n’ubwoko bwawe bw’umwihariko bwa cancer, icyiciro cyayo ubwo yabonekaga, n’uburyo yakiriye ubuvuzi. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizakukurikirana hafi binyuze mu gusura no gukora ibizamini buri gihe. Abantu benshi baguma badafite cancer imyaka myinshi nyuma yo kuvurwa, kandi nubwo cancer ishobora kugaruka, hariho uburyo bwo kuvura buriho.