Medulloblastoma ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Medulloblastoma ni ubwoko bw'igisebe cy'ubwonko gikura mu gice cy'ubwonko kiyobora uko umubiri uhagaze n'imikorere y'imitsi, ari cyo cerebellum. Ni cyo gisebe cy'ubwonko kigira kanseri gikunze kugaragara mu bana, nubwo rimwe na rimwe gishobora kwibasira n'abakuze.

Iki gisebe gikura mu mitsi isanzwe ifasha mu gutera imbere kw'ubwonko mu buzima bw'umwana. Nubwo kumva iyi ndwara bishobora gutera ubwoba, ni ingenzi kumenya ko ubuvuzi bwateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize, kandi abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima bwiza nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Ibimenyetso bya medulloblastoma ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya medulloblastoma bigaragara kubera ko igisebe gishyira igitutu ku bice by'ingenzi by'ubwonko. Ushobora kubona ibi bimenyetso bigaragara buhoro buhoro cyangwa rimwe na rimwe byihuse.

Kubera ko uburambe bwa buri muntu bushobora gutandukana, ni byiza kumva uburyo bw'ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara. Dore ibyakunze kugaragara:

• Kubabara umutwe buhoraho, cyane cyane mu gitondo cyangwa uri kuryamye
• Isesemi no kuruka, cyane cyane mu gitondo
• Ibibazo byo guhagarara cyangwa kugorana kugenda neza
• Uburwayi cyangwa kugorana guhuza imitsi
• Kubona ibintu bibiri cyangwa ibindi bihinduka mu maso
• Umunaniro cyangwa gusinzira bidasanzwe
• Guhinduka mu myitwarire cyangwa kamere
• Gukora nabi cyangwa ibibazo byo kwibuka

Ibi bimenyetso bibaho kubera ko igisebe gishobora kubuza amazi asanzwe ari mu bwonko kugenda neza, bigatera igitutu. Ibimenyetso byo mu gitondo bikunze kugaragara cyane kubera ko kuryama ijoro ryose bishobora kongera iki gitutu.

Mu bindi bihe, ushobora kumva ibindi bimenyetso bitakunze kugaragara nko guta umutwe, guhinduka kumva, cyangwa intege nke ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri. Niba ubona ibimenyetso byinshi muri ibi bikomeza iminsi irenga mike, ni byiza kubiganiraho na muganga wawe.

Impamvu za medulloblastoma ni izihe?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya medulloblastoma ntiyumvikana neza, ariko abashakashatsi bemeza ko iterwa n'uko imwe mu mitsi y'ubwonko itangira gukura nabi. Izi ni imiti isanzwe ifasha mu gutera imbere kw'ubwonko mu gihe cy'iterambere.

Ibyinshi bibaho nta mpamvu isobanutse, ibyo bishobora gutera agahinda iyo ushaka ibisobanuro. Ariko, abahanga bamenye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugira uruhare:

• Guhinduka kw'imiti itera imbere mu mitsi
• Indwara ziterwa n'imiti zirakomoka mu muryango nka Gorlin syndrome cyangwa Turcot syndrome
• Kuba warakorewe imirasire mu mutwe, nubwo ari bike cyane
• Umuhindo w'imiti runaka ukomoka mu muryango

Ni ingenzi kumenya ko medulloblastoma iterwa n'ibyo wakoze cyangwa utakoreye. Ntabwo ari indwara yandura, kandi ntiterwa n'ibiryo, imibereho, cyangwa ibintu byo mu kirere wari ushobora kugenzura.

Ibyinshi muri ibi bibaho ku bw'impanuka, bisobanura ko bibaho ku bw'amahirwe aho kuba byarazwe. Nubwo hari ibintu by'imiti bifitanye isano, abantu benshi bafite izi mpinduka z'imiti ntibabona ibibazo.

Uduce twa medulloblastoma ni izihe?

Abaganga bagabanya medulloblastoma mu bice bitandukanye hashingiwe ku buryo imiti y'igisebe isa munsi ya microscope n'imiterere yayo. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwawe bw'igisebe bifasha itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga gutegura ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Uduce nyamukuru twakomeza turi:

• Medulloblastoma isanzwe - ubwoko bwakunze kugaragara bufite imiterere isanzwe y'imiti
• Medulloblastoma ya Desmoplastic - ifite imiti myinshi kandi ikunze kugira ibyiringiro byiza
• Medulloblastoma nini - ifite imiti minini, isa nabi
• Medulloblastoma ya Anaplastic - ifite imiti idasanzwe, ikura vuba

Mu bihe byashize, abaganga bashyira medulloblastomas hamwe hashingiwe ku miterere yayo, bisobanura kureba impinduka z'imiti mu miti y'igisebe. Ubu buryo bushya bwo kubona ibice birimo WNT, SHH, Group 3, na Group 4 tumors.

Muganga wawe azasobanura ubwoko ufite n'icyo bivuze ku buryo bwawe bwo kuvurwa. Buri bwoko buhita buvurwa mu buryo butandukanye, bityo aya makuru afasha mu gutegura uburyo bwihariye bwo kwitaho.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera ibimenyetso bya medulloblastoma?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ububabare bw'umutwe buhoraho hamwe n'isesemi, cyane cyane niba ibi bimenyetso bikomeye mu gitondo. Iyi mpinduka ishobora kuba ikimenyetso gikenewe kuvurwa.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ubona ibibazo byo guhagarara, guhinduka mu maso, cyangwa kugorana guhuza imitsi bidakira mu minsi mike. Ibi bimenyetso, cyane cyane iyo bibaho hamwe, bikwiye gusuzuma vuba.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba niba ufite ububabare bukomeye bw'umutwe butandukanye n'ubundi wari usanzwe ufite, kuruka kenshi nta mpamvu isobanutse nka kurwara, cyangwa guhinduka kw'ubumenge cyangwa uburyo bwo kuba maso.

Ku bana, banza kureba impinduka mu myitwarire, mu ishuri, cyangwa mu iterambere. Rimwe na rimwe ibimenyetso bya mbere mu bana bato bishobora kuba guhora batuje, guhinduka mu kurya, cyangwa gusubira inyuma mu bumenyi bari basanzwe bafite.

Ibyago bya medulloblastoma ni ibihe?

Abantu benshi bafite medulloblastoma ntabwo bafite ibyago byumvikana, bisobanura ko bishobora kwibasira uwo ari we wese. Ariko, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kwibasirwa n'iki gisebe.

Imyaka ni yo ntandaro ikomeye yo gusobanukirwa. Dore ibyago by'ingenzi abaganga bamenye:

• Kuba umwana cyangwa umwangavu (akunze kugaragara hagati y'imyaka 3-8)
• Kuba umuhungu (akunze kugaragara mu bahungu n'abagabo)
• Kugira ibibazo by'imiti nka Gorlin syndrome
• Amateka y'umuryango w'ibisebe by'ubwonko, nubwo ari bike
• Kuba warakorewe imirasire mu mutwe cyangwa ubwonko

Ni ingenzi kwibuka ko kugira kimwe cyangwa ibyago byinshi ntibisobanura ko uzabona medulloblastoma. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago ntibabona ibibazo, mu gihe abandi badafite ibyago bizwi babibona.

Ibibazo by'imiti bifitanye isano na medulloblastoma ni bike cyane. Nubwo ufite amateka y'umuryango w'ibisebe by'ubwonko, ibyinshi muri medulloblastomas bibaho ku bw'impanuka nta kintu cyarazwe.

Ingaruka zishoboka za medulloblastoma ni izihe?

Medulloblastoma ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomoka ku gisebe ubwayo no ku buvuzi. Gusobanukirwa ibi bishoboka bigufasha kwitegura no gukorana n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga kugira ngo ubigenzure neza.

Igishebe ubwayo gishobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi uko gikura:

• Hydrocephalus (amazi menshi mu bwonko itera igitutu)
• Ibibazo byo guhagarara no guhuza imitsi bishobora gukomeza
• Ibibazo byo kubona cyangwa kumva
• Guhinduka mu bwenge bigira ingaruka ku kwibuka, kwitonda, cyangwa kwiga
• Ibibazo byo gukura no gutera imbere mu bana
• Guta umutwe, nubwo ari bike

Ingaruka ziterwa n'ubuvuzi zishobora kandi kubaho, nubwo uburyo bugezweho bugamije kubigabanya. Kugira icyo ukora bishobora gutera kubyimba by'igihe gito cyangwa, rimwe na rimwe, kwandura. Imirasire na chimiothérapie bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ubwonko mu bana kandi bishobora gutera umunaniro, guta umusatsi, cyangwa guhinduka mu miterere y'imisemburo.

Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire zishobora kuba harimo ibibazo byo kwiga, guta kumva, cyangwa ibibazo byo gukura, cyane cyane mu bana bafite ubwonko bugikura. Ariko, ingaruka nyinshi muri izi zishobora guhangana na serivisi z'ubuvuzi n'ubushobozi.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakukurikirana hafi kubera ingaruka iyo ari yo yose kandi rizakora kugira ngo riyikumire cyangwa riyivure vuba. Abantu benshi bagira ingaruka nke cyangwa zigenzurwa z'igihe kirekire, cyane cyane hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura bugezweho.

Medulloblastoma imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya medulloblastoma bisaba intambwe nyinshi kugira ngo ubone ishusho yuzuye y'ibiri kuba mu bwonko bwawe. Muganga wawe azatangira aganira nawe ku bimenyetso byawe no gusuzuma umubiri.

Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe burimo ibi bice by'ingenzi:

1. Gusuzuma imitsi kugira ngo ugenzure uko uhagaze, guhuza imitsi, imikorere y'imitsi, n'imikorere y'ubwonko
2. MRI scan y'ubwonko n'umugongo kugira ngo ubone aho igisebe kiri n'ubunini bwayo
3. CT scan niba ukeneye amafoto y'amagufwa arambuye
4. Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) kugira ngo ugenzure imiti y'igisebe mu mazi yo mu mugongo
5. Biopsy cyangwa kubaga kugira ngo ugenzure imiti munsi ya microscope
6. Ibizamini by'imiti kugira ngo umenye ubwoko bwa medulloblastoma

MRI isanzwe ari ikizamini cy'ingenzi kuko igaragaza ubunini bw'igisebe, aho kiri, n'uko gifitanye isano n'ibice by'ubwonko biri hafi.

Kubona igice cy'umubiri ni ingenzi mu kwemeza indwara no kumenya ubwoko bwa medulloblastoma. Ibi bisanzwe bibaho mu gihe cyo kubaga kugira ngo ukureho igisebe, bityo kumenya indwara no kuvurwa bwa mbere bikunze kuba hamwe.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rishobora kandi gutegeka ibindi bizamini nko gusuzuma kumva cyangwa urwego rw'imisemburo kugira ngo ugenzure uko igisebe gishobora kugira ingaruka ku bindi bice by'umubiri.

Ubuvuzi bwa medulloblastoma ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa medulloblastoma busanzwe burimo guhuza kubaga, imirasire, na chimiothérapie. Igishushanyo cyihariye gishingiye ku bintu nko ubwoko bw'igisebe, aho kiri, imyaka yawe, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Kubaga ni bwo buryo bwa mbere kandi bugamije gukuraho igisebe kinini uko bishoboka kose. Umuganga wawe azakora neza kugira ngo abungabunge imikorere y'ubwonko mu gihe akuraho igisebe.

Nyuma yo kubaga, abantu benshi bakomeza kuvurwa:

• Imirasire kugira ngo ibone imiti y'igisebe isigaye mu bwonko rimwe na rimwe no mu mugongo
• Chimiothérapie ikoresha imiti ishobora kwinjira mu bwonko kugira ngo yice imiti ya kanseri
• Chimiothérapie y'umwanya munini hamwe no gukiza imiti y'amaraso kubera ibibazo byinshi
• Imiti yibanda ku miti yihariye

Ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka 3, abaganga bakunze gutinda cyangwa kwirinda imirasire uko bishoboka kose kubera ingaruka zayo ku bwonko bugikura. Ahubwo, bashobora gukoresha chimiothérapie cyangwa uburyo bushya bwo kuvura.

Igihe cyo kuvurwa gisanzwe kiba hagati y'amezi 6-12, nubwo ibi biterwa n'imiterere yawe. Mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, uzakorana n'itsinda ry'inzobere zirimo abaganga babaga, abaganga bavura kanseri, abaganga b'imirasire, n'abakozi bashinzwe ubufasha.

Uburyo bwo kuvura bugezweho bwateye imbere cyane, abantu benshi bagera ku buzima bwiza igihe kirekire. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakukurikirana hafi mu gihe cyo kuvurwa no nyuma yacyo kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byiza.

Uko wakwitwara mu gihe cyo kuvurwa kwa medulloblastoma

Kwitwara neza mu gihe cyo kuvurwa bigufasha kumva wishimye kandi ukomeze imbaraga zawe kugira ngo ukire. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakugira inama yihariye, ariko hari uburyo rusange bushobora kugufasha.

Kubabara umutwe n'isesemi, muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti kugira ngo agabanye kubyimba mu bwonko no kugenzura isesemi. Gukoresha iyi miti uko yategetswe, naho waba wumva wishimye, bifasha kwirinda ko ibimenyetso bisubira.

Dore bimwe mu bintu bishobora kugufasha:

• Ruhukira ahantu hatuje, hatagira umucyo cyane iyo ububabare bw'umutwe buje
• Kurya ibiryo bike, bikunze kugira ngo bigufashe kurwanya isesemi
• Kunywa amazi menshi ukoresheje amazi meza umunsi wose
• Koresha ibikoresho byo kugenda nko gufata ibintu cyangwa ibikoresho byo kugenda niba uhagarara nabi
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri uko byemewe n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga
• Fata imiti yo kubabara, isesemi, cyangwa guta umutwe uko yategetswe

Niba ufite ibibazo byo guhagarara, kuvura umubiri bishobora kugufasha cyane. Umuganga wavura umubiri ashobora kukwigisha imyitozo ngororamubiri n'uburyo bwo kunoza uko uhagaze no kugabanya ibyago byo kugwa.

Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kuvugana n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga ku bimenyetso byose urimo kumva. Bakunze guhindura imiti cyangwa baguha ubufasha bundi kugira ngo ugume wishimye mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwitegura kujya kwa muganga bigufasha kugira ngo ubone igihe cyiza cyo gukorana n'itsinda ry'abaganga. Kugira amakuru yateguwe n'ibibazo biteguwe bituma uruzinduko rurangira neza kuri buri wese.

Mbere y'uruzinduko rwawe, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uko byahindutse uko igihe gihita. Banza icyabikiza cyangwa kibikomeza, n'imiterere yose wabonye.

Dore ibyo wakwizana n'ibyo wakwitegura:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose, ibintu byongera imbaraga, na vitamine ufata
• Amakuru y'ubwishingizi n'ibindi byangombwa byasabwe
• Amateka y'ubuvuzi, ibisubizo by'ibizamini, cyangwa amafoto y'ubuvuzi
• Urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubaza
• Umuntu wizewe cyangwa umuryango kugira ngo aguhe inkunga no kugufasha kwibuka amakuru
• Igitabo cyangwa terefone yo kwandika mu gihe cy'uruzinduko

Tekereza kubaza ibyerekeye uburyo bwo kuvurwa, ingaruka ziteganijwe, igihe cyo gukira, n'icyo witeze mu bihe bitandukanye byo kuvurwa. Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kubaza ibibazo byinshi - itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rishaka ko usobanukirwa uburwayi bwawe n'ubuvuzi.

Niba wumva uhangayitse cyangwa ufite ikiniga, ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Reka itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rimenye uko wumva - bafite ubunararibonye mu gutanga ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi n'inkunga mu bihe bikomeye.

Icy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka kuri medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma ni igisebe gikomeye cy'ubwonko ariko kivurwa gikunda kwibasira abana n'abakiri bato. Nubwo kumva iyi ndwara bishobora gutera ubwoba, ni ingenzi kumenya ko ibyavuye mu buvuzi byateye imbere cyane mu myaka mike ishize.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko nturi wenyine muri uru rugendo. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rifite ubunararibonye bwinshi mu kuvura medulloblastoma kandi rizakorana nawe kugira ngo utegure uburyo bwiza bwo kuvurwa bukubereye.

Kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no kuvurwa vuba biguha amahirwe meza yo kugira ibyavuye byiza. Abantu benshi bavuwe medulloblastoma bakomeza kubaho ubuzima bwiza, buzira, bafite ingaruka nke z'igihe kirekire.

Fata ibintu intambwe ku yindi, ukore uko ubuvuzi bwawe bwakubwiye, kandi wikwizere ku bantu bakuzengurutse, inshuti, n'abaganga. Hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'inkunga, hari impamvu yo kwiringira ejo hazaza hawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaza kuri medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma ihora yica?

Oya, medulloblastoma ntihora yica. Hamwe n'ubuvuzi bugezweho, abantu benshi bagera ku buzima bwiza igihe kirekire kandi babaho ubuzima busanzwe. Ibipimo byo gukira byateye imbere cyane, cyane cyane ku bintu bisanzwe. Ibyiringiro biterwa n'ibintu nko kuba umuntu mukuru, ubwoko bw'igisebe, n'ingano y'igisebe gishobora gukurwaho.

Medulloblastoma ishobora gusubira nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Nubwo medulloblastoma ishobora gusubira, abantu benshi barangije kuvurwa baguma bazira kanseri igihe kirekire. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakukurikirana hafi hamwe n'ibizamini bisanzwe kugira ngo bimenye vuba niba hari igiye gusubira. Niba isubiye, hari uburyo bwo kuvura buhari.

Umwana wanjye azagira ibibazo byo kwiga nyuma yo kuvurwa kwa medulloblastoma?

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira ibibazo byo kwiga cyangwa guhinduka mu bwenge nyuma yo kuvurwa, cyane cyane niba bakorewe imirasire bakiri bato. Ariko, abana benshi bahinduka neza kandi bagira intsinzi mu ishuri hamwe n'inkunga ikwiye. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rishobora kukubera umuhuza n'inzobere mu burezi n'ibigo by'ubushobozi kugira ngo bifashe kunoza iterambere ry'umwana wawe.

Ubuvuzi bwa medulloblastoma buramara igihe kingana iki?

Ubuvuzi busanzwe buramara amezi 6-12, harimo kubaga, imirasire, na chimiothérapie. Igihe nyacyo giterwa n'igishushanyo cyawe cyo kuvurwa n'uko uhita uvurwa.

Abakuze bashobora kwibasirwa na medulloblastoma?

Yego, nubwo ari bike cyane, abakuze bashobora kwibasirwa na medulloblastoma. Abantu bakuru bakunze kugira ibintu bitandukanye n'ibisebe by'abana kandi bishobora gusaba uburyo bwo kuvura buhinduwe. Abantu bakuru bakunze kwihanganira imirasire kurusha abana, ibyo bishobora kuba igice cy'inyungu yo kuvurwa.