Schizophrenia
Incamake
Schizophrenia ni indwara ikomeye yo mu mutwe igira ingaruka ku buryo abantu batekereza, bumva kandi bitwara. Bishobora gutera kuvanga kw'ibyiyumvo, ubwenge butaboneka, no gutekereza no kwitwara bidafite urutonde. Ibintu byiyumviro birimo kubona ibintu cyangwa kumva amajwi atabonwa n'abandi. Ubwenge butaboneka burimo kwemera ibintu bidakurikiza ukuri. Abantu barwaye schizophrenia bashobora kugaragara nk'abatakibona ukuri, ibyo bishobora gutera imbogamizi mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Abantu barwaye schizophrenia bakeneye kuvurwa ubuzima bwabo bwose. Ibi birimo imiti, kuvugana n'abaganga, no gufashwa kwiga uburyo bwo gucunga ibikorwa bya buri munsi. Kuko abantu benshi barwaye schizophrenia batazi ko bafite ikibazo cy'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe kandi bashobora kutemera ko bakeneye kuvurwa, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakorewe ku ngaruka zo kutavura uburwayi bwo mu mutwe. Abantu bafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe budavuwe bakunze kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye, gucumbika mu bitaro kenshi, ubushobozi buke bwo gutekereza no gutunganya amakuru n'imiterere y'imibanire, imvune, ndetse n'urupfu. Ku rundi ruhande, kuvurwa hakiri kare kenshi bifasha kugenzura ibimenyetso mbere y'uko ibibazo bikomeye bigaragara, bituma ibyiringiro by'igihe kirekire biba byiza.
Ibimenyetso
Schizophrenia ifite cyo bibazo bitandukanye mu buryo abantu batekereza, bumva kandi bitwara. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo: Ubwenge buteye ubwoba. Ibi niho abantu bemera ibintu bidahari cyangwa bitari ukuri. Urugero, abantu barwaye schizophrenia bashobora gutekereza ko bagiriwe nabi cyangwa ko batotezwa mu gihe bitari byo. Bashobora gutekereza ko ari bo bagenewe imyifatire runaka cyangwa amagambo mu gihe bitari byo. Bashobora gutekereza ko bazwi cyane cyangwa ko bafite ubushobozi bukomeye mu gihe atari ko bimeze. Cyangwa bashobora kumva ko hari impanuka ikomeye igiye kuba mu gihe atari ko bimeze. Abantu benshi barwaye schizophrenia bagira ubwenge buteye ubwoba. Ubwenge buteye ubwoba. Ibi bisanzwe bikubiyemo kubona cyangwa kumva ibintu abandi bantu batabona. Ku bantu barwaye schizophrenia, ibyo bintu bigaragara nk'ukuri. Ubwenge buteye ubwoba bushobora kubaho hamwe n'ubwenge ubwo aribwo bwose, ariko kumva amajwi ni ko kenshi bibaho. Ijambo n'ibitekerezo bidafite ishingiro. Ijambo ridafite ishingiro riba intandaro y'ibitekerezo bidafite ishingiro. Bishobora kugorana ku bantu barwaye schizophrenia kuvugana n'abandi bantu. Ibisubizo abantu barwaye schizophrenia batanga ku bibazo bishobora kuba bidahuje n'icyo bibajijwe. Cyangwa ibibazo bishobora kudatanga ibisubizo byuzuye. Gake, ijambo rishobora kuba ririmo guhuza amagambo adahuje mu buryo budasobanuka. Rimwe na rimwe ibi bita salade y'amagambo. Imikorere y'umubiri idafite ishingiro cyangwa idasanzwe. Ibi bishobora kugaragara mu buryo butandukanye, kuva ku buswa nk'ubw'abana kugeza ku guhangayika nta mpamvu. Imikorere ntigendera ku ntego, bityo bigoye gukora imirimo. Abantu barwaye schizophrenia bashobora kutagira icyo bakora. Bashobora kwimuka mu buryo budasanzwe cyangwa budakwiriye aho bari. Cyangwa bashobora kutazimuka cyangwa kudatanga igisubizo na gato. Ibimenyetso bibi. Abantu barwaye schizophrenia bashobora kutakora nk'uko bashoboraga gukora mbere y'uko indwara yabo itangira. Urugero, bashobora kutaoga, kutareba mu maso cyangwa kutagaragaza amarangamutima. Bashobora kuvuga mu ijwi rimwe kandi ntibashobore kumva ibyishimo. Nanone, bashobora gutakaza inyota yo gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi, kwirukana mu muryango kandi bagahura n'ikibazo cyo gutegura ibyo bakora. Ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana mu bwoko n'uburemere bwabyo. Rimwe na rimwe, ibimenyetso bishobora kugenda neza cyangwa bigakomeza. Bimwe mu bimenyetso bishobora kubaho igihe cyose. Abantu barwaye schizophrenia ubusanzwe bapimwa mu myaka y'ubwangavu kugeza ku myaka 30. Ku bagabo, ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia bisanzwe bitangira mu myaka y'ubwangavu kugeza ku myaka 20. Ku bagore, ibimenyetso bisanzwe bitangira mu myaka 20 kugeza ku myaka 30. Hari kandi itsinda ry'abantu - akenshi abagore - bapimwa nyuma y'imyaka myinshi. Ntibisanzwe ko abana bapimwa schizophrenia. Ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia mu bangavu ni kimwe n'ibyo mu bakuru, ariko iyi ndwara ishobora kugorana kuyimenya. Ni ukubera ko bimwe mu bimenyetso bya mbere bya schizophrenia - ibyo bibaho mbere y'ubwenge buteye ubwoba, ubwenge buteye ubwoba n'ubudaheranwa - bikunze kuboneka mu bangavu benshi, nka: Kwivana mu nshuti n'umuryango. Kutakora neza mu ishuri. Kugira ibibazo byo kuryama. Kumva uburakari cyangwa agahinda. Kubura ishyaka. Nanone, ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge, nka marijuna, ibiyobyabwenge nk'ikoka na methamphetamines, cyangwa hallucinogens, bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibyo. Ugereranije n'abantu bakuru barwaye schizophrenia, abangavu barwaye iyi ndwara bashobora kuba badafite ubwenge buteye ubwoba kandi bakaba bafite ubwenge buteye ubwoba. Abantu barwaye schizophrenia bakunze kutamenya ko bafite indwara yo mu mutwe ikeneye ubuvuzi. Kubwibyo, umuryango cyangwa inshuti bakeneye kubafasha. Niba abantu uzi bafite ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia, bavugishe ibyo ukora. Nubwo udashobora kubashyiraho gushakira ubufasha, ushobora kubatera inkunga no kubashyigikira. Nanone ushobora kubafasha kubona umuganga cyangwa umuhanga mu buvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe. Niba abantu ari akaga kuri bo ubwabo cyangwa ku bandi, cyangwa niba badafite ibyokurya, imyenda cyangwa amacumbi, ushobora kuba ukeneye guhamagara 911 muri Amerika cyangwa abandi bafasha mu bihe by'amahoro. Umuhanga mu buvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe akeneye kubapima. Bamwe bashobora kuba bakeneye gucumbikirwa mu bitaro mu gihe cy'amahoro. Amategeko yerekeye kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe ku gahato atandukanye bitewe n'igihugu. Urashobora kuvugana n'ibigo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu karere kawe cyangwa abapolisi kugira ngo umenye byinshi. Ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura no kugerageza kwiyahura biri hejuru cyane ugereranije n'abantu barwaye schizophrenia. Niba umuntu ari mu kaga ko kwiyahura cyangwa yaragerageje kwiyahura, menya neza ko hari umuntu uba kumwe n'uwo muntu. Shaka umurongo wa telefoni ufasha abantu bifuza kwiyahura. Muri Amerika, hamagara cyangwa andika 988 kugira ngo ubone umurongo wa telefoni wa 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, uraboneka amasaha 24 ku munsi, iminsi irindwi mu cyumweru. Cyangwa koresha Lifeline Chat. Serivisi ni ubuntu kandi zizigamye. Umurongo wa telefoni wa Suicide & Crisis Lifeline muri Amerika ufite umurongo wa telefoni w'Igisipanyoli kuri 1-888-628-9454 (ubuntu). Kuvura neza schizophrenia bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwiyahura.
Igihe cyo kubona umuganga
Abantu barwaye schizophrenia akenshi ntibaba bazi ko bafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe bukenera ubuvuzi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umuryango cyangwa inshuti bakeneye kubafasha.
Niba abantu muzi bagaragaza ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia, muganire nabo ku byo mubatekerezaho. Nubwo muta bashobora kubagoboka, mubashishikarize kandi mubafashe. Mushobora kandi kubafasha kubona umuganga cyangwa umuhanga mu buvuzi bwo mu mutwe.
Niba abantu ari ikibazo kuri bo ubwabo cyangwa abandi, cyangwa badafite ibyokurya, imyenda cyangwa amacumbi, mushobora guhamagara 911 muri Amerika cyangwa abandi bafasha mu bihe by'amahoro. Umuhanga mu buvuzi bwo mu mutwe agomba kubapima.
Bamwe bashobora gukenera igihe cy'ubuhoro mu bitaro. Amategeko yerekeye kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe ku gahato atandukanye bitewe n'igihugu. Mushobora kuvugana n'ibigo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe muri aka karere cyangwa polisi kugira ngo mumenye byinshi.
Ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura no kugerageza kwiyahura biri hejuru cyane ugereranije n'abantu barwaye schizophrenia. Niba umuntu ari mu kaga ko kwiyahura cyangwa yaragerageje kwiyahura, menya neza ko hari umuntu uba kumwe n'uwo muntu. Shaka umurongo wa telefoni ufasha abantu bifuza kwiyahura. Muri Amerika, hamagara cyangwa andika 988 kugira ngo ubone umurongo wa telefoni 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, uraboneka amasaha 24 kumunsi, iminsi irindwi mu cyumweru. Cyangwa koresha ikiganiro cya Lifeline. Serivisi ni ubuntu kandi zizigamye. Umurongo wa telefoni wa Suicide & Crisis Lifeline muri Amerika ufite umurongo wa telefoni ukoresha Igihisipaniya kuri 1-888-628-9454 (amafaranga y'itumanaho ntabwo ari ngombwa).
Kuvura neza schizophrenia bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwiyahura.
Impamvu
Ntabwo bizwi icyateza schizophrenia. Ariko abashakashatsi bizera ko kuvanga imyanya, imiti y'ubwonko n'ibidukikije bishobora kugira uruhare.
Impinduka kuri zimwe mu miti y'ubwonko iboneka mu buryo bw'umwimerere, harimo neurotransmitters zizwi nka dopamine na glutamate, zishobora kugira uruhare muri schizophrenia. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku buryo bw'ubwonko bwerekana impinduka mu miterere y'ubwonko no mu mikorere y'ubwonko ku bantu barwaye schizophrenia. Nubwo abashakashatsi batarabasha gukoresha ibyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi mu buvuzi bushya, ibyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi bigaragaza ko schizophrenia ari indwara y'ubwonko.
Ingaruka zishobora guteza
N'ubwo impamvu itera schizophrenia itazwi, ibi bintu bisa nkaho byongera ibyago byo kuyirwara:
- Amateka y'umuryango arangwamo schizophrenia.
- Ibintu byabaye mu buzima, nko kuba mu bukene, umunaniro cyangwa akaga.
- Ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo gutwita no kuvuka, nko kudafata indyo yuzuye mbere cyangwa nyuma yo kuvuka, kuvuka ufite ibiro bike, cyangwa kwandura uburozi cyangwa virusi mbere yo kuvuka bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ubwonko.
- Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bihindura imitekerereze — bizwi kandi nka psychoactive cyangwa psychotropic — mu gihe uri ingimbi cyangwa umwangavu.
Ingaruka
Ntiyafashe, schizophrenia ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye bigira ingaruka kuri buri kintu mu buzima.
Ingaruka schizophrenia ishobora gutera cyangwa ijyanye na zo zirimo:
- kwiyahura, kugerageza kwiyahura no gutekereza kwiyahura.
- ibibazo byo guhangayika n'indwara yo guhora utekereza ibintu runaka (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - OCD).
- gukoresha nabi inzoga cyangwa ibindi biyobyabwenge, harimo na nikotine.
- kudakora cyangwa kudakomeza ishuri.
- ibibazo by'amafaranga no kutaba inzu.
- kwikurura mu bandi.
- ibibazo by'ubuzima n'ubuvuzi.
- kugirirwa nabi.
- imyitwarire y'ubugome cyangwa iy'urugomo, nubwo abantu barwaye schizophrenia bafite ibyago byinshi byo gukubitwa kuruta gukubita abandi.
Kwirinda
Nta buryo bwo gukumira schizophrenia buhamye. Ariko kubahiriza gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa bishobora gufasha mu gukumira ko ibimenyetso bigaruka cyangwa bikomeza. Abashakashatsi bizeye ko kumenya byinshi ku bintu bishobora guteza schizophrenia bishobora gutuma hamenyekana hakiri kare kandi hakavurwa.
Kupima
Kumenya Schizophrenia bisobanura gukumira ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe no kureba neza ko ibimenyetso bitaturuka ku ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge, imiti cyangwa uburwayi.
Gushaka uburwayi bwa Schizophrenia bishobora kuba bikubiyemo:
- Isuzumwa ry'umubiri. Ibi bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo habeho gukumira ibindi bibazo byahurirana n'ibimenyetso nk'ibyo no kugenzura ingaruka zihariye.
- Ibizamini n'isuzuma. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibizamini bifasha gukumira uburwayi bufite ibimenyetso nk'ibyo no kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'inzoga n'ibiyobyabwenge. Umuhanga mu buvuzi ashobora kandi gusaba ibizamini by'amashusho, nka MRI cyangwa CT scan.
- Isuzumwa ry'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Umuhanga mu buvuzi cyangwa umuhanga mu buzima bwo mu mutwe arakora isuzuma ry'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe binyuze mu kureba uko umuntu asa n'uko yitwara, no kubaza ibitekerezo, imimerere, ubwenge butaboneka, kubona ibintu bitariho, ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge, n'amahirwe yo gukora ihohoterwa cyangwa kwiyahura. Iri suzuma ririmo amateka y'umuryango n'ay'umuntu ku giti cye.
Uburyo bwo kuvura
Ubuvuzi bw’ubuzima bwose hamwe n’imiti n’ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe bishobora gufasha mu gucunga schizophrenia, nubwo nta muti wayo uhari. Ibi bivuzi bikenewe, nubwo ibimenyetso byoroha. Bamwe bashobora kuba bakeneye kurara mu bitaro mu gihe cy’akaga niba ibimenyetso bikomeye. Umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe ufite ubunararibonye mu kuvura schizophrenia asanzwe ayobora ubuvuzi. Ikipe ivura ishobora kandi kuba irimo umuhanga mu by’imitekerereze, umukozi w’imibereho myiza, umuforomokazi w’indwara zo mu mutwe n’umuyobozi w’ikibazo kugira ngo bahuze ubuvuzi. Uburyo bwo kuvura bw’ikipe yose bushobora kuboneka muri za kliniki zifite ubuhanga mu kuvura schizophrenia. Imiti niyo yonyine ivura schizophrenia. Imiti yo kurwanya schizophrenia niyo miti ikoreshwa cyane. Biyumvikana ko igenzura ibimenyetso ahanini binyuze mu kugira ingaruka ku byakira by’ubwonko ku butumwa bwa chimique, cyangwa abatumwa ba chimique. Imiti myinshi yo kurwanya schizophrenia ikora ku byakira bya dopamine na serotonin. Imiti mishya yo kurwanya schizophrenia, xanomeline na trospium chloride, ikora ku byakira bya acetylcholine. Kubera ko imiti ya schizophrenia ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi, abantu bafite schizophrenia bashobora kutayishaka. Umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe akurikirana ingaruka mbi kandi muri bimwe mu bihe ashobora gutegeka gupima amaraso. Guhitamo imiti bishobora kuyoborwa kugira ngo birinde ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zitari nziza. Baza umuganga wawe ku byiza n’ingaruka mbi z’imiti iyo ari yo yose yagutegetswe. Imiti yo kurwanya schizophrenia ishobora kuba ya mbere cyangwa iya kabiri. Imiti yo kurwanya schizophrenia yo mu gisekuru cya kabiri ishobora kugira ingaruka nke zijyanye n’imiyoboro y’imitsi. Ibi birimo tardive dyskinesia, itera imiterere idasanzwe kandi idakozwe n’ubushake, nko guhindura isura, gucira amaso n’ibindi byerekezo. Tardive dyskinesia rimwe na rimwe iba ihoraho. Imiti mishya yo mu gisekuru cya kabiri iboneka nk’igipimo cyangwa capsule irimo:
- Aripiprazole (Abilify).
- Asenapine (Saphris).
- Brexpiprazole (Rexulti).
- Cariprazine (Vraylar).
- Clozapine (Clozaril).
- Iloperidone (Fanapt).
- Lumateperone (Caplyta).
- Lurasidone (Latuda).
- Olanzapine (Zyprexa).
- Paliperidone (Invega).
- Quetiapine (Seroquel).
- Risperidone (Risperdal).
- Xanomeline na trospium chloride (Cobenfy).
- Ziprasidone (Geodon). Imiti yo kurwanya schizophrenia yo mu gisekuru cya mbere irimo:
- Chlorpromazine.
- Fluphenazine.
- Haloperidol (Haldol).
- Perphenazine (Trilafon). Imiti imwe yo kurwanya schizophrenia ishobora gutangwa nk’urushinge rurerure mu mitsi cyangwa munsi y’uruhu. Isanzwe itangwa buri cyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4 ariko rimwe na rimwe iba hafi cyangwa kenshi. Baza umuganga wawe amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye n’urushinge. Bishobora kuba amahitamo ku bantu bakunda imiti mike. Kandi, urushinge rushobora gufasha abantu gukomeza gahunda yabo yo kuvurwa. Imiti isanzwe iboneka nk’urushinge irimo:
- Aripiprazole (Abilify Maintena, Abilify Asimtufii, Aristada).
- Fluphenazine decanoate.
- Haloperidol decanoate.
- Paliperidone (Invega Sustenna, Invega Trinza, Invega Hafyera).
- Risperidone (Risperdal Consta, Perseris, izindi). Iyo ibimenyetso byoroheye, gukomeza gufata imiti ni ingenzi. Ni ingenzi kandi kwitabira ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe n’ubuvuzi bw’imibereho myiza, birimo:
- Ubuvuzi bwite. Ibiganiro, bizwi kandi nka psychotherapy, bishobora gufasha kunoza imikorere y’ibitekerezo. Kandi, kwiga guhangana n’umunaniro no kumenya ibimenyetso by’ibanze byo kugaruka kw’ibimenyetso bishobora gufasha abantu gucunga indwara yabo.
- Amahugurwa y’ubumenyi bw’imibanire. Ibi byibanda ku kunoza itumanaho n’imibanire myiza no gutuma abantu bafite schizophrenia babasha kwitabira ibikorwa bya buri munsi.
- Ubuvuzi bw’umuryango. Muri ubu buvuzi, imiryango yiga uko yakwitwara imbere ya schizophrenia. Barabona kandi inkunga.
- Gusubiza mu kazi no gushyigikira akazi. Iyi nama yibanda ku gufasha abantu bafite schizophrenia gutegura, gushaka no kubona akazi. Abantu benshi bafite schizophrenia bakeneye inkunga mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Akarere kenshi gafite gahunda zo gufasha abantu bafite schizophrenia mu mirimo, amacumbi, amatsinda y’ubufasha bwite n’ibibazo by’akaga. Umuyobozi w’ikibazo cyangwa umuntu wo mu kigo kivura ashobora gufasha gushaka ibikoresho. Hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi bafite schizophrenia bashobora gucunga indwara yabo. Mu bihe by’akaga cyangwa igihe ibimenyetso bikomeye, abantu bashobora kuba bakeneye kurara mu bitaro kugira ngo birinde. Kurara mu bitaro binatuma bafata ifunguro neza, baryama bihagije kandi bagasukura buri gihe. inkuru yo guhagarika imeri. Kwitwara imbere y’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe bukomeye nka schizophrenia bishobora kugora abantu bafite ubwo burwayi n’inshuti zabo n’imiryango yabo. Dore bimwe mu bintu bishobora gufasha:
- Komeza umubano mwiza n’abagize ikipe yawe ivura. Gukorana bya hafi n’abaganga bawe, abahanga mu buvuzi bwo mu mutwe n’abandi bagize ikipe y’ubuvuzi bikugira ubushobozi bwo kwitabira byuzuye, no kungukira ubuvuzi.
- Menya ibijyanye na schizophrenia. Kumenya iyi ndwara bishobora kugufasha kumva akamaro ko gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa. Kumenya kandi bishobora gufasha inshuti n’umuryango kumenya byinshi kuri iyi ndwara no kugira impuhwe ku bayirwaye.
- Ryama bihagije. Niba ufite ibibazo byo gusinzira, impinduka mu mibereho zishobora gufasha.
- Komeza wibande ku ntego. Gucunga schizophrenia ni inzira ikomeza. Kugumana intego zo kuvurwa mu bwenge bishobora kugufasha gukomeza kwiyemeza, gucunga indwara no kugera ku ntego zawe.
- Ntukoreshe inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge. Gukoresha inzoga, itabi cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kugora kuvura schizophrenia. Ariko kureka bishobora kugora. Fata inama ku ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi ku buryo bwiza bwo kureka.
- Baza ku bijyanye na serivisi z’imibereho myiza. Izi serivisi zishobora gufasha mu bijyanye n’amacumbi ahendutse, gutwara n’ibindi bikorwa bya buri munsi.
- Menya uko wakwitsa umubiri no guhangana n’umunaniro. Uburyo bwo guhangana n’umunaniro nko gutekereza, yoga cyangwa tai chi bishobora kugufasha wowe n’abakunzi bawe.
- Jya mu matsinda y’ubufasha. Amatsinda y’ubufasha ashobora kugufasha kwegera abandi bahura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe. Amatsinda y’ubufasha ashobora kandi gufasha umuryango n’inshuti guhangana.
Umuhakana: Kanama ni urubuga rw'amakuru y'ubuzima kandi ibisubizo byayo ntibigize inama z'ubuvuzi. Jya ubona umuganga ufite uruhushya rwo gukorera hafi yawe mbere yo gukora impinduka izo ari zo zose.