Ibihombo Bya Nyuma Ya Poliyo

Indwara ya Post-polio ni itsinda ry’ibimenyetso n’ibibazo bishobora kubuza umuntu gukora imirimo ye, bikagaragara nyuma y’imyaka myinshi umuntu arwaye agakoko ka polio. Ibi bimenyetso n’ibibazo ubusanzwe bigaragara hagati y’imyaka 30 na 40 nyuma yo kurwara polio.

Ubwandu bw’agakoko ka polio bwahoze butera ubumuga bw’ingingo no gupfa. Ariko, kwinjiza inkingo ya polio mu myaka ya 1950 byagabanije cyane ikwirakwira rya polio.

Muri iki gihe, abantu bake cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere bafite ubumuga bw’ingingo buterwa n’agakoko ka polio, akenshi bijyanye n’ingaruka z’ubwoko bumwe bw’inkingo. Ariko, hakiri abantu benshi barwaye polio bakiri bato, bashobora kuzagira indwara ya post-polio mu myaka yabo y’ubukure.

Indwara y'ingaruka z'igituntu gusa irashwanye abantu barwaye igituntu. Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bisanzwe by'indwara y'ingaruka z'igituntu birimo:

• Kugira intege nke mu mitsi no mu bice by'umubiri, ndetse no kubabara, bikagenda birushaho kuba bibi uko iminsi igenda
• Kumva unaniwe cyane kandi unaniwe vuba
• Gutakaza umubiri w'imitsi (atrophy)
• Kugira ibibazo byo guhumeka cyangwa kwishima
• Kugira ibibazo byo guhumeka mu gihe cyo kuryama, nko gusinzira uhagaze
• Kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe buke

Indwara y'ingaruka z'igituntu itera gahoro gahoro mu bantu benshi. Bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bishya n'ibibonwa, bakurikirwa n'ibihe by'ituze.

Jya kwa muganga niba ufite intege nke cyangwa umunaniro wiyongera. Ni ingenzi gupima izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera ibimenyetso byawe no kumenya niba ufite indwara ya post-polio.

Hari impamvu nyinshi zivugwa ku cyateza indwara ya Post-Polio Syndrome, ariko ntawe urabizi neza.

Iyo virusi ya Poliyo yanduye umubiri wawe, igira ingaruka ku turemangingo tw'imikaya twitwa imikaya itwara ubutumwa (impulso z'amashanyarazi) hagati y'ubwonko bwawe n'imikaya yawe. Virusi ya Poliyo ikunda kwibasira imikaya iri mu mugongo.

Buri mikaya igizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ibanze:

*Akayoya k'uturemangingo *Urutare rukuru rukomeye (axon) *Urutare rwinshi rutonotse (dendrites)

Ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na syndrome nyuma ya polio birimo:

• Ubukana bw'ubwandu bwa polio bwambere. Uko ubwandu bwambere bukomeye, ni ko bishoboka cyane ko uzagira ibimenyetso bya syndrome nyuma ya polio.
• Imyaka y'uburwayi bwambere. Niba warwaye polio mu gihe cy'ubwangavu cyangwa mu bukure aho kuba mu buto, amahirwe yo kwibasirwa na syndrome nyuma ya polio arashobora kwiyongera.
• Gukira. Uko wakize neza nyuma ya polio ikomeye, ni ko bishoboka cyane ko syndrome nyuma ya polio izakubaho. Ibi bishobora kuba biterwa n'uko gukira neza bisaba imbaraga nyinshi ku mitsi y'imikaya.
• Imikino ikabije. Niba ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyane kugeza aho unaniwe cyangwa uruhagaze, ushobora gukoresha cyane imitsi y'imikaya imaze kunanirwa, bikongere ibyago byo kwibasirwa na syndrome nyuma ya polio.

Indwara y'inyuma y'igicurane kirarengeje akenshi ntiyahitana, ariko intege nke zikomeye z'imikaya zishobora gutera ingaruka mbi:

• Ugwa. Intege nke mu mikaya y'amaguru bituma byoroshye kugwa. Noneho ushobora kwangiza igice cy'umubiri, nko mu kibuno, bigatuma habaho izindi ngaruka mbi.

• Uruguru. Uruguru rusanzwe cyane mu bantu bafite indwara y'inyuma y'igicurane kirarengeje. Uruguru rushobora kuba rudakora, na nyuma y'imirimo mike cyane. Bishobora kandi gutera ibibazo byo gutekereza no kwibuka.

• Kubabara. Ibibazo by'imikaya n'intege nke z'imikaya bishobora gutera ububabare buhoraho.

• Imvura mibi, kukama no kurwara icyibyo. Abantu barwaye igicurane kirarengeje cyibasiye imitsi ijya mu mikaya ikoreshwa mu gusya no kwishima, bakunze kugira ibibazo muri ibi bikorwa kandi bagaragaza ibimenyetso by'izindi ndwara ziterwa n'igicurane kirarengeje.

  Ibibazo byo gusya no kwishima bishobora gutera imirire mibi no kukama, ndetse no kurwara icyibyo, iterwa no kwinjiza ibice by'ibiribwa mu bihaha (kwishima).

• Kudakora neza kw'ibihaha buhoraho. Intege nke mu gikari n'imikaya yo mu gituza bituma bigoye guhumeka cyane no gukorora, ibyo bishobora gutera amazi n'imyanda gukusanyiriza mu bihaha.

  Ubumwe bw'umubiri, kunywa itabi, kugororoka kw'umugongo, anesthésie, kudakora igihe kirekire no gufata imiti imwe bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwawe bwo guhumeka, bishobora gutera igabanuka rikomeye ry'umwuka mu maraso (kudakora neza kw'ibihaha). Noneho ushobora gukenera kuvurwa kugira ngo ugire uko uhemba (ubuvuzi bwo guhumeka).

• Osteoporose. Kudakora igihe kirekire no kudakora imirimo rusange bikunze kujyana no kubura ubutare mu magufwa na osteoporose mu bagabo n'abagore. Niba ufite indwara y'inyuma y'igicurane kirarengeje, vugana na muganga wawe ku bipimo by'ubutare mu magufwa.

• Ibibazo byo kuryama. Apnée y'uburwayi n'uburwayi bw'amaguru buhoraho bisanzwe mu bantu bafite indwara y'inyuma y'igicurane kirarengeje. Ibi bibazo byo kuryama bishobora kurushaho kuba bibi igihe udashobora gusinzira neza n'uruguru niba bitavuwe.

Nta kizami cyihariye kigaragaza indwara ya post-polio syndrome. Isuzuma ry’uburwayi rishingira ku mateka y’uburwayi n’isuzuma ry’umubiri, no gukuraho izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso n’ibibazo.

Mu gupima indwara ya post-polio syndrome,abaganga bashaka ibimenyetso bitatu:

Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ibimenyetso n’ibibazo bya post-polio syndrome bisa n’iby’izindi ndwara, muganga wawe azagerageza gukuraho izindi mpamvu zishoboka, nka arthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome na scoliosis.

Kubera ko nta bipimo byemeza ibizami bya post-polio syndrome, muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ibizami bimwe na bimwe kugira ngo akureho izindi ndwara, birimo:

Electromyography (EMG) n’ibizamini byo kuyobora imiyoboro y’imiterere. Electromyography ipimira amashanyarazi make cyane ava mu mitsi. Electrode y’igitambara gito ishyirwa mu mitsi igomba gupimwa. Igikoresho cyandika ibikorwa by’amashanyarazi mu mitsu yawe igihe uri amahoro no mugihe utera imbaraga umutsi.

Mu buryo bwa electromyography (EMG) bita ibizamini byo kuyobora imiyoboro y’imiterere, electrode ebyiri zirahambirwa ku ruhu rwawe hejuru y’umuyoboro w’imiterere ugomba gupimwa. Amashanyarazi make anyuza mu muyoboro w’imiterere kugira ngo apime umuvuduko w’ibimenyetso by’imiterere. Ibi bipimo bifasha kumenya no gukuraho indwara nka uburwayi butari bwo bw’imiterere yawe (neuropathy) n’uburwayi bw’imiterere y’umutsi (myopathy).

Isuzuma ritakora ku mubiri ryerekana isezerano ryo gupima uburemere bwa post-polio syndrome no gukurikirana iterambere ryayo ni ultrasound y’imitsi, ikoresha ibishushanyo by’amajwi kugira ngo ikore amashusho y’imitsi. Hari hakenewe ubundi bushakashatsi.

• Isuzuma ryabanje rya polio. Ibi bishobora gusaba gushaka imyirondoro y’ubuvuzi ya kera cyangwa kubona amakuru ava mu bantu bakuru bo mu muryango.

• Igihe kirekire nyuma yo gukira. Abantu bakira igitero cya mbere cya polio bakunda kubaho imyaka myinshi batagira ibindi bimenyetso cyangwa ibibazo. Itangira ry’ingaruka zikurikira rihinduka cyane ariko ubusanzwe ritangira nibura imyaka 15 nyuma y’isuzuma rya mbere.

• Itangira buhoro buhoro. Kugabanuka kw’imbaraga nyuma yaho bibaho ubusanzwe mu mitsi yari yarahungabanyijwe igihe cy’uburwayi bwa polio bwa mbere. Kugabanuka kw’imbaraga akenshi ntibigaragara kugeza igihe bibangamiye ibikorwa bya buri munsi. Ushobora kubyuka umeze neza ariko ukumva unaniwe mu masaha ya nyuma ya saa sita, unaniwe nyuma y’ibikorwa byari byoroshye.

• Electromyography (EMG) n’ibizamini byo kuyobora imiyoboro y’imiterere. Electromyography ipimira amashanyarazi make cyane ava mu mitsi. Electrode y’igitambara gito ishyirwa mu mitsi igomba gupimwa. Igikoresho cyandika ibikorwa by’amashanyarazi mu mitsu yawe igihe uri amahoro no mugihe utera imbaraga umutsi.

Mu buryo bwa electromyography (EMG) bita ibizamini byo kuyobora imiyoboro y’imiterere, electrode ebyiri zirahambirwa ku ruhu rwawe hejuru y’umuyoboro w’imiterere ugomba gupimwa. Amashanyarazi make anyuza mu muyoboro w’imiterere kugira ngo apime umuvuduko w’ibimenyetso by’imiterere. Ibi bipimo bifasha kumenya no gukuraho indwara nka uburwayi butari bwo bw’imiterere yawe (neuropathy) n’uburwayi bw’imiterere y’umutsi (myopathy).

• Amashusho. Muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka gukora Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cyangwa computed tomography (CT) scan kugira ngo abone amashusho y’ubwonko bwawe n’umugongo. Ibi bipimo bishobora gufasha gukuraho indwara z’umugongo, nka spondylosis cyangwa kugabanuka kw’umugongo wawe gushyira igitutu ku miterere yawe (spinal stenosis).
• Gusuzumwa kw’imitsi. Gusuzumwa kw’imitsi bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo bifashe muganga wawe gushaka ibimenyetso by’izindi ndwara zishobora gutera intege nke.
• Ibizami by’amaraso. Abantu bafite post-polio syndrome ubusanzwe bagira ibisubizo bisanzwe by’ibizamini by’amaraso. Ibisubizo bitari bisanzwe by’ibizamini by’amaraso bishobora kugaragaza indi ndwara iri inyuma itera ibimenyetso byawe.

Nta muti umwe uvuza ibimenyetso bitandukanye bya syndrome nyuma ya polio. Intego y’ubuvuzi ni ugucunga ibimenyetso byawe no kugufasha kumera neza kandi ukaba ufite ubwigenge uko bishoboka kose. Dore bimwe mu bisubizo byo kuvura bishobora kugufasha gucunga ibimenyetso bya syndrome nyuma ya polio:

Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri. Muganga wawe cyangwa umuvuzi ashobora kwandika imyitozo yo gukora kugira ngo ukomeze imikaya yawe udatangiye kunanirwa. Ibi bikunze kuba harimo ibikorwa bidakomeye, nko koga cyangwa siporo mu mazi, ukora buri munsi undi uburuhukira mu buryo buhagaze neza.

Gukora imyitozo yo kugumana ubuzima bwiza ni ingenzi, ariko wirinda gukoresha cyane imikaya yawe n’ingingo zawe no gukora imyitozo kugeza ubwo ubona ububabare cyangwa kunanirwa.

Ibindi bisubizo byo kuvura bishoboka bishobora kuba birimo imiti igabanya ibitotsi gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise), ikunze gukoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare bw’imitsi. Imiti igabanya ububabare ikoreshwa igihe kirekire muri rusange ntikwiye gukoreshwa kubera ingaruka mbi zayo z’igihe kirekire. Wowe na muganga wawe mugomba kuganira ku buryo bukwiye bwo kuvura kugira ngo mubashe gucunga ububabare bwawe n’ibimenyetso.

• Kubungabunga imbaraga. Ibi bisobanura kugendera ku muvuduko w’ibikorwa byawe by’umubiri no kuruhuka kenshi kugira ngo ugabanye umunaniro. Ibikoresho bifasha — nka inkoni, igiti, igare cyangwa moto — bishobora kugufasha kubungabunga imbaraga. Kugira agatambaro ko gufata mu bwogero cyangwa intebe yo mu musarani ijyanye n’uburebure bwawe bishobora kandi kugufasha. Umuvuzi ashobora kukwereka uburyo bwo guhumeka bugufasha kubungabunga imbaraga.
• Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri. Muganga wawe cyangwa umuvuzi ashobora kwandika imyitozo yo gukora kugira ngo ukomeze imikaya yawe udatangiye kunanirwa. Ibi bikunze kuba harimo ibikorwa bidakomeye, nko koga cyangwa siporo mu mazi, ukora buri munsi undi uburuhukira mu buryo buhagaze neza.

Gukora imyitozo yo kugumana ubuzima bwiza ni ingenzi, ariko wirinda gukoresha cyane imikaya yawe n’ingingo zawe no gukora imyitozo kugeza ubwo ubona ububabare cyangwa kunanirwa.

• Ubuvuzi bw’amagambo. Umuvuzi w’amagambo ashobora kukwereka uburyo bwo guhangana n’uburyo bwo kurya bigoye. Imyitozo yo gukomeza ijwi ishobora kandi kugufasha.
• Kuvura indwara zo gusinzira. Ushobora kuba ukeneye guhindura uburyo bwawe bwo gusinzira, nko kwirinda gusinzira uri kuryama hasi, cyangwa gukoresha igikoresho gifasha gufungura inzira y’umwuka iyo usinziriye. Niba ufite indwara yo kugira amaguru adatuza, kuvura iyo ndwara bishobora kugufasha kunoza ibitotsi no kugabanya umunaniro.
• Imiti. Imiti igabanya ububabare — nka aspirine, acetaminophen (Tylenol, izindi) na ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, izindi) — ishobora kugabanya ububabare bw’imikaya n’ingingo.

Kugira ngo wongere uhura n'uburwayi wari utekereza ko bwarangiye bishobora gutera umuntu kwiheba cyangwa bikamurenza ubushobozi. Kugira ngo ukire indwara ya mbere byasabaga imbaraga n'ukuhangana, ariko ubu ingaruka z'igituntu zikubuza kuruhuka no kubika imbaraga zawe.

Dore ibitekerezo bimwe:

• Kugabanya ibikorwa biteza ububabare cyangwa umunaniro. Umujinya niwo muti. Gukora cyane ku munsi mwiza bishobora gutuma iminsi myinshi ikurikiyeho iba mibi.
• Kwirinda gukonja. Gukonja byongera umunaniro w'imikaya. Komereza mu rugo rwawe ubushyuhe bukwiye kandi wambare imyenda myinshi, cyane cyane iyo ugiye hanze.
• Kwirinda kugwa. Kuraho amapataro n'ibintu byose bishobora gutera impanuka hasi, wambare inkweto nziza, kandi wirinda ahantu hashobora kugwa cyangwa aho hari urubura.
• Kugira ubuzima buzira umuze. Funga indyo yuzuye, reka kunywa itabi kandi ugabanye kunywa ikawa kugira ngo ugume ufite ubuzima bwiza, uhumeke neza kandi uryama neza.
• Kuringaniza ibihaha byawe. Niba ubusembwa bwawe bugoye, menya ibimenyetso by'indwara y'ubuhumekero ikomeye kandi uyivuza vuba. Ntukanywe itabi, kandi ugume ufite inkingo za grippe na pneumoni.