Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'ubwonko itangira mu gice cy'ubwonko cyitwa cerebellum. Medulloblastoma ni yo kanseri y'ubwonko igaragara cyane mu bana.

Medulloblastoma (muh-dul-o-blas-TOE-muh) ni igisebe cya kanseri mu bwonko gitangira inyuma hasi mu bwonko. Icyo gice cy'ubwonko cyitwa cerebellum. Gifite uruhare mu guhuza imitsi, kubungabunga umubiri no kugenda.

Medulloblastoma itangira nk'ubwiyongere bw'uturemangingo, twitwa igisebe. Uturemangingo twiyongera vuba kandi dushobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'ubwonko. Uturemangingo twa medulloblastoma tugenda gukwirakwira mu mazi akikije kandi akarengera ubwonko n'umugongo. Ayo mazi yitwa cerebrospinal fluid. Medulloblastomas ntabwo isanzwe ikwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Medulloblastoma ishobora kubaho mu myaka yose, ariko ikunze kugaragara mu bana bato. Nubwo medulloblastoma ari nke, ni yo kanseri y'ubwonko igaragara cyane mu bana. Medulloblastoma igaragara cyane mu miryango ifite amateka y'ibibazo byongera ibyago bya kanseri. Ibyo bisindromu birimo Gorlin syndrome cyangwa Turcot syndrome.

• Kuzenguruka.
• Kubona ibintu bibiri.
• Kubabara umutwe.
• Kubezwa.
• Kutabasha guhuza imitsi.
• Kwumva unaniwe.
• Kugenda udashoboye.
• Kuruka.

Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe butangira harebwe amateka y'ubuzima bw'umurwayi n'ibiganiro ku bimenyetso. Ibipimo n'ibikorwa byifashishwa mu kuvura medulloblastoma birimo:

• Isuzuma rya neurologique. Muri iki isuzuma, ubushobozi bwo kubona, kumva, kubungabunga umubiri, guhuza imitsi n'imikorere y'imitsi irapimwa. Ibi bishobora gufasha kugaragaza igice cy'ubwonko gishobora kuba cyarashinzweho n'igisebe.
• Isuzuma ry'icyitegererezo cy'umubiri. Biopsy ni uburyo bwo gukuramo igice cy'igisebe kugira ngo gipimwe. Biopsies kuri medulloblastoma ni nke ariko zishobora gukoreshwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Muri biopsy, igice cy'igikuta cy'umutwe gikurwaho. Igikoresho cy'ubushyuhe gikoreshwa mu gukuramo igice cy'igisebe. Icyo gice gipimwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo harebwe niba ari medulloblastoma.

Ubuvuzi bwa medulloblastoma busanzwe burimo kubaga hakurikiyeho radiotherapy cyangwa chemotherapy, cyangwa byombi. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rirasuzuma ibintu byinshi mu gushyiraho gahunda y'ubuvuzi. Ibyo bishobora kuba birimo aho igisebe giherereye, uburyo gikura, niba cyakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'ubwonko n'ibisubizo by'ibipimo by'uturemangingo tw'igisebe. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe kandi rirasuzuma imyaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Amahitamo y'ubuvuzi arimo:

• Kubaga kugira ngo bakureho medulloblastoma. Intego y'ubuvuzi ni ukukuraho medulloblastoma yose. Ariko rimwe na rimwe ntibishoboka gukuraho igisebe cyose kuko kiba hafi y'ibice by'ingenzi biri mu bwonko. Abantu benshi bafite medulloblastoma bakeneye ubundi buvuzi nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo bicishe uduce tw'igisebe dushigahe.
• Radiotherapy. Radiotherapy ikoresha imirasire ikomeye kugira ngo yice uduce tw'igisebe. Iyo mirasire ishobora kuva kuri X-rays, protons n'izindi nkomoko. Mu gihe cya radiotherapy, imashini ituma imirasire igera ku bice byihariye by'umubiri. Radiotherapy ikunze gukoreshwa nyuma yo kubagwa.
• Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy ikoresha imiti kugira ngo yice uduce tw'igisebe. Ubusanzwe, abana n'abakuze bafite medulloblastoma bahabwa iyo miti bashushe mu mitsi. Chemotherapy ishobora gukoreshwa nyuma yo kubagwa cyangwa radiotherapy. Rimwe na rimwe ikorwa icyarimwe na radiotherapy.
• Igeragezwa rya kliniki. Igeragezwa rya kliniki riyandikisha abantu bakwiriye kugira ngo bigweho ubuvuzi bushya cyangwa uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ubuvuzi bumazeho, nko guhuza cyangwa igihe cyo gukoresha radiotherapy na chemotherapy. Aya masomo atanga amahirwe yo kugerageza amahitamo y'ubuvuzi aheruka, nubwo ibyago by'ingaruka mbi bishobora kutaramenyekana. Ganira n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo aguhe inama.

Iyi MRI yerekana ubwonko bw’umuntu, ifashwe nyuma yo guterwa ibintu byongera uburyo bwo kubona ibintu, igaragaza uburibwe bwa meningioma. Ubu buribwe bwa meningioma bwakuze ku buryo bwatangiye kwinjira mu mubiri w’ubwonko.

Amashusho y’uburibwe bw’ubwonko

Niba umuganga wawe atekereza ko ushobora kuba ufite uburibwe bw’ubwonko, uzakenera gukora ibizamini n’ibikorwa byinshi kugira ngo ube wizeye. Ibyo bishobora kuba birimo:

• Isuzuma ry’imikorere y’ubwonko. Isuzuma ry’imikorere y’ubwonko rigenzura ibice bitandukanye by’ubwonko bwawe kugira ngo urebe uko bikora. Iri suzuma rishobora kuba ririmo kugenzura uko ubona, uko wumva, uko uringaniye, uko uhuza ibintu, imbaraga zawe n’uburyo ubwonko bwawe busubiza. Niba ufite ikibazo muri kimwe cyangwa mu bice byinshi, ibi ni ikimenyetso cy’umuganga wawe. Isuzuma ry’imikorere y’ubwonko ntiryerekana uburibwe bw’ubwonko. Ariko rifasha umuganga wawe gusobanukirwa igice cy’ubwonko cyawe gishobora kuba gifite ikibazo.
• Amashusho y’ubwonko akoresheje CT scan. Amashusho akoresheje CT scan, akaba ari na yo yitwa CT scan, akoresha X-rays kugira ngo akore amashusho. Aboneka cyane, kandi ibisubizo bihita byigaragara. Rero CT ishobora kuba ari yo isuzuma rya mbere ry’amashusho rikorwa niba ufite umutwe ubora cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bifite impamvu nyinshi zishoboka. CT scan ishobora kubona ibibazo biri mu bwonko no mu nkengero za bwo. Ibisubizo biha umuganga wawe ibimenyetso byo gufata icyemezo cy’isuzuma ryakurikiraho. Niba umuganga wawe atekereza ko CT scan yawe igaragaza uburibwe bw’ubwonko, ushobora kuba ukeneye MRI y’ubwonko.
• PET scan y’ubwonko. PET scan, ni ukuvuga positron emission tomography scan, ishobora kubona uburibwe bumwe bw’ubwonko. PET scan ikoresha ibintu byanduye byinjizwa mu mubiri binyuze mu mutsi w’amaraso. Ibyo bintu byanduye bijya mu maraso maze bikabana n’uturemangingo tw’uburibwe bw’ubwonko. Ibyo bintu byanduye bituma uturemangingo tw’uburibwe bw’ubwonko tuboneka neza ku mashusho yafashwe na PET machine. Uturemangingo dukora cyane kandi byihuse tuzakuramo byinshi muri ibyo bintu byanduye.

PET scan ishobora kuba ifitiye akamaro cyane mu kubona uburibwe bw’ubwonko bukura cyane. Ingero harimo glioblastomas na bimwe mu bintu byitwa oligodendrogliomas. Uburibwe bw’ubwonko bukura buhoro buhoro bushobora kutagaragara kuri PET scan. Uburibwe bw’ubwonko butari kanseri busanzwe bukura buhoro, bityo PET scan ntabwo ifitiye akamaro cyane kuri ubu buribwe bw’ubwonko butari kanseri. Si buri wese ufite uburibwe bw’ubwonko ukeneye PET scan. Baza umuganga wawe niba ukeneye PET scan.

• Gukusanya urugero rw’umubiri. Biopsy y’ubwonko ni uburyo bwo gukuramo urugero rw’umubiri w’uburibwe bw’ubwonko kugira ngo ugenzurwe muri laboratwari. Akenshi umuganga akuramo urugero mu gihe akora ibyo kubaga kugira ngo akureho uburibwe bw’ubwonko.

Niba kubaga bitashoboka, urugero rushobora gukurwamo hakoreshejwe igishishwa. Gukuramo urugero rw’umubiri w’uburibwe bw’ubwonko hakoreshejwe igishishwa bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwitwa stereotactic needle biopsy.

Muri ubu buryo, umwobo muto ucukura mu gipfunsi. Igishishwa gito kinjizwa muri uwo mwobo. Igishishwa gikoreshwa mu gukuramo urugero rw’umubiri. Ibipimo by’amashusho nka CT na MRI bikoreshwa mu gutegura inzira y’igishishwa. Ntuzagira icyo wumva mu gihe cyo gukuramo urugero kuko imiti ikoreshwa mu kubabara agace. Akenshi na none uhabwa imiti ikuraraza kugira ngo utabimenya.

Ushobora gukuramo urugero hakoreshejwe igishishwa aho gukora ibyo kubaga niba itsinda ry’abaganga bawe ryihutira ko kubaga bishobora kwangiza igice cy’ubwonko cyawe gikomeye. Igishishwa gishobora kuba gikenewe mu gukuramo umubiri w’uburibwe bw’ubwonko niba ubu buribwe buri ahantu bigoye kugeraho hakoreshejwe kubaga.

Gukuramo urugero rw’umubiri w’ubwonko bifite ibyago byo kugira ingaruka mbi. Ibyago birimo kuva amaraso mu bwonko no kwangiza umubiri w’ubwonko.

• Kugereranya urugero rw’umubiri muri laboratwari. Urugero rwakuwe mu mubiri rwoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo rugereranywe. Ibizamini bishobora kureba niba uturemangingo ari kanseri cyangwa atari kanseri. Uburyo uturemangingo bigaragara kuri mikoroskopi bushobora kubwira itsinda ry’abaganga bawe uburyo uturemangingo dukura. Ibi bita urwego rw’uburibwe bw’ubwonko. Ibindi bizamini bishobora kumenya impinduka za ADN ziri mu turemangingo. Ibi bifasha itsinda ry’abaganga bawe gutegura gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi.

MRI y’ubwonko. Magnetic resonance imaging, ni ukuvuga MRI, ikoresha amabuye y’ubumara akomeye kugira ngo ikore amashusho y’imbere y’umubiri. MRI ikunze gukoreshwa mu kubona uburibwe bw’ubwonko kuko igaragaza ubwonko neza kurusha ibindi bipimo by’amashusho.

Akenshi hari ibara ririnjizwa mu mutsi w’amaraso uri mu kuboko mbere y’MRI. Ibara rigira amashusho meza. Ibi bituma byoroshye kubona uburibwe buto. Bishobora gufasha itsinda ry’abaganga bawe kubona itandukaniro hagati y’uburibwe bw’ubwonko n’umubiri w’ubwonko muzima.

Rimwe na rimwe ukeneye ubwoko bwihariye bwa MRI kugira ngo ukore amashusho arambuye. Urugero ni functional MRI. Iyi MRI yihariye igaragaza ibice by’ubwonko bigenzura kuvuga, kugenda n’ibindi bikorwa by’ingenzi. Ibi bifasha umuganga wawe gutegura kubaga n’ibindi bivuzi.

Ikindi kizamini cya MRI ni magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Iri suzuma rikoresha MRI mu kupima urwego rw’ibintu bimwe na bimwe biri mu turemangingo tw’uburibwe. Kugira byinshi cyangwa bike by’ibintu bishobora kubwira itsinda ry’abaganga bawe ubwoko bw’uburibwe bw’ubwonko ufite.

Magnetic resonance perfusion ni ikindi kizamini cya MRI. Iri suzuma rikoresha MRI mu kupima umubare w’amaraso uri mu bice bitandukanye by’uburibwe bw’ubwonko. Ibice by’uburibwe bufite amaraso menshi bishobora kuba ari ibice bikora cyane by’uburibwe. Itsinda ry’abaganga bawe rikoresha ayo makuru mu gutegura ubuvuzi bwawe.

PET scan y’ubwonko. PET scan, ni ukuvuga positron emission tomography scan, ishobora kubona uburibwe bumwe bw’ubwonko. PET scan ikoresha ibintu byanduye byinjizwa mu mubiri binyuze mu mutsi w’amaraso. Ibyo bintu byanduye bijya mu maraso maze bikabana n’uturemangingo tw’uburibwe bw’ubwonko. Ibyo bintu byanduye bituma uturemangingo tw’uburibwe bw’ubwonko tuboneka neza ku mashusho yafashwe na PET machine. Uturemangingo dukora cyane kandi byihuse tuzakuramo byinshi muri ibyo bintu byanduye.

PET scan ishobora kuba ifitiye akamaro cyane mu kubona uburibwe bw’ubwonko bukura cyane. Ingero harimo glioblastomas na bimwe mu bintu byitwa oligodendrogliomas. Uburibwe bw’ubwonko bukura buhoro buhoro bushobora kutagaragara kuri PET scan. Uburibwe bw’ubwonko butari kanseri busanzwe bukura buhoro, bityo PET scan ntabwo ifitiye akamaro cyane kuri ubu buribwe bw’ubwonko butari kanseri. Si buri wese ufite uburibwe bw’ubwonko ukeneye PET scan. Baza umuganga wawe niba ukeneye PET scan.

Gukusanya urugero rw’umubiri. Biopsy y’ubwonko ni uburyo bwo gukuramo urugero rw’umubiri w’uburibwe bw’ubwonko kugira ngo ugenzurwe muri laboratwari. Akenshi umuganga akuramo urugero mu gihe akora ibyo kubaga kugira ngo akureho uburibwe bw’ubwonko.

Niba kubaga bitashoboka, urugero rushobora gukurwamo hakoreshejwe igishishwa. Gukuramo urugero rw’umubiri w’uburibwe bw’ubwonko hakoreshejwe igishishwa bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwitwa stereotactic needle biopsy.

Muri ubu buryo, umwobo muto ucukura mu gipfunsi. Igishishwa gito kinjizwa muri uwo mwobo. Igishishwa gikoreshwa mu gukuramo urugero rw’umubiri. Ibipimo by’amashusho nka CT na MRI bikoreshwa mu gutegura inzira y’igishishwa. Ntuzagira icyo wumva mu gihe cyo gukuramo urugero kuko imiti ikoreshwa mu kubabara agace. Akenshi na none uhabwa imiti ikuraraza kugira ngo utabimenya.

Ushobora gukuramo urugero hakoreshejwe igishishwa aho gukora ibyo kubaga niba itsinda ry’abaganga bawe ryihutira ko kubaga bishobora kwangiza igice cy’ubwonko cyawe gikomeye. Igishishwa gishobora kuba gikenewe mu gukuramo umubiri w’uburibwe bw’ubwonko niba ubu buribwe buri ahantu bigoye kugeraho hakoreshejwe kubaga.

Gukuramo urugero rw’umubiri w’ubwonko bifite ibyago byo kugira ingaruka mbi. Ibyago birimo kuva amaraso mu bwonko no kwangiza umubiri w’ubwonko.

Urwego rw’uburibwe bw’ubwonko ruhabwa igihe uturemangingo tw’uburibwe twagereranywa muri laboratwari. Urwego rwereka itsinda ry’abaganga bawe uburyo uturemangingo dukura kandi byiyongera. Urwego rushingiye ku buryo uturemangingo bigaragara kuri mikoroskopi. Ibipimo biri hagati ya 1 na 4.

Uburibwe bw’ubwonko bw’urwego rwa 1 bukura buhoro. Uturemangingo ntabwo dutandukanye cyane n’uturemangingo twiza turi hafi. Uko urwego rugenda rwiyongera, uturemangingo ahinduka ku buryo bitangira kugaragara cyane. Uburibwe bw’ubwonko bw’urwego rwa 4 bukura cyane. Uturemangingo ntidugaragara nka uturemangingo twiza turi hafi.

Nta byiciro by’uburibwe bw’ubwonko. Ibindi bintu bya kanseri bifite ibyiciro. Kuri ibindi bintu bya kanseri, icyiciro kivuga uko kanseri yateye imbere niba yaramaze gukwirakwira. Uburibwe bw’ubwonko na kanseri y’ubwonko ntibishobora gukwirakwira, bityo ntabwo bifite ibyiciro.

Itsinda ry’abaganga bawe rikoresha amakuru yose ava mu bipimo byawe byo gusuzuma kugira ngo risobanukirwe uko ubuzima bwawe buzagenda. Uko ubuzima bwawe buzagenda ni uko bishoboka ko uburibwe bw’ubwonko bushobora gukira. Ibintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ubuzima bwawe buzagenda ku bantu bafite uburibwe bw’ubwonko birimo:

• Ubwoko bw’uburibwe bw’ubwonko.
• Uburyo uburibwe bw’ubwonko bukura.
• Aho uburibwe bw’ubwonko buri mu bwonko.
• Impinduka za ADN ziri mu turemangingo tw’uburibwe bw’ubwonko.
• Niba uburibwe bw’ubwonko bushobora gukurwaho burundu hakoreshejwe kubaga.
• Ubuzima bwawe rusange n’imibereho myiza.

Niba wifuza kumenya byinshi ku buryo ubuzima bwawe buzagenda, biganireho n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe.

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y'ubwonko bugaruka ku kumenya niba kanseri y'ubwonko ari kanseri cyangwa atari kanseri, bakunze kuyita kanseri nzima y'ubwonko. Amahitamo y'ubuvuzi arareba kandi ubwoko, ubunini, urwego n'aho kanseri y'ubwonko iherereye. Amahitamo ashobora kuba harimo kubaga, ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo, ubuvuzi bwa radiosurgery, chemotherapy na terapi yibanze. Mu gihe utekereza ku mahitamo yawe y'ubuvuzi, itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima rirasuzuma kandi ubuzima bwawe rusange n'ibyo ukunda. Ubuvuzi bushobora kutakenerwa ako kanya. Ushobora kutakenera ubuvuzi ako kanya niba kanseri y'ubwonko yawe ari nto, atari kanseri kandi nta bimenyetso itera. Kanseri nto nzima y'ubwonko ishobora kutagira aho ikura cyangwa ikura buhoro cyane ku buryo itazigera itera ibibazo. Ushobora kugira iskaneri ya MRI y'ubwonko inshuro nke mu mwaka kugira ngo urebe ko kanseri y'ubwonko ikura. Niba kanseri y'ubwonko ikura vuba cyane uko byari biteganyijwe cyangwa niba ugize ibimenyetso, ushobora kuba ukeneye ubuvuzi. Mu kubaga kwa endoscopic transsphenoidal transnasal, igikoresho cy'abaganga gishyirwa mu mazuru no ku ruhande rw'urukuta rw'amazuru kugira ngo hagerwe kuri kanseri ya pituitary. Intego yo kubaga kanseri y'ubwonko ni ukukuramo utunyangingo twose twa kanseri. Kanseri ntishobora gukurwamo burundu. Iyo bishoboka, umuganga aba agerageza gukuramo uko bishoboka kose kanseri y'ubwonko mu buryo butagira ingaruka. Kubaga gukuramo kanseri y'ubwonko bishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'ubwonko na kanseri nzima y'ubwonko. Zimwe mu kanseri z'ubwonko ni nto kandi byoroshye kuzitandukanya n'imiterere y'ubwonko iikikije. Ibi bituma bishoboka ko kanseri izakurwamo burundu. Izindi kanseri z'ubwonko ntizishobora gutandukanywa n'imiterere iikikije. Rimwe na rimwe kanseri y'ubwonko iba hafi y'agace k'ubwonko gakomeye. Kubaga bishobora kuba bigoye muri iki kibazo. Umuganga ashobora gukuramo uko bishoboka kose kanseri mu buryo butagira ingaruka. Gukuramo igice kimwe cya kanseri y'ubwonko rimwe na rimwe byitwa subtotal resection. Gukuramo igice cya kanseri y'ubwonko byawe bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso byawe. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora kubaga gukuramo kanseri y'ubwonko. Uburyo bwiza kuri wowe bugaruka ku mimerere yawe. Ingero z'ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi bwo gukuramo kanseri y'ubwonko harimo:

• Gukuramo igice cy'igikuta cy'umutwe kugira ngo hagerwe kuri kanseri y'ubwonko. Kubaga ubwonko bikubiyemo gukuramo igice cy'igikuta cy'umutwe byitwa craniotomy. Ni uburyo bwinshi bw'ibikorwa byo gukuramo kanseri y'ubwonko bikorwa. Craniotomy ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'ubwonko na kanseri nzima y'ubwonko. Umuganga akora umunwa mu ruhu rwawe. Uruhu n'imitsi bimurwa. Hanyuma umuganga akoresha igikoresho cyo gucukura kugira ngo akureho igice cy'igitugu cy'igikuta cy'umutwe. Igipande gikurwaho kugira ngo hagerwe ku bwonko. Niba kanseri iri mu bwonko, igikoresho gishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo gifashe neza imiterere y'ubwonko ikozwe neza. Kanseri y'ubwonko ikurwamo ikoresheje ibikoresho byihariye. Rimwe na rimwe laser zikoreshwa mu kurimbura kanseri. Mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi, uhabwa imiti yo kubabara kugira ngo utababara. Uhabwa kandi imiti iguha ibitotsi mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi. Rimwe na rimwe uba uba ukeye mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bw'ubwonko. Ibi bita kubaga ubwonko uba ukeye. Iyo uba ukeye, umuganga ashobora kubaza ibibazo kandi akareba ibikorwa by'ubwonko bwawe uko usubiza. Ibi bifasha kugabanya ibyago byo gukomeretsa ibice by'ubwonko bikomeye. Iyo kubaga gukuramo kanseri birangiye, igice cy'igitugu cy'igikuta cy'umutwe gisubizwaho.
• Gukoresha umuyoboro muremure, mucyeya kugira ngo hagerwe kuri kanseri y'ubwonko. Kubaga ubwonko kwa endoscopic bikubiyemo gushyira umuyoboro muremure, mucyeya mu bwonko. Uwo muyoboro witwa endoscope. Uwo muyoboro ufite ibyuma byinshi cyangwa kamera ntoya igaragaza amashusho ku muganga. Ibikoresho byihariye bishyirwa muri uwo muyoboro kugira ngo bikuremo kanseri. Kubaga ubwonko kwa endoscopic kenshi bikoresha mu kuvura kanseri ya pituitary. Izo kanseri zikura inyuma gato y'umwanya w'amazuru. Umuyoboro muremure, mucyeya ushyirwa mu mazuru no mu myanya y'amazuru hanyuma ukajya mu bwonko. Rimwe na rimwe kubaga ubwonko kwa endoscopic bikoreshwa mu gukuramo kanseri y'ubwonko mu bindi bice by'ubwonko. Umuganga ashobora gukoresha igikoresho cyo gucukura kugira ngo akore umwobo mu gikuta cy'umutwe. Umuyoboro muremure, mucyeya ushyirwa neza mu miterere y'ubwonko. Uwo muyoboro ukomeza kugeza aho ugera kuri kanseri y'ubwonko. Gukuramo igice cy'igikuta cy'umutwe kugira ngo hagerwe kuri kanseri y'ubwonko. Kubaga ubwonko bikubiyemo gukuramo igice cy'igikuta cy'umutwe byitwa craniotomy. Ni uburyo bwinshi bw'ibikorwa byo gukuramo kanseri y'ubwonko bikorwa. Craniotomy ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'ubwonko na kanseri nzima y'ubwonko. Umuganga akora umunwa mu ruhu rwawe. Uruhu n'imitsi bimurwa. Hanyuma umuganga akoresha igikoresho cyo gucukura kugira ngo akureho igice cy'igitugu cy'igikuta cy'umutwe. Igipande gikurwaho kugira ngo hagerwe ku bwonko. Niba kanseri iri mu bwonko, igikoresho gishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo gifashe neza imiterere y'ubwonko ikozwe neza. Kanseri y'ubwonko ikurwamo ikoresheje ibikoresho byihariye. Rimwe na rimwe laser zikoreshwa mu kurimbura kanseri. Mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi, uhabwa imiti yo kubabara kugira ngo utababara. Uhabwa kandi imiti iguha ibitotsi mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi. Rimwe na rimwe uba uba ukeye mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bw'ubwonko. Ibi bita kubaga ubwonko uba ukeye. Iyo uba ukeye, umuganga ashobora kubaza ibibazo kandi akareba ibikorwa by'ubwonko bwawe uko usubiza. Ibi bifasha kugabanya ibyago byo gukomeretsa ibice by'ubwonko bikomeye. Iyo kubaga gukuramo kanseri birangiye, igice cy'igitugu cy'igikuta cy'umutwe gisubizwaho. Gukoresha umuyoboro muremure, mucyeya kugira ngo hagerwe kuri kanseri y'ubwonko. Kubaga ubwonko kwa endoscopic bikubiyemo gushyira umuyoboro muremure, mucyeya mu bwonko. Uwo muyoboro witwa endoscope. Uwo muyoboro ufite ibyuma byinshi cyangwa kamera ntoya igaragaza amashusho ku muganga. Ibikoresho byihariye bishyirwa muri uwo muyoboro kugira ngo bikuremo kanseri. Kubaga ubwonko kwa endoscopic kenshi bikoresha mu kuvura kanseri ya pituitary. Izo kanseri zikura inyuma gato y'umwanya w'amazuru. Umuyoboro muremure, mucyeya ushyirwa mu mazuru no mu myanya y'amazuru hanyuma ukajya mu bwonko. Rimwe na rimwe kubaga ubwonko kwa endoscopic bikoreshwa mu gukuramo kanseri y'ubwonko mu bindi bice by'ubwonko. Umuganga ashobora gukoresha igikoresho cyo gucukura kugira ngo akore umwobo mu gikuta cy'umutwe. Umuyoboro muremure, mucyeya ushyirwa neza mu miterere y'ubwonko. Uwo muyoboro ukomeza kugeza aho ugera kuri kanseri y'ubwonko. Kubaga gukuramo kanseri y'ubwonko bifite ibyago byo kugira ingaruka mbi n'ibibazo. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo kwandura, kuva amaraso, amaraso akabikira no gukomeretsa imiterere y'ubwonko. Ibindi byago bishobora kugaruka ku gice cy'ubwonko aho kanseri iherereye. Urugero, kubaga kanseri iri hafi y'imitsi ihuza n'amaso bishobora kugira ibyago byo kubura ubwenge. Kubaga gukuramo kanseri ku mitsi igenzura kumva bishobora gutera ibibazo byo kumva. Ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo bwa kanseri y'ubwonko bukoresha imbaraga nyinshi zo kwica utunyangingo twa kanseri. Ingufu zishobora kuza mu maradiyo ya X, protoni n'izindi nkomoko. Ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo bwa kanseri y'ubwonko busanzwe buva mu gikoresho kiri hanze y'umubiri. Ibi bita amiradiyo y'inyuma. Gake, amiradiyo ashobora gushyirwa mu mubiri. Ibi bita brachytherapy. Ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo bushobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'ubwonko na kanseri nzima y'ubwonko. Ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo y'inyuma busanzwe bukorwa mu buvuzi bugufi bwa buri munsi. Gahunda isanzwe y'ubuvuzi ishobora kuba ikubiyemo kuvurwa kwa amiradiyo iminsi itanu mu cyumweru ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 6. Amaradiyo y'inyuma ashobora kwibanda gusa ku gice cy'ubwonko cyawe aho kanseri iherereye, cyangwa ashobora gushyirwa ku bwonko bwawe bwose. Abantu benshi bafite kanseri y'ubwonko bazaba bafite amiradiyo agenewe agace kari hafi ya kanseri. Niba hari kanseri nyinshi, ubwonko bwose bushobora kuba ukeneye ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo. Iyo ubwonko bwose buvuzwe, byitwa amiradiyo y'ubwonko bwose. Amaradiyo y'ubwonko bwose ikoreshwa cyane mu kuvura kanseri ikwirakwira mu bwonko iva mu gice kimwe cy'umubiri kandi ikaba yateye kanseri nyinshi mu bwonko. Ubusanzwe, ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo bukoresha amaradiyo ya X, ariko uburyo bushya bw'ubu buvuzi bukoresha ingufu za protoni. Ibyuma bya protoni bishobora kugerwaho neza kugira ngo bikomereze utunyangingo twa kanseri gusa. Bishobora kuba bigoye gukomeretsa imiterere ikozwe neza hafi aho. Ubuvuzi bwa protoni bushobora gufasha mu kuvura kanseri y'ubwonko mu bana. Bishobora kandi gufasha mu kuvura kanseri iri hafi cyane y'ibice by'ubwonko bikomeye. Ubuvuzi bwa protoni ntibuboneka cyane nk'ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo ya X. Ingaruka mbi z'ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo bwa kanseri y'ubwonko zigaragara ku bwoko n'umwanya w'amiradiyo uhabwa. Ingaruka mbi zisanzwe ziba mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi cyangwa nyuma yaho ni umunaniro, kubabara umutwe, kubura kwibuka, guhumeka umutwe no gutakaza umusatsi. Rimwe na rimwe ingaruka mbi z'ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo zigaragara nyuma y'imyaka myinshi. Izo ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba harimo ibibazo byo kwibuka no gutekereza. Ikikoresho cya stereotactic radiosurgery gikoresha amaradiyo ya gamma make kugira ngo gitange umwanya uhamye w'amiradiyo ku ntego. Stereotactic radiosurgery ya kanseri y'ubwonko ni uburyo bukomeye bw'ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo. Igamije amiradiyo ava mu mpande nyinshi kuri kanseri y'ubwonko. Buri muti ntabwo ukomeye cyane. Ariko aho imiti ihurira habona umwanya munini w'amiradiyo uhitana utunyangingo twa kanseri. Radiosurgery ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'ubwonko na kanseri nzima y'ubwonko. Hariho uburyo butandukanye bw'ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa muri radiosurgery gutanga amiradiyo yo kuvura kanseri y'ubwonko. Ingero zimwe harimo:
• Radiosurgery ya linear accelerator. Imashini ya linear accelerator izwi kandi nka mashini ya LINAC. Mashini za LINAC zizwi ku mazina yazo, nka CyberKnife, TrueBeam n'izindi. Mashini ya LINAC igamije imbaraga z'ingufu zifite ishusho neza rimwe na rimwe kuva mu mpande zitandukanye. Izo mbaraga zikorerwa amaradiyo ya X.
• Radiosurgery ya Gamma Knife. Mashini ya Gamma Knife igamije amiradiyo make rimwe na rimwe. Izo mbaraga zikorerwa amaradiyo ya gamma.
• Radiosurgery ya protoni. Radiosurgery ya protoni ikoresha imbaraga zikorerwa protoni. Ni uburyo bushya bwa radiosurgery. Irahinduka isanzwe ariko ntiboneka muri za hopitali zose. Radiosurgery isanzwe ikorwa mu buvuzi bumwe cyangwa mu buvuzi buke. Ushobora gutaha nyuma y'ubuvuzi kandi ntukeneye kurara muri hopitali. Ingaruka mbi za radiosurgery harimo kumva unaniwe cyane no guhinduka kw'uruhu rwawe ku mutwe. Uruhu rwawe ku mutwe rushobora kumva rwakaye, rukarishye kandi rukagira uburibwe. Ushobora kugira ibikomere ku ruhu cyangwa gutakaza umusatsi. Rimwe na rimwe gutakaza umusatsi biba burundu. Chemotherapy ya kanseri y'ubwonko ikoresha imiti ikomeye yo kwica utunyangingo twa kanseri. Imiti ya chemotherapy ishobora gufatwa mu buryo bw'uduti cyangwa igashyirwa mu mubiri. Rimwe na rimwe imiti ya chemotherapy ishyirwa mu miterere y'ubwonko mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi. Chemotherapy ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'ubwonko na kanseri nzima y'ubwonko. Rimwe na rimwe ikorwa igihe kimwe n'ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo. Ingaruka mbi za chemotherapy zigaragara ku bwoko n'umwanya w'imiti uhabwa. Chemotherapy ishobora gutera isesemi, kuruka no gutakaza umusatsi. Terapi yibanze ya kanseri y'ubwonko ikoresha imiti itera ibintu byihariye biri mu miterere ya kanseri. Mu kuburizamo ibyo bintu, ubuvuzi bugenewe bushobora gutera utunyangingo twa kanseri gupfa. Imiti ya terapi yibanze iboneka kuri zimwe mu bwoko bwa kanseri y'ubwonko na kanseri nzima y'ubwonko. Utunyangingo twa kanseri y'ubwonko twawe dushobora gupimwa kugira ngo turebe niba terapi yibanze ishobora kugufasha. Nyuma y'ubuvuzi, ushobora kuba ukeneye ubufasha kugira ngo usubire mu buzima busanzwe mu gice cy'ubwonko cyari gifite kanseri. Ushobora kuba ukeneye ubufasha mu kwimuka, kuvuga, kubona no gutekereza. Hashingiwe ku byo ukeneye, umuvuzi wawe ashobora kugutekerezaho:
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri kugira ngo ugufashe gusubirana ubuhanga bwo kwimuka cyangwa imbaraga z'imitsi.
• Ubuvuzi bw'akazi kugira ngo ugufashe gusubira mu bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi, harimo n'akazi.
• Ubuvuzi bw'amagambo kugira ngo ugufashe niba kuvuga bigoye.
• Kwigisha abana bari mu kigero cyo kwiga kugira ngo babafashe guhangana n'impinduka mu kwibuka no gutekereza. Andika kugira ngo ubone amakuru mashya ku buvuzi bwa kanseri y'ubwonko, ibizamini n'ubuvuzi. inkuru yo guhagarika imeri. Ubushakashatsi buke bwakozwe ku buvuzi bw'inyongera n'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y'ubwonko. Nta buvuzi bw'inyongera bwahamye ko bukiza kanseri y'ubwonko. Ariko, ubuvuzi bw'inyongera bushobora kugufasha guhangana n'umunaniro uterwa no kumenya ko ufite kanseri y'ubwonko. Ubuvuzi bumwe bw'inyongera bushobora kugufasha guhangana harimo:
• Ubuvuzi bw'ubugeni.
• Imikino ngororamubiri.
• Gutekereza.
• Ubuvuzi bw'umuziki.
• Imikino yo kuruhuka. Ganira n'itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima ku mahitamo yawe. Bamwe mu bantu bavuga ko kumenya ko ufite kanseri y'ubwonko yumvikana nk'ikintu kidasanzwe kandi giteye ubwoba. Bishobora gutuma wumva ufite ubushobozi buke ku buzima bwawe. Bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo gusobanukirwa uko uhagaze no kuvuga ibyiyumvo byawe. Tekereza kugerageza:
• Kumenya ibyerekeye kanseri y'ubwonko kugira ngo ufate ibyemezo ku bijyanye no kwitaho. Baza umuvuzi wawe ku bwoko bwawe bwa kanseri y'ubwonko. Baza ku mahitamo yawe y'ubuvuzi, kandi niba ukunda, uko bizakugenda. Uko uzajya umenya byinshi kuri kanseri y'ubwonko, uzajya wumva wishimye cyane mu gufata ibyemezo by'ubuvuzi. Shaka amakuru ava ku masosiyete yizewe, nka American Cancer Society na National Cancer Institute.
• Kugumana n'inshuti n'umuryango. Kugumana umubano wawe ukomeye bizagufasha guhangana na kanseri y'ubwonko. Inshuti n'umuryango bashobora gutanga ubufasha ukeneye, nko kugufasha kwita ku rugo rwawe niba uri mu bitaro. Kandi bashobora kuba ubufasha bwo mu mutima iyo wumva unaniwe na kanseri.
• Shaka umuntu wo kuvugana na we. Shaka umuntu wumva akakwumva kandi ukaba ushaka kumva ibyifuzo byawe n'ubwoba bwawe. Uwo muntu ashobora kuba inshuti, umuryango cyangwa umukozi w'idini. Baza itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima kugira ngo bagutekerezeho umujyanama cyangwa umukozi w'imibereho mu buvuzi ushobora kuvugana na we. Baza itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima ku matsinda y'ubufasha ya kanseri y'ubwonko mu karere kawe. Bishobora kugufasha kumenya uko abandi bari mu mimerere nk'iyawe bahangana n'ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuvuzi. Shaka umuntu wo kuvugana na we. Shaka umuntu wumva akakwumva kandi ukaba ushaka kumva ibyifuzo byawe n'ubwoba bwawe. Uwo muntu ashobora kuba inshuti, umuryango cyangwa umukozi w'idini. Baza itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima kugira ngo bagutekerezeho umujyanama cyangwa umukozi w'imibereho mu buvuzi ushobora kuvugana na we. Baza itsinda ryawe ry'ubuzima ku matsinda y'ubufasha ya kanseri y'ubwonko mu karere kawe. Bishobora kugufasha kumenya uko abandi bari mu mimerere nk'iyawe bahangana n'ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuvuzi.