Uburibwa n'Udukoko mu Gisaya: Ibimenyetso, Impamvu n'Ubuvuzi

Uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya ni ubwonko butari bwo busanzwe butera mu gice cy'igisaya cyangwa mu mitsi iri hafi y'akanwa. Akenshi ubu bwonko ntabwo ari bwa kanseri, ariko bushobora gutera ububabare kandi bukaba bukenera ubuvuzi.

Tekereza ku gisaya cyawe nk'akarere gakora cyane aho ubwoko butandukanye bw'imisemburo ibaho kandi ikorana. Rimwe na rimwe, uturemangingo muri aka gace turera mu buryo butari bwo, bigatuma habaho ibintu byuzuye cyangwa imifuka yuzuye amazi. Nubwo ibi bishobora gutera ubwoba, uburibwa n'udukoko byinshi mu gisaya bivurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo byafashwe hakiri kare.

Ese uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya ni iki?

Uburibwa mu gisaya ni ibintu bidasanzwe by'imisemburo bikura mu gice cy'igisaya cyo hejuru cyangwa icyo hasi. Udukoko mu gisaya ni imifuka yuzuye amazi ikura mu gice cy'igisaya cyangwa mu mitsi yacyo.

Itandukaniro nyamukuru ni uko uburibwa ari ubwonko bukomatanyije bw'uturemangingo, naho udukoko ni nk'ibinyabuzima bito byuzuye amazi cyangwa ibintu byoroshye. Byombi bishobora gukura buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka, akenshi utabimenye.

Igisaya cyawe cyane cyane kigaragara kuri ubu bwonko kuko gikora cyane mu kuruma, kuvugira no gutera inkunga amenyo yawe. Inkuru nziza ni uko hafi 90% y'uburibwa mu gisaya atari ubwa kanseri, bisobanura ko bitazakwirakwira mu zindi ngingo z'umubiri wawe.

Ni izihe ngero z'uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya?

Uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya bifite ubwoko butandukanye, buri bwoko bufite imico yabwo n'uburyo bwo kubuvura. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwabyo bishobora kugufasha kumva uriteguye iyo uganira n'abaganga.

Ubwoko busanzwe bw'uburibwa butari ubwa kanseri mu gisaya harimo:

• Ameloblastoma: Iterwa n'uturemangingo dukora amenyo kandi ikura buhoro ariko ishobora kuba nini cyane
• Odontoma: Ikubiyemo imisemburo imeze nk'amenyo, ikunze kuboneka mu bipimo bisanzwe by'amenyo
• Central giant cell granuloma: Ikubiyemo uturemangingo twinshi binini kandi ikunze kwibasira imbere y'igisaya cyo hasi
• Keratocystic odontogenic tumor: Udukoko dumeze nk'ubwonko bushobora gusubiraho ntibuvuwe neza

Udukoko dusanzwe mu gisaya harimo:

• Dentigerous cysts: Ikura ku ruziga rw'iryinyo ritavuyemo, cyane cyane ubwenge
• Radicular cysts: Ikura ku mizi y'iryinyo ripfuye cyangwa ryanduye
• Residual cysts: Isigara nyuma yo kubaga iryinyo iyo udukoko twambere tutaravuwe neza

Uburibwa bwa kanseri mu gisaya ni buke cyane ariko bukomeye. Ibi birimo osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma na squamous cell carcinoma. Ubu buribwa bukomeye busaba ubuvuzi bwihuse kandi bwihariye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya?

Uburibwa n'udukoko byinshi mu gisaya bikura mu ibanga, niyo mpamvu gusuzuma amenyo buri gihe ari ingenzi. Ushobora kutamenya ikintu cyihariye kugeza ubwo ubwonko bukura cyangwa bugatangira kugira ingaruka ku zindi ngingo.

Dore ibimenyetso ushobora kugira uko ubwo bwonko bukura:

• Kubyimbagira cyangwa ubwonko budatera ububabare mu gisaya, mu minwa cyangwa mu kanwa
• Ububabare buhoraho mu gisaya budakira
• Kubabara cyangwa kutumva neza mu minwa, mu ijosi cyangwa mu rurimi
• Amenyo adakomeye cyangwa amenyo ahindura aho ari
• Kugorana gufungura umunwa neza
• Impinduka mu buryo amenyo yawe ahura iyo urumye
• Isazi mbi ihoraho mu kanwa

Bamwe bagira impinduka nto nk'kugorana kurya ibiryo bimwe bimwe cyangwa kumva ko hari ikintu kitagenda neza mu kanwa. Gira icyo ukora kuri ibyo-umubiri wawe ukunda kumenya igihe hari ikintu cyahindutse.

Ibimenyetso bikaze ariko bikaze bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse birimo kubyimbagira vuba, ububabare bukabije, kugorana kwishima, cyangwa ubwonko ubwo aribwo bwose butemba amaraso byoroshye. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza uburwayi bukomeye busaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Ni iki gatera uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya?

Impamvu nyamukuru y'uburibwa n'udukoko byinshi mu gisaya ntisobanuwe neza, ariko abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutera iterambere ryabyo. Akenshi, ni uruhererekane rw'ibintu kuruta impamvu imwe.

Impamvu zisanzwe n'ibintu bigira uruhare harimo:

• Ibibazo by'iterambere: Ibibazo mu iterambere ry'amenyo bishobora gutera udukoko gukura ku menyo ataravuyemo
• Amazi: Amazi y'amenyo adakize ashobora gutera udukoko gukura ku mizi y'amenyo
• Ibishobe: Imvune mu gisaya cyangwa ku menyo rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera ukura kw'uturemangingo
• Ibintu by'umurage: Bamwe baragira umuco wo gukura ubwoko bumwe bw'uburibwa mu gisaya
• Ubuvuzi bw'amenyo bwakozwe mbere: Rimwe na rimwe, ibibazo bituruka ku kubaga cyangwa ku bindi bivuriro bishobora gutera udukoko gukura

Kuri benshi bafite uburibwa butari ubwa kanseri, impamvu igumye ari amayobera. Uturemangingo twawe gusa ni byo biyemeza gukura mu buryo butari bwo. Ibi ntabwo ari ikintu wakoze nabi cyangwa wari wakwirinda.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umurage nk'indwara ya nevoid basal cell carcinoma zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara ubwoko bumwe bw'udukoko mu gisaya. Ariko, uburibwa n'udukoko byinshi mu gisaya bibaho ku bantu badafite amateka y'umuryango cyangwa umuco w'umurage.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya?

Ukwiye kubona muganga cyangwa umunyamamenyo vuba ubonye impinduka zihoraho mu kanwa cyangwa mu gisaya. Kumenya hakiri kare bituma ubuvuzi bugira ingaruka nyinshi kandi budakomeye.

Tegura gahunda mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri niba ufite:

• Ubwongereza bushya cyangwa kubyimbagira bidakira nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri
• Ububabare buhoraho mu gisaya budafitanye isano n'uburwayi bw'amenyo buzwi
• Kubabara mu maso, mu minwa cyangwa mu rurimi bikomeza iminsi irenga itatu
• Amenyo adakomeye nta mpamvu isobanutse
• Impinduka mu buryo urumwa rwawe rumeze

Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba ufite kubyimbagira vuba, ububabare bukabije, kugorana kwishima, cyangwa ubwonko ubwo aribwo bwose butemba amaraso byoroshye. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza uburwayi bukomeye busaba isuzuma ryihuse.

Ntutegereze ko ibimenyetso bikomeza cyangwa wizeye ko bizakira ubwabyo. Uburwayi bwinshi bw'igisaya buroroshye kuvura iyo bumenyekanye hakiri kare, kandi amahoro yawe mu mutima agira agaciro kenshi kurusha urugendo.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya?

Nubwo uwo ari we wese ashobora kurwara uburibwa cyangwa udukoko mu gisaya, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kubirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha kwita ku buzima bwawe bw'amenyo.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byongera ibyago harimo:

• Imyaka: Udukoko twinshi mu gisaya turera hagati y'imyaka 20-40, mu gihe uburibwa bumwe na bumwe busanzwe ku bantu bakuze
• Igitsina: Abagabo bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara ubwoko bumwe bw'uburibwa mu gisaya
• Amenyo adakomeye: Amenyo y'ubwenge adakomeye byongera ibyago byo kurwara udukoko
• Kudahumura amenyo neza: Amazi adakize ashobora gutera udukoko gukura
• Imvune mu gisaya mbere: Imvune ziterwa n'impanuka cyangwa imikino ishobora gutera ukura kw'imisemburo
• Indwara z'umurage: Indwara z'umurage nk'indwara ya Gorlin zongera ibyago

Kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzabirwara. Abantu benshi bafite ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago ntibabirwara, mu gihe abandi badafite ibintu byongera ibyago babirwara.

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikaze byongera ibyago birimo kwibasirwa n'imirasire mu mutwe no mu ijosi, imiti imwe na imwe igira ingaruka ku gukura kw'amagufwa, n'indwara z'umubiri ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri butera kubyimbagira mu gisaya.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka z'uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya?

Iyo bitavuwe, uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya bishobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi zigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'amenyo n'ubuzima rusange. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka nyinshi zirindwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo harimo:

• Gutakaza amenyo: Uburibwa cyangwa udukoko bikura bishobora kwangiza imizi y'amenyo cyangwa amagufwa abatera inkunga
• Igisaya gicika: Uburibwa bunini bushobora kugabanya imbaraga z'igisaya cyawe, bigatuma gicika
• Kwibasirwa kw'imitsi: Gukanda imitsi y'imbere mu maso bishobora gutera kubabara burundu
• Amazi: Udukoko dushobora kwandura, bigatuma habaho ibibyimba bikomeye
• Ihinduka ry'isura: Uburibwa bunini bushobora guhindura isura yawe
• Kugorana kurya: Ibibazo by'igisaya bishobora gutera imbogamizi mu kuruma no kwishima

Ingaruka zikomeye ni nke ariko zishoboka. Uburibwa bumwe na bumwe butari ubwa kanseri bushobora guhinduka ubwa kanseri uko igihe gihita, nubwo ibi bibaho gake. Udukoko dukomeye kandi dushobora kubangamira ibintu by'ingenzi nk'imifuka y'izuru cyangwa ijisho.

Ingingo nyamukuru yo kwirinda ingaruka ni ukumenya hakiri kare no kuvura neza. Gusuzuma amenyo buri gihe bishobora gufata ibibazo mbere y'uko bikomeza, kandi kuvura vuba bisanzwe birinda ingaruka nyinshi gukura.

Uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya bipimwa bite?

Kumenya uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya bisanzwe bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi, bitangirira ku isuzuma rirambuye hanyuma bikagenda bigana ku isuzuma ry'amashusho. Muganga wawe azakoresha uburyo buteguye neza kugira ngo asobanukirwe neza icyabaye mu gisaya cyawe.

Uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe butangira n'umunyamamenyo wawe cyangwa muganga asuzumye akanwa kawe kandi akumva mu gisaya cyawe kugira ngo arebe ubwonko butari bwo cyangwa kubyimbagira. Azakubaza ibibazo byawe, igihe wabimenye bwa mbere, niba byahindutse uko igihe gihita.

Hanyuma, ushobora kuba ukeneye isuzuma ry'amashusho kugira ngo ubone ishusho isobanutse:

• X-rays: Igaragaza imiterere y'igisaya cyawe n'ubwonko buhari
• CT scans: Itanga amashusho arambuye y'igisaya cyawe n'imisemburo iri hafi
• MRI scans: Ifasha gutandukanya ubwoko butandukanye bw'imisemburo kandi igaragaza aho ubwonko bufitanye isano n'imitsi n'amaraso
• Panoramic X-rays: Itanga ishusho nini y'igisaya cyawe cyose n'amenyo yawe yose

Niba amashusho agaragaza uburibwa cyangwa udukoko tudasanzwe, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupima ibice by'umubiri. Ibi bikubiyemo gukuraho igice gito cy'imisemburo kugira ngo gisuzuzwe muri laboratwari. Gupima ibice by'umubiri ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kumenya neza niba ubwonko ari ubwa kanseri cyangwa atari bwo.

Rimwe na rimwe, ibizamini byongeyeho nk'amaraso cyangwa gusuzuma umurage bishobora kuba bikenewe, cyane cyane niba muganga wawe akeka uburwayi buke cyangwa indwara y'umurage.

Ubuvuzi bw'uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bw'uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya biterwa n'ubwoko, ubunini n'aho ubwonko buherereye, ndetse n'ubuzima bwawe rusange. Intego ihora ari ukukuraho ubwonko neza ubungabunze imikorere isanzwe y'igisaya.

Kuri udukoko twinshi mu gisaya, ubuvuzi bukubiyemo kubaga, bikaba ari ukukuraho udukoko. Umuganga wawe azakora umunwa muto, akamena udukoko, hanyuma akakurura uruhu rw'udukoko kugira ngo birinde gusubiraho. Ibi bisanzwe bikorwa hakoreshejwe imiti ibitera kubabara nk'ubuvuzi bw'inyuma.

Uburyo bwo kuvura uburibwa butari ubwa kanseri harimo:

• Kubaga: Gukuraho ubwonko neza hamwe n'igice cy'imisemburo ikozwe neza
• Curettage: Gukuraho imisemburo y'ubwonko, akenshi bifatanije n'ibindi bivuriro
• Cryotherapy: Gukonjesha uturemangingo tw'ubwonko kugira ngo tubangamirwe
• Gushyingura amagufwa: Kuziba ibibazo binini hamwe n'amagufwa kugira ngo wongere igisaya cyawe

Kuri uburibwa bwa kanseri, ubuvuzi burakomeye kandi bushobora kuba harimo kubaga cyane, kuvura imirasire, cyangwa chemotherapy. Uzakorana n'itsinda ry'inzobere harimo abaganga babaga, abaganga bavura kanseri, n'abaganga bakora ubuvuzi bwo gusana.

Kuvura bitandukanye bitewe n'uburyo bwakozwe, ariko abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu mirimo isanzwe mu byumweru bike. Umuganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye yo kwita ku buzima bw'umubiri mu gihe cyo gukira.

Wabigenza ute mu rugo mu gihe cyo kuvurwa?

Kwita ku buzima bwawe mu rugo nyuma yo kuvurwa uburibwa cyangwa udukoko mu gisaya bishobora kunoza gukira kwawe no kugufasha kumva utekanye. Umubiri wawe ukeneye igihe n'ibintu bikwiye kugira ngo ukire neza.

Mu minsi mike ya mbere nyuma yo kubaga, shyira imbaraga mu kuruhuka no kwita ku buzima bwawe:

• Shyiraho ubukonje kugira ngo ugabanye kubyimbagira iminota 15-20
• Fata imiti igabanya ububabare nk'uko wagendeye
• Kurya ibiryo byoroshye, bikonje nk'amata, ibinyobwa byuzuye, n'isupu
• Irinde ibiryo bishyushye, birimo ibinyonyo, cyangwa ibiryo bikomeye bishobora kubabaza
• Ryamira utwikiriye umutwe kugira ngo ugabanye kubyimbagira
• Koga buhoro buhoro amazi ashyushye n'umunyu nk'uko umuganga wawe yabigutegetse

Komeza ahantu hakozweho kubaga ari hakeye ariko ujye witonda. Umuganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye isuku y'amenyo mu gihe cyo gukira. Ubusanzwe, ntuzakora amenyo hafi y'ahantu hakozweho kubaga mu minsi mike ya mbere.

Kwirinda ibimenyetso by'ingaruka nk'amaraso menshi, ububabare bukabije budakira n'imiti, ibimenyetso by'ubwandu (umuriro, kubyimbagira bikomeye, ibyuya), cyangwa kubabara bikomeza kurushaho kurushaho kuba bibi.

Komeza unywe amazi menshi kandi ugire imirire myiza kugira ngo ufashe gukira. Niba ugira imbogamizi mu kurya bihagije kubera ububabare, tekereza ku byuzuza imirire cyangwa ibinyobwa byuzuye by'ibiryo by'igihe gito.

Wategura ute urugendo rwawe kwa muganga?

Gutegura neza urugendo rwawe kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha gufata ubuvuzi bukwiye. Gutegura gato bigira uruhare mu gutuma urugendo rwawe rugira akamaro kandi rudatera ubwoba.

Mbere y'urugendo rwawe, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uburyo byahindutse uko igihe gihita. Andika ibintu byose wabonye, nko kumenya niba ububabare burakabije mu bihe bimwe by'umunsi cyangwa niba kubyimbagira bihita bikagenda.

Kora amakuru y'ingenzi ujyane nawe:

• Urutonde rw'imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo vitamine n'ibindi byuzuza
• Amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'amenyo, harimo ibibazo by'igisaya cyangwa ubuvuzi bwabayeho mbere
• Amakuru y'ubwishingizi n'amapaji yo kwerekeza niba bikenewe
• X-rays cyangwa amashusho y'igisaya cyawe yabayeho mbere
• Urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubaza muganga wawe

Tekereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuryango wawe wizeye, cyane cyane niba uhangayikishijwe n'urugendo. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi no kugutera inkunga.

Ntukirye cyangwa unywe ikintu na kimwe niba muganga wawe yavuze ko hari ibyago byo kubabara cyangwa kubaga vuba. Baza mbere y'igihe ibyo ugomba gutegura.

Ni iki kigomba kuzirikanwa cyane ku buribwa n'udukoko mu gisaya?

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko uburibwa n'udukoko byinshi mu gisaya atari ubwa kanseri kandi bivurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo byafashwe hakiri kare. Nubwo kubona ubwonko mu gisaya bishobora gutera ubwoba, uburibwa n'udukoko byinshi muri ibi bibazo bigira ingaruka nziza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Kumenya hakiri kare ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi. Gusuzuma amenyo buri gihe, kwita ku mpinduka mu kanwa, no gushaka ubuvuzi vuba kubera ibimenyetso bihoraho bishobora gutuma ubuvuzi burushaho kuba bworoheye kandi bugira ingaruka nziza.

Nturetse ubwoba bugutera gushaka ubufasha niba ubona ikintu kidasanzwe. Ubuvuzi bugezweho bukorwa neza, kandi abantu benshi basubira mu mirimo isanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga riri aho kugufasha mu ntambwe zose z'ubuvuzi.

Ibuka ko kugira uburibwa cyangwa udukoko mu gisaya ntibigaragaza ikintu wakoze nabi. Ubu burwayi bushobora kwibasira uwo ari we wese, kandi hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, ushobora kwitega kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'amenyo n'ubuzima bwiza.

Ibibazo byakunda kubaho ku buribwa n'udukoko mu gisaya

Q1: Ese uburibwa mu gisaya buhora ari ubwa kanseri?

Oya, uburibwa bwinshi mu gisaya si ubwa kanseri. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko hafi 90% y'uburibwa mu gisaya atari ubwo kanseri kandi budakwirakwira mu zindi ngingo z'umubiri. Ariko, uburibwa n'udukoko byose mu gisaya bigomba gusuzuma muganga kugira ngo amenye neza icyo ari cyo n'uburyo bukwiye bwo kubuvura.

Q2: Ese udukoko mu gisaya dushobora gukira ubwabyo?

Udukoko mu gisaya ntidukura ubwabyo. Bitandukanye n'ubundi bwoko bw'udukoko mu mubiri wawe, udukoko mu gisaya busanzwe bukomeza gukura buhoro buhoro kandi bushobora gutera ingaruka iyo bitavuwe. Byinshi bisaba kubaga kugira ngo birinde ibibazo nk'igutakaza amenyo, igisaya gicika, cyangwa ubwandu.

Q3: Ni igihe kingana iki gikenewe kugira ngo umuntu akire nyuma yo kubagwa uburibwa cyangwa udukoko mu gisaya?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye bitewe n'ubunini n'aho ubwonko buherereye n'uburyo bwo kubaga bwakozwe. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu kazi n'imirimo isanzwe mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri, nubwo gukira burundu bishobora gufata ibyumweru 4-6. Umuganga wawe azaguha igihe cyo gukira bitewe n'uko uhagaze.

Q4: Ese nzakenera kubagwa gusana nyuma yo gukuraho uburibwa mu gisaya?

Kubagwa gusana bikenewe gusa niba ubwonko cyangwa udukoko ari binini bihagije kugira ngo bigire ingaruka ku gice kinini cy'igisaya cyawe. Uburibwa buto bwinshi bushobora gukurwaho bidakora ku miterere y'igisaya cyawe. Niba gusana bikenewe, umuganga wawe azakuganiriza ku buryo bwo gusana kugira ngo usubire mu mirimo isanzwe.

Q5: Ese uburibwa n'udukoko mu gisaya bishobora gusubira nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Gusubiraho bishoboka ariko si byo bisanzwe iyo ubwonko bukuweho neza. Ubwoko bumwe, nk'indwara ya keratocystic odontogenic tumors, bufite ibyago byinshi byo gusubiraho, niyo mpamvu umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kuvurwa byongeye cyangwa gukurikiranwa hafi.