Icyo Leukoplakia Aricyo? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Uko Ivurwa

Icyo leukoplakia aricyo?

Leukoplakia ni uburwayi butuma habaho ibibara byera kandi bikomeye mu kanwa k’umuntu, bitashobora gukurwaho. Ibi bibara bibaho iyo uturemangingo tugize uruhu rwo imbere mu kanwa twiyongera vuba kurusha uko bikwiye, bigatuma habaho ibice byera kandi byuzuye, bikaba bitandukanye n’uturemangingo tw’imbere mu kanwa dukomeye.

Tekereza ko ari uburyo umunwa wawe wirindira guhora uhangayikishwa. Nubwo ibice byinshi bya leukoplakia bidakomeye, bimwe bishobora guhinduka kanseri nyuma y’igihe, niyo mpamvu abaganga babifata nk’ikibazo gikomeye kandi bakabikurikirana hafi.

Ubu burwayi busanzwe kandi bugira abantu bagera kuri 3% mu bakuru ku isi hose. Busanzwe bugaragara cyane mu bantu barengeje imyaka 40, nubwo bushobora kugaragara mu myaka yose iyo habayeho ibintu bikwiye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya leukoplakia?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cya leukoplakia ni ibice byera cyangwa by’ibara ry’ivu bigaragara mu kanwa. Ibi bibara bigaragara nk’ibikomeye kandi byuzuye iyo ubishyizeho ururimi, bitandukanye n’uko uturemangingo tw’imbere mu kanwa dukomeye tuba.

Dore ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ushobora kubona:

• Ibibara byera cyangwa by’ivu bitashobora gukurwaho
• Ibice byuzuye kandi bikomeye bigaragara nk’ibyoroheje cyangwa nk’uruhu rw’inka
• Ibibara bishobora kutazana ububabare mu ntangiro
• Ibice bishobora kumva bimeze nk’ibyasinze cyangwa bigatotora
• Ibibara bishobora kugaragara ahantu hose mu kanwa

Abantu benshi ntibumva ububabare buturuka ku bibara bya leukoplakia mu ntangiro. Ariko, iyo ibibara byangiritse bitewe no kurya ibiryo birimo ibinini cyangwa gukaraba amenyo, bishobora kubabaza cyangwa bikaba byoroshye.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ushobora kubona ikintu cyaka cyangwa impinduka mu buryo ibiryo biryoha. Iyo ibibara bigaragara nk’ibyirabura cyangwa bikaba bibabaza nta mpamvu isobanutse, ibi bikeneye ubuvuzi bw’umuganga vuba kuko bishobora kugaragaza impinduka zikomeye.

Ni izihe mpande za leukoplakia?

Abaganga bagabanya leukoplakia mu bwoko bubiri bushingiye ku buryo ibibara bigaragara n’uko bigenda. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bitandukanye bifasha mu gupima uburyo bwiza bwo gukurikirana no kuvura.

Leukoplakia ihomogène igaragara nk’ibibara byera kandi byoroheje bifite imiterere imwe. Ibi bibara bigaragara kimwe kandi bigaragara nk’ibyoroshye iyo ubishyizeho intoki. Ubu bwoko busanzwe kandi busanzwe bufite ibyago bike byo guhinduka kanseri.

Leukoplakia idahomogène igaragara nk’ibibara bidasanzwe bifite amabara n’imiterere itandukanye. Ushobora kubona ibice byera bivanze n’ibice by’umutuku, cyangwa ibice bigaragara nk’ibyuzura kandi bikomeye. Ubu bwoko bufite ibyago byinshi byo guhinduka kanseri kandi busaba gukurikiranwa neza.

Hariho kandi ubwoko bwihariye bwitwa leukoplakia y’ubwoya, igaragara nk’ibibara byera bifite uruhu rw’ubwoya. Ubu bwoko busanzwe bugaragara mu bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke kandi buterwa na virusi ya Epstein-Barr.

Ni iki gatera leukoplakia?

Leukoplakia iterwa no guhora uruhu rwo imbere mu kanwa ruhangayikishwa igihe kirekire. Umunwa wawe usubiza ibyo guhora uhangayikishwa ukora uturemangingo twinshi, bikubaka bigatuma habaho ibibara byera.

Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo:

• Kunywa itabi mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose (kunywa itabi, kurya itabi, kunywa itabi mu mfuruka)
• Kunywamo inzoga nyinshi
• Guhora uhangayikishwa n’amenyo ashaje cyangwa imirimo y’amenyo
• Guhora ukanda itama cyangwa ukanda ururimi
• Ibisiga by’amenyo bidafite ubunini bukwiye cyangwa ibikoresho by’amenyo
• Ibiryo birimo ibinini cyangwa acide biryozwa buri gihe

Itabi igumye kuba impamvu nyamukuru, igira uruhare mu bipimo bya leukoplakia bigera kuri 80%. Ibinyabutabire biri mu bicuruzwa by’itabi bihangayikisha uburyo bw’imbere mu kanwa, cyane cyane iyo bigaragaye buri munsi mu mezi cyangwa imyaka.

Impamvu zidashimishije zirimo indwara zimwe na zimwe, indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, no kubura intungamubiri. Mu bihe bidasanzwe, indwara ya human papillomavirus (HPV) ishobora gutera leukoplakia, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko.

Rimwe na rimwe, abaganga ntibashobora kumenya impamvu runaka, ibyo bikaba byitwa leukoplakia idiopatike. Ibi bibaho mu bipimo bigera kuri 10-15% kandi bikunda gukira ubwabyo iyo ibyangiza bikuyeho.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera leukoplakia?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga cyangwa kwa muganga w’amenyo ubonye ibibara byera mu kanwa bitakira mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri. Gusuzuma hakiri kare bifasha mu kumenya neza uburwayi no gukurikirana, biguha umusaruro mwiza.

Tegura gahunda yawe vuba ubonye ibimenyetso bikurikira:

• Ibibara byera bikomeza igihe kirekire kurusha ibyumweru bibiri
• Ibibara bikura cyangwa bihinduka
• Ibice by’umutuku bigaragara mu bibara byera
• Ububabare buhoraho cyangwa ubworoshye mu gice cyangiritse
• Gukomerana kurya, kunywa, cyangwa kuvuga
• Ubusinzi cyangwa ubutotore bitakira

Ntugatege amatwi niba ubona ibice by’umutuku n’ibyera bivanze, kuko ubu bwoko busaba ubuvuzi bw’umuganga vuba. Ivangura ry’amabara rishobora kugaragaza impinduka zikomeye zisaba isuzuma ryihuse n’ubuvuzi bushoboka.

Nubwo ibibara byawe bigaragara nk’ibidafite ikibazo, gusuzuma amenyo buri gihe bifasha mu gufata impinduka zose hakiri kare. Muganga w’amenyo ashobora gufata amafoto y’ibibara no kubikurikirana igihe kinini, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu kumenya impinduka zose ziteye impungenge.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya leukoplakia?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara leukoplakia, bimwe bikaba byoroshye kuyirinda kurusha ibindi. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bifasha mu gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye no kwirinda no gukurikirana.

Ibintu byongera ibyago by’ingenzi birimo:

• Kunywa itabi (byongera ibyago inshuro 6-10)
• Kunywamo inzoga nyinshi (cyane cyane iyo ivangwa n’itabi)
• Kuba umugabo (abagabo barwara leukoplakia inshuro ebyiri kurusha abagore)
• Kurenza imyaka 40
• Guhora uhangayikishwa n’amenyo bitewe n’ibibazo by’amenyo
• Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke
• Amateka y’umuryango wa kanseri y’amenyo

Itabi n’inzoga zihuriza hamwe ikintu cy’akaga. Iyo zivangwa, zikubye kabiri ingaruka mbi z’imwe kurusha uko zikongeza gusa, bikongera cyane ibyago.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zongera ibyago, harimo HIV/SIDA, diyabete, n’indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. Izo ndwara zishobora kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri cyangwa guhindura uburyo umunwa wawe ukira iyo wangiritse.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ibintu by’umuzuko bigira uruhare, cyane cyane mu miryango ifite amateka ya kanseri y’amenyo. Bamwe mu bantu baragwa impinduka mu migeni igira ingaruka ku buryo imibiri yabo ikora ibinyabutabire by’itabi cyangwa gusana uturemangingo twangiritse.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa na leukoplakia?

Ikibazo gikomeye cyane cya leukoplakia ni ubushobozi bwo guhinduka kanseri y’amenyo. Nubwo ibice byinshi bya leukoplakia biguma ari byiza mu buzima bw’umuntu, hafi 5-17% bishobora guhinduka ibice bya kanseri nyuma y’igihe.

Dore ibibazo by’ingenzi ukwiye kumenya:

• Guhinduka kanseri y’uturemangingo twa squamous mu kanwa
• Ububabare buhoraho n’ubutameze neza
• Gukomerana kurya ibiryo bimwe na bimwe
• Impinduka mu kuvuga niba ibibara bikomeye
• Indwara zihoraho mu bice byangiritse
• Ibibara bitewe no guhora uhangayikishwa

Ibyago byo guhinduka kanseri bitandukanye cyane bitewe n’ubwoko n’aho leukoplakia iherereye. Ibice bidafite imiterere imwe bifite ibyago byinshi, mu gihe ibibara biri hasi mu kanwa cyangwa ku ruhande rw’ururimi biteye impungenge kurusha ibiri ku matama.

Ibibazo bidakomeye ariko bikaba bigoye birimo ububabare buhoraho iyo urya ibiryo birimo ibinini cyangwa acide. Bamwe mu bantu basanga ibibara bikomeye bibangamira ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuvuga neza cyangwa kwishimira uburyo bumwe na bumwe bw’ibiryo.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, leukoplakia ishobora gutera indwara zihoraho niba uturemangingo twuzuye ducika cyangwa tukangirika. Izo ndwara zisanzwe zikira neza iyo zavuwe ariko zishobora kuba ziteye uburibwe kandi zishobora kugabanya umuvuduko wo gukira.

Uko leukoplakia ishobora kwirindwa

Inkuru nziza ni uko leukoplakia ishobora kwirindwa cyane mu kwirinda impamvu nyamukuru ziterwa no guhora uhangayikishwa n’umunwa. Uburyo bwinshi bwo kwirinda bushingiye ku gukuraho kunywa itabi no kugabanya izindi mpamvu ziterwa no guhora uhangayikishwa.

Dore intambwe zikomeye zo kwirinda:

• Reka kunywa itabi (kunywa itabi, kurya itabi, kunywa itabi mu mfuruka)
• Gabanya kunywa inzoga cyangwa uzirinde rwose
• Kwita neza ku isuku y’amenyo
• Gusana amenyo ashaje cyangwa yavunitse vuba
• Kumenya neza ko ibisiga by’amenyo bifite ubunini bukwiye
• Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo imbuto n’imboga
• Kwirinda guhora ukanda itama cyangwa ururimi

Guhagarika kunywa itabi ni bwo buryo bukomeye bwo kwirinda leukoplakia. Nubwo umaze imyaka myinshi unywa itabi, guhagarika ubu ni ukugabanya ibyago byawe kandi bishobora gufasha ibibara biriho gukira cyangwa gucika.

Kwita ku menyo buri gihe bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kwirinda. Muganga w’amenyo ashobora kubona no gusana impamvu zishobora gutera ibibazo mbere y’uko zibitera, nko gukora amenyo nabi cyangwa ibikoresho by’amenyo bidafite ubunini bukwiye.

Ibyokurya birimo antioxydants byinshi biterwa n’imbuto n’imboga bishobora kandi gufasha kurinda uturemangingo tw’umunwa. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bugaragaza ko gufata vitamine A na beta-carotene bihagije bishyigikira uturemangingo tw’imbere mu kanwa kandi bishobora kugabanya ibyago bya kanseri.

Uko leukoplakia imenyekana

Kumenya leukoplakia bitangira harebwe neza umunwa n’umuganga cyangwa muganga w’amenyo. Bazareba ibibara hafi, bazabikoraho intoki zambaye utwenda, kandi bazabaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe n’ibintu byongera ibyago.

Uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe burimo ibi bikurikira:

1. Kureba neza uburyo bwose bw’imbere mu kanwa
2. Gusuzuma ibibara
3. Kureba amateka y’ubuzima yerekeye kunywa itabi n’inzoga
4. Gufotoza kugira ngo hamenyekane ibibara
5. Gucukura ibice niba ibibara bigaragara nk’ibiteye impungenge
6. Ibizami byongeyeho niba bikenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane izindi ndwara

Muganga azagerageza mbere ya byose gukuraho izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibibara byera, nka thrush cyangwa lichen planus. Bashobora kugerageza gukuraho ibibara kugira ngo barebe niba bishobora gukurwaho, ibyo bikaba byerekana ubundi burwayi.

Niba ibibara bigaragara nk’ibiteye impungenge cyangwa ntibikira nyuma yo gukuraho ibyangiza, muganga azagutegurira gucukura ibice. Ibi birimo gufata igice gito cy’uturemangingo kugira ngo gisuzuzwe kuri mikoroskopi kugira ngo harebwe uturemangingo tudasanzwe.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, muganga ashobora gukoresha amatara cyangwa ibara ryihariye kugira ngo arebe neza ibibara kandi amenye ibice bikeneye kwitabwaho. Ibyo bikoresho bifasha mu kumenya neza ko nta kintu giteye impungenge kirengagijwe mu gihe cyo gusuzuma.

Uko leukoplakia ivurwa

Uburyo bwo kuvura leukoplakia biterwa n’ubunini, aho ibibara biherereye, n’uko bigaragara, ndetse n’ibintu byongera ibyago byawe. Intambwe ya mbere ni uguhora ukuraho impamvu y’ibibazo byateye ibibara.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo:

• Gukuraho kunywa itabi n’inzoga
• Gusana ibibazo by’amenyo biterwa no guhora uhangayikishwa
• Gukurikirana buri gihe hamwe no gusuzuma buri gihe
• Gukuraho ibice bituma ibyago byiyongera
• Ubuvuzi bw’ikoranabuhanga rya lazeri kuri zimwe mu mpande z’ibibara
• Imiti yo hanze mu bihe bimwe na bimwe

Ibibara byinshi bya leukoplakia bikira cyangwa bicika burundu iyo uretse kunywa itabi ukavanaho izindi mpamvu ziterwa no guhora uhangayikishwa. Icyo gikorwa gishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi kugera ku mezi, bityo kwihangana ari ingenzi muri icyo gihe cyo gukira.

Niba ibibara bidakira cyangwa bigaragara nk’ibiteye impungenge, muganga ashobora kugutegurira kubikuraho. Ibyo bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bworoshye bwo kubaga, ubuvuzi bw’ikoranabuhanga rya lazeri, cyangwa gukonjesha hakoreshejwe azote liquide. Ibyo bikorwa bisanzwe bikorwa mu biro hakoreshejwe anesthésie locale.

Kubibara bigaragaza ibimenyetso bya mbere by’impinduka zidasanzwe z’uturemangingo, uburyo bukomeye bwo kuvura bushobora kuba ngombwa. Muganga azagutegurira amahitamo yose kandi azagufasha gusobanukirwa inyungu n’ibyago bya buri buryo.

Uko wakwitwara murugo

Nubwo ubuvuzi bw’abaganga ari ingenzi kuri leukoplakia, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora murugo kugira ngo ushyigikire gukira no kwirinda ko uburwayi bukongera. Ibyo bikorwa byo kwita murugo bikorwa neza hamwe n’ubuvuzi bw’abaganga.

Dore ingamba zifasha zo kwitwara murugo:

• Reka kunywa itabi byihuse
• Kwirinda cyangwa kugabanya kunywa inzoga
• Kurya ibiryo byoroshye bidatera ibibazo
• Kwirinda ibiryo birimo ibinini, acide, cyangwa bikomeye
• Kwita neza ku isuku y’amenyo
• Koresha amazi yo mu kanwa adafite alcool
• Kunywa amazi menshi kugira ngo uturemangingo tw’imbere mu kanwa dukomeze

Fata umwanya wo kurya ibiryo byoroshye bidashobora gutera ibibara. Ibiryo byoroshye nka yogourt, smoothies, n’imboga zitetse bisanzwe byoroshye, mu gihe wirinde ibintu nka chips, imbuto ziryoshye, cyangwa ibiryo bishyushye cyane.

Komeza umunwa wawe usa neza ukoresheje uburoso buoroshye. Niba amakara asanzwe yumvikana nk’ayoroshye, gerageza ubwoko buke, budafite fluoride cyangwa ubaze muganga w’amenyo kugira ngo aguhe inama.

Komeza ukurebe ibibara buri gihe ukoresheje urukiramende rufite umucyo mwinshi. Andika impinduka zose mu bunini, ibara, cyangwa imiterere, kandi ubimenyeshe umuganga wawe mu gihe cy’ihuriro ryawe rikurikiyeho.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitunganya kugira ngo ujye kwa muganga bifasha mu kumenya neza uburwayi no kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Gutegura neza bifasha kandi mu kwibuka ibintu by’ingenzi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kuvura.

Mbere y’ihuriro ryawe, kora ibi bikurikira:

• Urutonde rw’imiti yose n’ibindi bikoresho ukoresha
• Amateka yuzuye yo kunywa itabi n’inzoga
• Igihe wabonye ibibara bwa mbere
• Impinduka zose wabonye mu bibara
• Amateka y’umuryango wa kanseri y’amenyo cyangwa izindi kanseri
• Ibibazo ushaka kubaza muganga

Bavuga ukuri ku bijyanye no kunywa itabi n’inzoga, nubwo ubabaye kubivuga. Ibyo bintu ni ingenzi mu kumenya neza uburwayi no gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura, kandi muganga akeneye amakuru yuzuye kugira ngo aguhe ubufasha neza.

Tegura kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuryango w’umuntu wizewe mu ihuriro. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y’ingenzi no gutanga inkunga yo mu mutima, cyane cyane niba uhangayikishijwe no gusura.

Andika ibibazo byawe mbere kugira ngo utabyibagirwa mu gihe cy’ihuriro. Ibibazo bisanzwe birimo kubaza ibyago bya kanseri, uburyo bwo kuvura, n’icyo witeze mu gihe cyo gukurikirana ubuvuzi.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri leukoplakia

Leukoplakia ni uburwayi bushobora kuvurwa kandi bugira umusaruro mwiza iyo bimenyekanye hakiri kare kandi bukavurwa neza. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko gukuraho impamvu y’ibibazo, cyane cyane itabi, ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo gukira.

Nubwo ubushobozi bwo guhinduka kanseri bushobora gutera ubwoba, gukurikirana buri gihe no kuvura vuba ibice biteye impungenge bigabanya cyane ibyo byago. Abantu benshi barwaye leukoplakia ntibahura na kanseri, cyane cyane iyo bakurikiza amabwiriza y’abaganga.

Uruhare rwawe mu kuvura rugira uruhare rukomeye mu musaruro. Mu guhagarika kunywa itabi, kwita ku isuku y’amenyo, no gukora isuzuma ry’amenyo buri gihe, uba ufata intambwe zikomeye zo kurinda ubuzima bwawe.

Wibuke ko leukoplakia ikunda gukira cyane iyo ibyangiza bikuyeho. Komeza kwihangana mu gihe cyo gukira kandi ukomeze kuvugana n’abaganga bawe ku bibazo byose cyangwa impinduka ubona.

Ibibazo bisanzwe bibazwa kuri leukoplakia

Q1. Ese leukoplakia ishobora gukira ubwayo?

Yego, leukoplakia ishobora gukira ubwayo, cyane cyane iyo ukuriye impamvu y’ibibazo byayiteye. Hafi 60-80% by’ibibara bikira cyangwa bicika burundu nyuma yo guhagarika kunywa itabi no gukuraho ibindi byangiza. Icyo gikorwa cyo gukira gisanzwe gifata ibyumweru byinshi kugera ku mezi make, bityo kwihangana ari ingenzi mu gihe uturemangingo tw’imbere mu kanwa dukomeza.

Q2. Ese leukoplakia ihora ari kanseri?

Oya, leukoplakia si kanseri buri gihe, kandi ibice byinshi ntibihinduka kanseri. Hafi 5-17% by’ibibara bya leukoplakia bihinduka kanseri nyuma y’igihe. Ariko, kubera ko icyo kintu cy’akaga kiriho, abaganga bakurikirana ibice byose bya leukoplakia hafi kandi bashobora kugutegurira gucukura ibice cyangwa kubikuraho kubice bigaragara nk’ibiteye impungenge cyangwa bidakira hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bwo kuvura.

Q3. Ese umunaniro ushobora gutera leukoplakia?

Umunaniro ntabwo utera leukoplakia, ariko ushobora kugira uruhare mu myitwarire iyitera. Abantu bafite umunaniro bashobora kongera kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga nyinshi, cyangwa bagira imyifatire y’umutima nk’ukanda itama cyangwa gukanda amenyo. Ibyo bikorwa bifitanye isano n’umunaniro bishobora gutera ibibazo byahoraho bituma leukoplakia ibaho.

Q4. Ni igihe kingana iki leukoplakia imara kugira ngo ibaho?

Leukoplakia isanzwe ibaho buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka y’ibibazo byahoraho. Ntuzasanga ibibara biba mu ijoro rimwe, ahubwo uzabona bigaragara buhoro buhoro uko umunwa wawe usubiza ibibazo byahoraho. Igihe nyacyo gitandukanye bitewe n’ubukana n’ubwinshi bw’ibibazo, abantu bakoresha itabi nyinshi bakunda kugira ibibara vuba kurusha abayikoresha bake.

Q5. Ese leukoplakia ishobora kugaruka nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Yego, leukoplakia ishobora kugaruka nyuma yo kuvurwa niba usubiye mu myitwarire yabiteye cyangwa ukagira ibindi bibazo by’umunwa. Niyo mpamvu impinduka z’imibereho z’igihe kirekire, cyane cyane kwirinda itabi n’inzoga, ari ingenzi cyane mu kwirinda ko isubira. Gusuzuma amenyo buri gihe bifasha mu gufata ibibara bishya hakiri kare iyo bivurwa neza.