Schizophrenia ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Schizophrenia ni indwara ikomeye yo mu mutwe ihungabanya uburyo ubwonko bwawe butunganya ibitekerezo, ibyiyumvo, n'imyumvire. Ishobora gutuma ubona ukuri mu buryo butandukanye n'abandi bantu bari hafi yawe, bigatuma ugira ibimenyetso nko kumva amajwi, kugira imyizerere idasanzwe, cyangwa kugorana gutegura ibitekerezo byawe.

Iyi ndwara isanzwe itangira mu myaka y'ubwangavu cyangwa mu ntangiriro z'imyaka mirongo itatu, kandi igera kuri umwe mu bantu 100 ku isi hose. Nubwo schizophrenia ari indwara yo kubana nayo ubuzima bwose, abantu benshi babaho ubuzima buhamye bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'inkunga. Gusobanukirwa ibyo isobanura bishobora kugabanya ubwoba n'ikimwaro, kandi bigatuma wowe cyangwa abakunzi bawe mushaka ubufasha bukwiye.

Schizophrenia ni iki?

Schizophrenia ni indwara y'ubwonko idakira ihungabanya uburyo ubwenge bwawe busobanura ukuri. Ibarizwa mu itsinda ry'ibibazo byitwa indwara zo mu mutwe zituma umuntu atamenya icyari ukuri.

Tekereza ku bwonko bwawe nk'imikorere itandukanye ikuyobora gutekereza, kumva, no kubona isi. Muri schizophrenia, iyi mikorere ntiyemeranya neza. Ubu butagira ubumwe butuma ugira ibimenyetso ushobora kugira, nko kumva ibintu abandi batumva cyangwa kwemera ibintu bitari ukuri.

Iyi ndwara igira ingaruka kuri buri wese mu buryo butandukanye. Bamwe bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje bigenda bigaruka, abandi bagira ibibazo bikomeye. Ikintu gikomeye ni uko schizophrenia ari indwara, atari ikosa cyangwa ikintu ushobora gukira gusa.

Ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia bigabanywa mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi, kandi ushobora kugira kimwe muri byo cyangwa byose. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuza buhoro buhoro mu mezi menshi cyangwa bigakwirakwira vuba.

Itsinda rya mbere ririmo ibyo abaganga bita “ibimenyetso byiza,” bisobanura uburambe bwongerwa ku myumvire yawe isanzwe:

• Urubuza: Ushobora kumva amajwi nta muntu uvugira, ukabona ibintu abandi batabona, cyangwa ukumva ibintu ku ruhu rwawe bitariho
• Guhuzagurika mu bitekerezo: Ushobora kugira imyizerere ikomeye abandi babona ko idasanzwe cyangwa idakurikije ukuri, nko gutekereza ko hari umuntu akukurikirana cyangwa ko ufite imbaraga zidasanzwe
• Guhuzagurika mu bitekerezo: Ibitekerezo byawe bishobora guhinduka uko bishakiye mu buryo budasobanuka ku bandi, cyangwa ushobora guhimba amagambo mashya
• Imikorere idasanzwe: Ushobora gukora ibintu bigaragara ko bidahuje n’abandi, nko kwambara imyenda myinshi mu gihe cy’izuba cyangwa kugenda mu buryo buhora buhinduka

Itsinda rya kabiri ririmo “ibimenyetso bibi,” bisobanura kutagira imyitwarire isanzwe n’amarangamutima:

• Kugabanuka k’amarangamutima: Ushobora kuvuga mu ijwi ridafite amarangamutima cyangwa ukagaragaza amarangamutima make ugereranije n’ibisanzwe
• Kugabanuka kw’ishusho: Gutangira cyangwa kurangiza ibikorwa bishobora kuba bigoye cyane, ndetse n’imirimo ya buri munsi
• Kwirukana mu mibanire n’abandi: Ushobora gutakaza ubushake bwo kumara igihe n’inshuti n’umuryango
• Kugabanuka kw’amagambo: Ushobora kuvuga bike ugereranije n’uko wabikoraga mbere cyangwa ukagira ibisubizo bigufi cyane ku bibazo
• Kubura ubushize amanga: Ibikorwa wakundaga mbere bishobora kutakuguha ibyishimo ukundi

Itsinda rya gatatu ririmo ibimenyetso byo mu bwenge bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gutekereza:

• Ibibazo byo kwibuka: Ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo kwibuka ibintu byabaye vuba aha cyangwa gukurikirana amakuru
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kwibanda: Kwibanda ku mirimo, gusoma, cyangwa gukurikira ibiganiro bishobora kuba bigoye
• Ibibazo mu gufata ibyemezo: Guhitamo ibintu byoroshye bishobora kuba bigoye cyangwa biguhangayikisha

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane ukurikije umuntu ku wundi. Bamwe bagira amahane n’ibyiyumviro bidafite ishingiro cyane, abandi bakagira ibibazo byinshi mu bijyanye n’ishusho n’imibanire n’abandi. Ibuka ko kugira kimwe cyangwa bibiri muri ibi bintu ntibihamya ko ufite indwara ya schizophrenia.

Ubwoko bwa schizophrenia ni ubuhe?

Abaganga bahoze basobanura schizophrenia mu bwoko runaka, ariko ubu bayifata nk’uburwayi bumwe bufite ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Ariko, gusobanukirwa ibyiciro bya kera bishobora kugufasha kumenya imiterere itandukanye y’ibimenyetso.

Mbere, ubwoko nyamukuru bwari burimo schizophrenia ya paranoid (ibyerekeye ibyiyumviro bidafite ishingiro n’amahane), schizophrenia idahwitse (irangwa no gutekereza guhuzagurika no kuvuga), na schizophrenia ya catatonic (irangwa n’imikorere idasanzwe y’umubiri). Ubu, abaganga bashishikajwe cyane n’ibimenyetso runaka urimo kurwara kuruta kugushyira mu gice runaka.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kuvugana nawe ku ndwara zifitanye isano nka schizoaffective disorder, ihuriweho n’ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia hamwe n’ibyiciro by’amarangamutima, cyangwa brief psychotic disorder, irangwa n’igihe gito cy’ibimenyetso byo mu mutwe. Uburambe bwa buri muntu ni bwihariwe, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura bugereranywa n’ibimenyetso byawe byihariye.

Ni iki gatera schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia iterwa n’ivangura rikomeye ry’imiterere ya gene, ubwonko, n’ibintu by’ibidukikije bikorera hamwe. Nta kintu kimwe giterwa n’iyi ndwara, niyo mpamvu abashakashatsi bakomeza kwiga uburyo ibyo bintu bitandukanye bihuza.

Genes zawe zigira uruhare runini, ariko ntizivuga byose. Niba ufite umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe ufite schizophrenia, ibyago byawe byiyongera kugera kuri 10%, ugereranyije na 1% mu baturage muri rusange. Ariko, abantu benshi bafite abagize umuryango bafite schizophrenia ntibayirwara.

Uburwayi bwa schizophrenia buterwa n’impinduka mu buryo ubwonko bukora n’imiterere yabwo. Ubwonko bwacu bukoresha ubutumwa bwa chimique twita neurotransmitters mu gutuma amakuru ava mu uturemangingo ajya mu tundi. Mu barwaye schizophrenia, uburyo ibi bintu byakorana, cyane cyane dopamine na glutamate, biba byahungabanye.

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutera schizophrenia mu bantu basanzwe bafite ibyago byo kuyirwara:

• Ibintu byabaye mbere y’uko umwana avuka: Indwara zandura, imirire mibi, cyangwa umunaniro mu gihe umubyeyi atwite bishobora kongera ibyago
• Ingorane mu gihe cy’ivuka: Kubura umwuka mu gihe cy’ivuka cyangwa kuvuka imburagihe bishobora kugira uruhare
• Umunaniro wo mu bwana: Ihohoterwa rikomeye mu byiyumvo, mu mubiri, cyangwa iryo gukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina rishobora kongera ibyago
• Ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge: Ikoreshwa rya cannabis mu gihe cy’ubwangavu, cyane cyane ubwoko bufite THC nyinshi, bishobora gutera ibimenyetso mu bantu bafite ibyago
• Ibintu bijyanye n’imibereho: Kuba mu mijyi minini, kwimukira, no kuba wenyine bishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubwo burwayi
• Indwara zandura: Zimwe mu ndwara zandura ziterwa na virusi mu gihe cy’iterambere ry’ubwonko bishobora kongera ibyago

Akenshi, ibintu bituma umuntu ahangayika biba byabanjirije ubwo burwayi bwa mbere bwa schizophrenia. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo urupfu rw’umuntu ukundwa, ibibazo mu rukundo, cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mu buzima. Ariko, guhangayika gusa ntibitera schizophrenia mu bantu badafite ibyago byo kuyirwara.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera schizophrenia?

Wagomba gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba wowe cyangwa umuntu muzi afite ibimenyetso nk’ibyo kubona ibintu bitariho, gutekereza ibintu bitari byo, cyangwa agaragaza ibimenyetso byo kutamenya uko ibintu bimeze. Gutangira kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu buryo umuntu avurwa n’imibereho ye.

Hamagara umuvuzi wawe vuba ubonye ibi bimenyetso byo kuburira bigenda bigaragara mu byumweru cyangwa amezi: kumva amajwi abandi batumva, kwemera ibintu abandi babona ko biteye impungenge, kuvuga mu buryo budasobanutse ku bandi, cyangwa kwirukana burundu mu bikorwa by’abantu. Impinduka mu isuku y’umuntu ku giti cye, imiterere yo kuryama, cyangwa ubushobozi bwo gukora akazi cyangwa kwiga na byo bisaba ko umwuga ubafasha.

Niba umuntu avuga ku kwibabaza cyangwa kwibabaza abandi, cyangwa niba imyitwarire ye isa n’iy’akaga, ntuzategereze. Hamagara serivisi z’ubutabazi cyangwa ujye kwa muganga hafi yawe ako kanya. Ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bisaba ubutabazi bw’ibanze kimwe n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bw’umubiri.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara schizophrenia?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara schizophrenia, nubwo kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzayirwara. Kubyumva bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye n’ubuzima bwawe.

Ibintu byongera ibyago cyane birimo:

• Amateka y’umuryango: Kugira umuntu wa hafi ufite schizophrenia byongera ibyago byawe, impanga zivuka kimwe zigaragaza isano ikomeye
• Imyaka: Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bigaragara mu myaka y’ubwangavu bwa nyuma kugeza mu myaka mirongo itatu y’imbere, abagabo bakunze kugira ibimenyetso mbere y’abagore
• Uburyo bw’ubwonko: Kudahuza neza kwa neurotransmitters nka dopamine na glutamate bigira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ibimenyetso
• Ingorane zo gutwita: Imvura mibi, indwara, cyangwa umunaniro mu gihe cyo gutwita bishobora kongera ibyago by’umwana mu gihe kizaza
• Indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri: Kugira zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bishobora kongera gato ibyago byawe

Ibindi bintu bishobora kugira uruhare birimo:

• Ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge: Kunywa urumogi buri gihe, cyane cyane ubwoko bufite imbaraga nyinshi, mu gihe cy’ubwangavu bishobora gutera ibimenyetso mu bantu bafite intege nke.
• Ubuzima bwo mu mijyi: Gukura mu duce duherereyemo abantu benshi bigaragara ko bifitanye isano n’ingaruka nyinshi.
• Kwikura mu bandi: Kubura ubucuti bishobora gutera ibimenyetso.
• Umutungo w’abimukira: Abimukira bo mu gisekuru cya mbere n’icya kabiri bagaragaza ibipimo byiyongereye gato.
• Kuvuka mu gihe cy’itumba: Kuvuka mu mezi y’itumba bigaragaza izamuka rito ry’ingaruka mu mibare.

Wibuke ko kugira ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago ntibihamya ko uzagira schizophrenia. Abantu benshi bafite ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago ntibagira ibimenyetso, mu gihe abandi bafite ibintu bike byongera ibyago bagira iyo ndwara.

Ni iki gishobora kuba ingaruka za schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia ishobora gutera ingaruka zitandukanye zigira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by’ubuzima bwawe, ariko byinshi muri ibyo bishobora kwirindwa cyangwa bigacungwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi n’ubufasha bikwiye. Gusobanukirwa ingaruka zishoboka bigufasha wowe n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe gukorera hamwe kugira ngo mubirinde.

Ingaruka zikomeye cyane zirimo:

• Ibyago byo kwiyahura: Abantu barwaye schizophrenia bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwiyahura, cyane cyane mu myaka mike ya mbere nyuma yo kubimenya.
• Imikorere yo kwangiza umubiri: Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kwangiza imibiri yabo mu gihe cy’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe cyangwa kubera agahinda.
• Ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge: Ushobora kwifashisha inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge kugira ngo uhangane n’ibimenyetso, ibyo bikaba byakomeza uburwayi bwawe.
• Kwikura mu bandi: Ubucuti n’umuryango bishobora kwangirika cyangwa bikabuza.
• Ubushome: Kugorana mu kubona aho kuba bishobora kubaho udafite uburyo bwo gufashwa.

Izindi ngaruka zishobora kuza buhoro buhoro zirimo:

• Ingorane mu kazi: Ibimenyetso byo mu bwenge bishobora gutera imbogamizi mu kubona akazi gakomeye
• Ibibazo by’amashuri: Abanyeshuri bashobora kugorwa no kurangiza amashuri cyangwa amahugurwa
• Ubukene: Kugabanuka k’ubushobozi bwo gukora bishobora gutera ibibazo by’ubukungu
• Ibibazo by’amategeko: Imiterere idasanzwe mu gihe cy’indwara zo mu mutwe ishobora gutera ibibazo by’amategeko
• Ibibazo by’ubuzima: Kwirengagiza kwita ku buzima bwite bishobora gutera indwara zitandukanye
• Ingaruka z’imiti: Imiti imwe ishobora gutera umubyibuho ukabije, diyabete, cyangwa indwara z’imitsi

Inkuru nziza ni uko ibibazo byinshi bishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bwihuse, ubuvuzi buhoraho, n’ubufasha bukomeye. Gukorana bya hafi n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe bigabanya cyane ibyago by’ingaruka zikomeye.

Schizophrenia imenyeshwa gute?

Kumenya Schizophrenia bisaba isuzuma rirambuye rikorewe n’umuhanga mu buvuzi bwo mu mutwe, kuko nta kizami kimwe gishobora kwemeza iyi ndwara. Muganga wawe azakusanya amakuru aturuka mu nzego nyinshi kugira ngo akore isuzuma rirambuye.

Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe butangira hakoreshejwe ikiganiro kirambuye ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y’ubuzima, n’amateka y’umuryango wawe. Muganga wawe azakubaza igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye, uko byagize ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, niba warigeze ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk’ibyo.

Kugira ngo hamenyekane Schizophrenia, ugomba kuba waragize byibuze bibiri muri ibi bimenyetso mu gihe kinini cy’ukwezi kumwe: gutekereza nabi, kubona ibintu bitariho, kuvuga bidasobanutse, imyitwarire idasobanutse cyangwa idakora neza, cyangwa ibimenyetso bibi. Ibimenyetso byawe kandi bigomba kuba byagize ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gukora akazi, imibanire, cyangwa kwita ku buzima bwawe byibuze amezi atandatu.

Muganga wawe azakureberaho kandi izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk’ibyo:

• Ibizamini by’ubuvuzi: Ibizamini by’amaraso, ibisanzure by’ubwonko, cyangwa ibindi bizamini bishobora kureba uburwayi bushobora gusa nk’indwara ya schizophrenia
• Kureba ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge: Ibiyobyabwenge n’inzoga bishobora gutera ibimenyetso byo mu mutwe bisa nka schizophrenia
• Ubundi burwayi bwo mu mutwe: Indwara ya bipolar, kwiheba gukomeye, cyangwa ubundi burwayi bishobora kuba bikenewe ko bikurwaho
• Ingaruka z’imiti: Imiti imwe ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa na schizophrenia

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma bushobora gufata igihe kinini, kuko muganga wawe ashaka kureba ibimenyetso byawe mu gihe runaka no gukusanya amakuru ava mu bagize umuryango wawe cyangwa inshuti zawe niba uhaye uburenganzira. Ubu buryo burambuye bwo gusuzuma buzatuma ubona ubuvuzi bukwiye n’uburyo bwiza bwo kuvurwa.

Ni iki kivura schizophrenia?

Kuvura schizophrenia bisanzwe bikubiyemo guhuza imiti na psychotherapy, hakurikijwe ibimenyetso byawe n’ibyo ukeneye. Nubwo nta muti uraboneka, abantu benshi barwaye schizophrenia babayeho ubuzima buhimbaye bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye n’ubufasha.

Imiti yo kurwanya schizophrenia niyo ishingiro ry’ubuvuzi kuri benshi. Iyi miti ifasha gutunganya imisemburo mu bwonko no kugabanya ibimenyetso nko kubona ibintu bidahari no gutekereza ibintu bidahari. Muganga wawe ashobora kugerageza imiti itandukanye kugira ngo abone imiti ikukorera neza kandi ifite ingaruka nke.

Imiti yo kuvura schizophrenia yo mu gisekuru cya mbere irimo imiti nka haloperidol na chlorpromazine. Iyi miti ikera ishobora kugira akamaro ariko ishobora gutera ingaruka ku mikorere y’umubiri. Imiti yo kuvura schizophrenia yo mu gisekuru cya kabiri, nka risperidone, olanzapine, na aripiprazole, ikunze kugira ingaruka nke ku mikorere y’umubiri ariko ishobora gutera uburemere cyangwa impinduka mu mikorere y’umubiri.

Psychotherapy igira uruhare rukomeye muri gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa:

• Ubuvuzi bw’imitekerereze n’imyitwarire (CBT): Bukufasha kumenya no guhindura imitekerereze ituma ugira ibimenyetso
• Ubuvuzi bw’umuryango: Bukubiyemo abakunzi bawe mu kuvurwa kugira ngo hakorwe ubufatanye n’ubufasha
• Kwigisha ubuhanga bwo mubikorwa by’abantu: Bigisha ubuhanga buhambaye mu mibanire ya buri munsi n’imibanire
• Gusana ubwenge: Byibanda ku kunoza kwibuka, kwitonda, no gukemura ibibazo
• Ubuvuzi bwite: Buha umwanya utekanye wo kuganira ku byabayeho byawe no guteza imbere uburyo bwo guhangana

Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba:

• Gahunda zo gusana: Zikufasha guteza imbere ubuhanga bwo mu kazi n’ubushobozi bwo kubaho wenyine
• Amatsinda y’ubufasha: Akubera hafi abandi bumva ibyo uba uhanganye na byo
• Ubuvuzi bwa Electroconvulsive (ECT): Bushobora kugenzurwa mu bihe bikomeye bitavurwa n’ubundi buryo
• Ubuvuzi bwihariye bufatanije: Buhuza imiti, ubuvuzi, imicungire y’ibibazo, n’ubufasha bw’umuryango

Ubuvuzi bugira ingaruka nziza cyane iyo bwatangiye hakiri kare kandi bugakomeza buhoraho. Ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi izakorana nawe kugira ngo ihindure gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi uko bikenewe, kandi gukira ni inzira ikomeza ihoraho isa neza kuri buri wese.

Nigute wakwitwara iwawe ufite Schizophrenia?

Kwitwara iwawe ufite Schizophrenia bisobanura gushyiraho gahunda, kugira imyifatire myiza, no kubaka ubufasha bukomeye. Izi ngamba zishobora kugufasha gucunga ibimenyetso no kunoza imibereho yawe hamwe n’ubuvuzi bw’umwuga.

Gushyiraho gahunda ya buri munsi bitanga umutekano kandi bishobora kugabanya umunaniro. Gerageza kubyuka no kuryama igihe kimwe buri munsi, kurya ibiryo bisanzwe, no gutegura ibikorwa bigira uruhare mu mibereho yawe ya buri munsi. Ndetse n’imigenzo yoroshye nko gutunganya uburiri bwawe cyangwa kugenda buri munsi bishobora gutanga icyizere cy’intsinzi n’ubuzima busanzwe.

Kwita ku buzima bwawe bw’umubiri bishyigikira ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe:

• Fata imiti nk’uko yagutegetswe: Ntucikwe na doze cyangwa uhagarike gufata imiti utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe: Ndetse n’imikino yoroshye nko kugenda bishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso no kunoza imimerere
• Kurya ibiryo birimo intungamubiri: Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku irari ryo kurya no ku kuremererwa, bityo witondere kurya indyo yuzuye
• Shira imbere ibitotsi: Gerageza kuryama amasaha 7-9 buri joro kandi ugume ufite gahunda yo kuryama isanzwe
• Irinde ibiyobyabwenge: Itabi n’ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kurushaho kuba bibi kandi bikabangamira imiti

Kubaka no kubungabunga imibanire myiza ni ingenzi ku mibereho yawe myiza:

• Gukomeza guhuza n’umuryango n’inshuti bagushyigikiye: Guhura kenshi bifasha guhangana n’ubwenge
• Kwinjira mu matsinda y’ubufasha: Guhuza n’abandi bafite ibibazo nk’ibyawe bishobora gufasha cyane
• Kwitabira ibikorwa bifite icyerekezo: Gukora umurimo w’ubugiraneza, ibikorwa by’imyidagaduro, cyangwa akazi k’igihe gito bishobora gutanga intego
• Kumenyereza guhangana n’umunaniro: Menya uburyo bwo kuruhuka, gutekereza, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya umunaniro

Kurema ahantu ho kuba heza kandi hafasha harimo gukuraho ibintu bishobora gutera ibibazo, kubika amakuru y’abantu bo kuvugana mu gihe cy’ubukene hafi, no kugira gahunda yo guhangana n’ibibazo bikomeye. Ibuka ko guhangana na schizophrenia ni akazi k’itsinda ririmo wowe, abaganga bawe, n’abantu bagushyigikiye.

Ugomba gutegura gute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko kwa muganga bifasha guhamya ko uzabona ibyiza byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi ubone ubuvuzi bwiza. Gukoresha umwanya wo gutegura ibitekerezo byawe n’amakuru mbere bishobora gutuma iyi nama iba ingirakamaro kuri wowe ndetse n’umuvuzi wawe.

Mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe, andika ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe bibaho. Fata mu nyito amakuru yerekeye icyabiteye, igihe biba, n’uburyo bigira ingaruka ku mirimo yawe ya buri munsi. Niba wumva amajwi cyangwa ufite ibitekerezo bidasanzwe, bandika igihe ibi bibaho n’ibyo bikubiyemo, nubwo byaba bigoye kubivuga.

Komereza amakuru akenewe kugira ngo uyazane:

• Imiti urimo ukoresha: Andika imiti yose, ibinyobwa by’imiti, n’imiti igurwa mu maduka urimo ukoresha
• Amateka y’ubuzima bwawe: Fata mu nyito ubuvuzi bwose bw’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe wabayeho, kuba warajyanywe mu bitaro, cyangwa uburwayi
• Amateka y’umuryango: Bandika abavandimwe bose bagize ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe
• Igitabo cy’ibimenyetso: Kora urutonde rw’ibimenyetso byawe, imimerere yawe, ibitotsi, n’imikorere yawe ya buri munsi mu byumweru bike mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe
• Urutonde rw’ibibazo: Andika byose ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe

Teganya kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti wizeye mu ruzinduko rwawe. Bashobora gutanga amakuru y’inyongera yerekeye impinduka babonye, bagufasha kwibuka ibyo muganga avuze, kandi bagutere inkunga muri ibyo biganiro bishobora kuba bigoye.

Tegura kuganira ku ntego zawe mu buvuzi n’impungenge zose ufite ku miti cyangwa ku buvuzi. Ba ukuri ku ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, kuko aya makuru ari ingenzi ku mutekano wawe no gutegura ubuvuzi. Ibuka ko itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi riri aho kugira ngo rikufashe, atari ukugukoma amanga, kandi uko ushobora kuba ukuri, ni ko uzahabwa ubuvuzi bwiza.

Ni iki cy’ingenzi cyo kumenya ku bijyanye na Schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia ni indwara ikomeye yo mu mutwe, ariko ivurwa, igira ingaruka ku buryo ubwonko bwawe butekereza ibibaho. Nubwo bishobora kuba bigoye kubana nayo, abantu benshi barwaye schizophrenia babona ubuzima bufite icyo buvuze, kandi bubyaza umusaruro, bafashijwe n’ubuvuzi n’ubufasha bikwiye.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kuvuguruzwa hakiri kare bigira uruhare runini mu mibereho. Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu ukunda ufite ibimenyetso nk’amahano, guhuzagurika, cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mu mitekereze no mu myitwarire, shaka ubufasha bw’umwuga vuba. Abahanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe bafite imiti ikora neza, kandi gutangira kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora gufasha kwirinda ingaruka mbi no kunoza ubuzima bwiza mu gihe kirekire.

Kuvurwa kwa schizophrenia bishoboka, nubwo bishobora kugaragara bitandukanye kuri buri muntu. Bamwe bagira impinduka zikomeye mu bimenyetso, abandi biga gucunga ibimenyetso byabo neza mu gihe bagera ku ntego zabo kandi bakagumana imibanire myiza. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ugukorana bya hafi n’itsinda ry’ubuvuzi bwawe, gufata imiti nk’uko yagenewe, no kubaka urusobe rukomeye rw’abantu bagufasha barimo umuryango, inshuti, n’abahanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe basobanukiwe urugendo rwawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri schizophrenia

Ese schizophrenia irashobora gukira burundu?

Nubwo nta muti wa schizophrenia, iyi ndwara ishobora gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Abantu benshi barwaye schizophrenia bagira iterambere rikomeye mu bimenyetso byabo no mu mibereho yabo bafashijwe n’imiti, ubuvuzi, n’ubufasha. Bamwe bagira igihe kirekire bafite ibimenyetso bike cyangwa nta bimenyetso, abandi biga gucunga ibimenyetso byabo mu gihe babayeho ubuzima buhamye. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukubona imiti ikwiye ikugirira akamaro no gukomeza gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi.

Ese schizophrenia ni kimwe no kugira imico myinshi?

Oya, schizophrenia si kimwe no kugira imyirondoro myinshi. Iyi ni imyumvire mibi ikunze kugaragara ishobora kongera uruhare. Indwara yo kugira imyirondoro myinshi, ubu yitwa dissociative identity disorder, igaragaraho kugira imiterere itandukanye y’ubuzima. Schizophrenia igira ibimenyetso nka hallucinations, delusions, no gutekereza kudahwitse, ariko abantu barwaye schizophrenia baguma bafite imyirondoro imwe ihoraho. Akenshi kwitiranya guterwa n’ijambo “schizo,” risobanura “gutandukana,” ariko ibi bivuga gutandukana n’ukuri, si gutandukana kw’imyirondoro.

Abantu barwaye schizophrenia bashobora gukora cyangwa kujya kwiga?

Yego, abantu benshi barwaye schizophrenia bashobora gukora cyangwa kujya kwiga, cyane cyane bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye n’inkunga. Bamwe bakomeza imirimo yabo ya mbere, abandi bashobora gukenera ubufasha cyangwa bagahitamo inzira zitandukanye zibakundira uko babayeho. Gahunda zo kuvugurura imirimo zishobora gufasha guteza imbere ubumenyi bw’akazi, kandi serivisi z’ubufasha mu myigire zishobora gufasha mu ntego z’amashuri. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukubona ahantu hafasha kandi humva ibyo ukeneye mugihe ugenzura ibimenyetso byawe neza.

Nzahererekanya schizophrenia ku bana banjye?

Kugira schizophrenia byongera ibyago ku bana bawe, ariko abana benshi bafite ababyeyi barwaye schizophrenia ntibabona iyo ndwara. Niba umubyeyi umwe arwaye schizophrenia, ibyago by’umwana ni hafi 10-15%, ugereranije na 1% mu baturage muri rusange. Niba ababyeyi bombi barwaye schizophrenia, ibyago byiyongera kugera kuri 40%. Ariko, imfura ni kimwe mu bintu, kandi ibintu by’ibidukikije bigira uruhare runini. Niba uteganya kubyara, kuganira ibibazo byawe n’umujyanama w’imfura cyangwa umuvuzi wawe bishobora kugufasha kumva ibyago no gufata ibyemezo byiza.

Ubuvuzi bwa schizophrenia buramara igihe kingana iki?

Ubuvuzi bwa schizophrenia busanzwe bukorwa ubuzima bwose, ariko ibi ntibisobanura ko uzahora ukeneye ubuvuzi bukomeye. Abantu benshi bagomba gufata imiti buri gihe kugira ngo birinde kongera kugaragara ibimenyetso, kimwe n’uko abarwaye diyabete bakeneye kuvurwa insulin buri gihe. Ariko kandi, ubukana bw’ubuvuzi bushobora guhinduka uko igihe gihita. Bamwe bakeneye ubufasha bwinshi mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, bake mu bindi. Gahunda y’ubuvuzi bwawe izahinduka uko ibyo ukeneye bihinduka, kandi abantu benshi basanga guhangana na schizophrenia biba byoroshye kandi biba bisanzwe uko igihe gihita, bafashijwe neza kandi bakoresheje uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.