Penicillin ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Ibiteye, & Uko Wavura Uvuye Mu Rugo

Penicillin ni imwe mu miti ikomeye cyane yamenyekanye, kandi imaze kurokora ubuzima bw'abantu mu myaka irenga 80. Uyu muti ukomeye urwanya indwara ziterwa na bagiteri mu guhagarika bagiteri zangiza kubaka inkuta zikingira z'uturemangingo twazo, ibyo bigatuma zipfa mu buryo busanzwe. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira penicillin mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n'ubwandu ufite n'uko ukeneye kuvurwa vuba.

Penicillin ni iki?

Penicillin ni umuti urwanya bagiteri wo mu muryango w'imiti yitwa beta-lactam antibiotics. Ikora mu buryo bwo kubuza bagiteri kubaka no gukomeza inkuta z'uturemangingo twazo, zikaba ari ingenzi kugira ngo zibaho. Iyo bagiteri itashoboye gukomeza inzitizi zayo zikingira, zirashonga zigapfa, bigatuma umubiri wawe ukuraho ubwandu.

Uyu muti uza mu buryo butandukanye kugira ngo uhure n'ibyo ukeneye kuvurwa. Ushobora kuwuhabwa mu buryo bw'ibinini urira, umuti w'amazi, cyangwa inshinge zitangwa mu gice cy'umubiri wawe, mu urugingo, mu muvuduko w'amaraso, cyangwa munsi y'uruhu rwawe. Uburyo bwose butanga umuti urwanya indwara mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri wawe.

Ubyumva ute iyo ufata Penicillin?

Abantu benshi ntibumva ikintu kidasanzwe iyo bafata penicillin banywa. Ibinini cyangwa umuti w'amazi akenshi ntugira uburyohe bukomeye, kandi ushobora kubifata urya cyangwa utarya. Abantu bamwe bamenya uburyohe buke bw'icyuma mu kanwa kabo, ariko ibi akenshi biroroshye kandi ntibiramba.

Iyo uhabwa penicillin binyuze mu nshinge, ushobora kumva urumuri ruto cyangwa urusaku ahantu inshinge yatewe. Inshinge ziterwa mu gice cy'umubiri wawe cyangwa mu kibuno bishobora gutera ububabare bumara amasaha make. Inshinge ziterwa mu muvuduko w'amaraso binyuze mu muyoboro wa IV akenshi ntizitera ububabare bukabije, nubwo ushobora kubona icyiyumvo gikonjesha igihe umuti winjira mu maraso yawe.

Iyo umuti wica mikorobe utangiye gukora, ugomba gutangira kumva urushijeho mu masaha 24 kugeza kuri 48. Umuriro wawe ushobora kugabanuka, ububabare bushobora kugabanuka, kandi birashoboka ko uzabona imbaraga zawe zisubira buhoro buhoro. Ariko, ni ngombwa kurangiza umuti wose nubwo wumva urushijeho.

Ni iki gitera gukenera kuvurwa na Penicillin?

Abaganga bandika penicillin kugira ngo bavure indwara ziterwa na bagiteri umubiri wawe utabasha kurwanya neza wenyine. Ubu bwandu bubaho iyo bagiteri zangiza zigwira vuba kurusha uko urugero rwawe rw'umubiri rushobora kuzikuraho. Bagiteri zihariye penicillin igamije zirimo streptococcus, staphylococcus, n'ubwoko runaka bw'ibinyabuzima bitera umusonga.

Indwara zisanzwe ziterwa na bagiteri zishobora gukenera penicillin zirimo ibi bikurikira, buri kimwe kikagira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by'umubiri wawe:

• Guhumeka mu muhogo na tonsillitis
• Urubavu rw'uruhu n'ibice byoroshye by'umubiri
• Umusonga n'indwara zo mu nzira y'ubuhumekero
• Indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari
• Indwara zo mu matwi ku bana n'abantu bakuru
• Indwara zo mu menyo n'ibibyimba
• Indwara z'ibikomere nyuma yo kubagwa cyangwa gukomereka
• Cellulitis (indwara y'uruhu rwijimye)

Umuvuzi wawe azemeza niba indwara yawe iterwa na bagiteri aho kuba virusi, kuko imiti yica mikorobe nka penicillin ntikora kuri virusi. Bashobora gufata umuco cyangwa gukoresha izindi igeragezwa kugira ngo bamenye bagiteri zihariye ziteza ibimenyetso byawe.

Ni izihe ndwara penicillin ikoreshwa mu kuvura?

Penicillin ivura neza indwara nyinshi ziterwa na bagiteri mu mubiri wawe. Umuvuzi wawe azahitamo uyu muti wica mikorobe igihe bazi ko bagiteri ziteza indwara yawe zifite ubushobozi bwo kwitaba ingaruka za penicillin. Uyu muti ukora neza cyane kurwanya bagiteri ya gram-positive, ifite ubwoko bwihariye bw'imiterere y'urukuta rw'uturemangingo.

Dore indwara nyamukuru aho penicillin yerekana ko ifite akamaro kanini, itondekanyije kuva ku zikunze kugaragara kugeza ku zikoreshwa cyane:

• Udukoko twa streptococci (umuhogo wa strep, umururumba)
• Udukoko twa staphylococci twandura uruhu
• Pneumonia iterwa na pneumococci
• Endocarditis ya bagiteri (indwara y'umutima)
• Meningitis iterwa na bagiteri zishobora kwandura
• Sifirisi n'indwara zimwe na zimwe zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina
• Kwandura anthrax (nk'ubuvuzi bwo gukumira)
• Gukumira umururumba wa reumatike

Mu bindi bihe, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba penicillin kugira ngo wirinde kwandura mbere y'uko bitangira. Ibi bibaho iyo uri mu kaga gakomeye kubera indwara zimwe na zimwe cyangwa ibikorwa bizaza bishobora kwinjiza bagiteri mu mubiri wawe.

Ese indwara ziterwa na bagiteri zishobora gukira zitabanje gufata penicillin?

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zoroheje ziterwa na bagiteri zishobora gukira zonyine niba urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa rukomeye bihagije kugira ngo zirwanye. Uburyo umubiri wawe wihanganira indwara karemano burimo uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso, imisemburo, n'izindi ngaruka z'ubudahangarwa zikora buri gihe kugira ngo zikureho bagiteri zangiza. Ariko, iyi nzira irashobora gutwara igihe kirekire kandi ntabwo buri gihe igenda neza.

Ikibazo ni uko udashobora buri gihe kumenya neza indwara zizakira mu buryo karemano n'iziziyongera. Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri zitavuwe zirashobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe, bigatera ibibazo bikomeye nk'uburozi bw'amaraso, kwangirika kw'ingingo, cyangwa ibibazo by'ubuzima bwa hato na hato. Ibi nibyo bituma abaganga bakunze gushishikariza kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti irwanya bagiteri aho gutegereza ngo barebe icyo kizavamo.

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bituma bitashoboka ko umubiri wawe ukiza indwara iterwa na bagiteri udafashijwe. Ibi birimo kugira urwego rw'ubudahangarwa rucitse intege, kuba ukiri muto cyane cyangwa ushaje, kuba ufite diyabete cyangwa izindi ndwara za hato na hato, cyangwa guhangana na bagiteri zikaze cyane.

Wakora iki kugira ngo ushyigikire umubiri wawe mugihe ufata penicillin?

Mugihe penicillin ikora akazi gakomeye kurwanya indwara ziterwa na bagiteri, urashobora gushyigikira umubiri wawe mu gukira no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti ukoresheje ingamba zoroshye zo kwita ku buzima bwawe. Kwitaho ubuzima bwawe bifasha umuti wica mikorobe gukora neza kandi bigabanya ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo. Izi ntambwe zishyigikira zikora hamwe n'imiti yawe, ntabwo zisimbura yo.

Dore uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyigikira umubiri wawe mugihe uvurwa na penicillin:

• Fata umuti uko byategetswe, nubwo wumva urushijeho kumera neza
• Nywa amazi menshi kugirango afashe gukuramo uburozi mu mubiri wawe
• Ruhuka bihagije kugirango ureke urugingo rw'umubiri rurwanya indwara rukore hamwe n'umuti wica mikorobe
• Fata ya yogati cyangwa probiotics kugirango ugumane bagiteri nziza mu gifu
• Irinda inzoga, zishobora kubangamira gukira no kongera ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti
• Fata umuti hamwe n'ibiryo niba bituma wumva utameze neza mu gifu
• Genzura ingaruka zose ziterwa n'imiti uzabimenyeshe muganga wawe

Izi ngamba zishyigikira zifasha gushyiraho ibidukikije byiza byo gukira mugihe zigabanya amahirwe yo guhura n'ibibazo byo mu gifu cyangwa izindi ngaruka nto. Wibuke ko kurangiza umuti wose wica mikorobe ari ngombwa, nubwo utangiye kumva umeze neza cyane.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura bw'ubuvuzi bwa Penicillin?

Muganga wawe azahitamo ubwoko bwihariye n'uburyo bwo gutanga penicillin bitewe n'aho indwara yawe iherereye, ubukana bwayo, n'ibintu byose bifitanye isano n'ubuzima bwawe. Intego ni ukubona umuti wica mikorobe uhagije kugirango ugere ahantu handuye kugirango ukureho bagiteri mugihe ugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti. Ubuvuzi mubisanzwe bumara hagati y'iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 14, nubwo ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bisaba igihe kirekire.

Penicillin yo kunywa iza mu buryo bw'ibinini, ibinini, cyangwa amazi asanzwe ufata unywa. Ubu buryo bukora neza kubantu barwaye indwara zoroheje kugeza ku ziciriritse kandi bikagufasha gukomeza kuvurwa uri murugo. Muganga wawe azavuga niba ugomba kuyifata hamwe n'ibiryo n'inshuro zingahe kumunsi, mubisanzwe buri masaha 6 kugeza kuri 8.

Penicillin itera inshinge ikoreshwa ku ndwara zikomeye cyangwa igihe imiti yo kunywa itakwiriye. Inshinge ziterwa mu mikaya zitera umuti wica mikorobe mu mikaya yawe, bituma winjizwa gahoro gahoro mu masaha menshi. Gutera umuti mu maraso binyuze mu muyoboro wa IV bituma winjizwa ako kanya mu maraso yawe, ibyo bikaba ari ngombwa ku ndwara ziteje ubuzima akaga.

Itsinda ryawe ryita ku buzima rizakurikirana uko witwara ku miti kandi rishobora guhindura urugero rwawo cyangwa rigahindura umuti wica mikorobe niba bibaye ngombwa. Bazareba kandi niba hari ibimenyetso byo kwivumbura ku miti cyangwa ingaruka zishobora gusaba ubufasha bwihuse.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona umuganga kubera gukenera Penicillin?

Ugomba kuvugana n'umuganga wawe igihe ufite ibimenyetso bigaragaza indwara iterwa na bagiteri, cyane cyane niba birimo birushaho cyangwa bimara igihe kirekire kuruta uko byari byitezwe. Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri akenshi ziteza ibimenyetso byihariye bitandukanye n'indwara ziterwa na virusi, kandi kuvurwa hakiri kare akenshi bitanga umusaruro mwiza. Ntugasubize inyuma niba wumva utameze neza cyane cyangwa niba ibimenyetso byawe bibangamira imirimo yawe ya buri munsi.

Ibi bimenyetso bikwiriye isuzuma ryo kwa muganga kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ukeneye kuvurwa n'umuti wica mikorobe:

• Urubavu rurenze 101°F (38.3°C) rumara iminsi irenga 2-3
• Umuhogo ukaze ufite ibara ryera cyangwa kugorwa kumeza
• Inkorora ihoraho ifite ibimeze nk'amazi bifite ibara (umuhondo, icyatsi, cyangwa amaraso)
• Ibyo bikomere byo ku ruhu bitukura, bishyushye, byabyimbye, cyangwa bitanga amashyira
• Ibimenyetso byo mu nkari nk'ububabare, kenshi, cyangwa inkari zifite umwanda
• Urubavu rwo mu matwi rufite ibimeze nk'amazi cyangwa impinduka zo kumva
• Kworoha vuba kw'ibimenyetso by'ibicurane cyangwa grip

Shaka ubufasha bwihuse bwo kwa muganga niba ugize ibimenyetso by'indwara ikomeye, nk'uguhumeka bigoranye, kuribwa mu gituza, kubabara umutwe cyane hamwe no gukakara kw'ijosi, cyangwa ibimenyetso bya sepsi nk'urujijo, umutima utera cyane, cyangwa intege nke zikabije.

Ni ayahe mahirwe yo gukenera kuvurwa na Penicillin?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera amahirwe yo kurwara indwara ziterwa na mikorobe zikeneye kuvurwa na penicillin. Kumva ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bifasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda no kumenya igihe ushobora gukenera ubufasha bwa muganga. Ariko, kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzahita urwara indwara, ahubwo bisobanura ko ugomba kwitondera ibimenyetso.

Ibyago byawe bishobora kuba byinshi niba ufite indwara zigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umubiri bwo kurwanya mikorobe mu buryo busanzwe. Imyaka nayo igira uruhare, kuko abana bato cyane n'abantu bakuze cyane bakunda kugira ubudahangarwa buke. Byongeye kandi, ibintu bimwe na bimwe by'imibereho n'imiti ishobora guca intege by'agateganyo uburyo umubiri wawe wirinda.

Ibintu bisanzwe byongera ibyago birimo:

• Indwara zidakira nka diyabete, indwara z'impyiko, cyangwa indwara z'umutima
• Imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa cyangwa imiti ivura
• Kubagwa vuba cyangwa ibikorwa byo kwa muganga bikomeretsa
• Ibyonda, ibikomere, cyangwa ibishyitsi
• Kuba kenshi ahantu hari abantu benshi
• Imirire mibi cyangwa kubura vitamine
• Umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa kubura ibitotsi
• Ukunywa itabi cyangwa kunywa inzoga nyinshi

Nubwo udashobora kugenzura ibintu byose byongera ibyago, kugira isuku nziza, kurya neza, kuruhuka bihagije, no gucunga indwara zidakira bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara ziterwa na mikorobe.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no kuvurwa na Penicillin?

Abantu benshi bafata neza penicillin, ariko nk'imiti yose, ishobora gutera ingaruka ku bantu bamwe. Ingaruka nyinshi muri izo ni nto kandi z'agateganyo, zikagenda igihe umubiri wawe umaze kumenyera umuti cyangwa urangije kuvurwa. Ariko, kumenya ingaruka zishobora kuvuka bifasha kumenya igihe wahamagara umuganga wawe.

Ingaruka zisanzwe, zoroshye abantu benshi bahura nazo zirimo ibibazo byo mu gifu, nk'isuka, kubabara mu nda, cyangwa impiswi. Ibi mubisanzwe birakosoka niba ufata umuti hamwe n'ibiryo kandi mubisanzwe ntibisaba guhagarika umuti wica mikorobe. Abantu bamwe kandi babona impinduka mu mikorobe yabo isanzwe, bishobora gutera indwara ziterwa na aside.

Ibikomere bikomeye ariko bidakunze kubaho birimo:

• Urugero rw'uburwayi butandukanye kuva ku ruhu rworoshye kugeza kuri anaphylaxis ikomeye
• Indwara ya Clostridioides difficile (indwara ikomeye yo mu mara)
• Indwara z'amaraso zireba selile zera z'amaraso cyangwa ibice by'amaraso
• Impinduka z'imikorere y'umwijima (ntarengwa hamwe n'inzira ngufi)
• Ibibazo by'impyiko (cyane cyane hamwe n'imiti myinshi cyangwa ikoreshwa igihe kirekire)
• Kugwa igihumure (ntarengwa cyane, mubisanzwe hamwe n'imiti myinshi cyane ya IV)

Vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya niba ugize impiswi ikomeye, ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri nk'ingorane zo guhumeka cyangwa uruhu rwakwiriye hose, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bidasanzwe bikubabaza mugihe uvurwa.

Ese Penicillin ni nziza cyangwa mbi ku buzima bwawe muri rusange?

Penicillin muri rusange ni nziza cyane ku buzima bwawe iyo ufite indwara iterwa na mikorobe isaba kuvurwa n'umuti wica mikorobe. Inyungu ziruta cyane ibyago kubantu benshi, kuko indwara ziterwa na mikorobe zitavuwe zishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa ndetse n'ubuzima buteye akaga. Uyu muti warokoye ubuzima butabarika kuva wavumburwa kandi ukomeza kuba ibuye ry'ifatizo ry'ubuvuzi bwa none.

Ariko, nk'imiti yica mikorobe yose, penicillin ikwiye gukoreshwa gusa iyo bikenewe mu buvuzi. Gufata imiti yica mikorobe iyo utayikeneye bishobora gutuma mikorobe irwanya imiti, aho mikorobe zirushaho kuvurwa uko igihe kigenda. Irashobora kandi guhungabanya imiterere y'umubiri wawe isanzwe, bishobora gutera ibibazo byo mu gifu cyangwa indwara zikurikira.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukuyikoresha neza kandi umuganga abigufashamo. Iyo wandikiwe neza kubera indwara ziterwa na mikorobe, penicillin ifasha kugarura ubuzima bwawe vuba kandi ikakumira ibibazo. Muganga wawe azagereranya akamaro n'ingaruka zishobora kubaho bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bwifashe n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima.

Ni iki gishobora kwitiranywa no kuvurwa na Penicillin?

Rimwe na rimwe abantu bavanga kuvurwa na penicillin n'izindi miti cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura. Ibyo bikunda kubaho iyo abantu batekereza ko imiti yose irwanya mikorobe imwe, nyamara penicillin ni ubwoko bumwe bwihariye muri byinshi bitandukanye by'imiti irwanya mikorobe. Buri imwe ikora mu buryo butandukanye kandi ikarwanya ubwoko butandukanye bwa mikorobe.

Abantu kandi rimwe na rimwe bavanga ingaruka za penicillin n'ibimenyetso byerekana ko umuti utari gukora cyangwa ko indwara yabo irimo iriyongera. Urugero, kubabara mu gifu gakeya, akenshi ni uburyo busanzwe umubiri witwara ku muti urwanya mikorobe aho kuba ikimenyetso cyo kunanirwa kw'ubuvuzi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, abantu bamwe bategereza kumva bameze neza ako kanya kandi bakagira impungenge iyo imitsi itwara amasaha 24-48.

Ikindi kintu gikunze kuvangirwa ni ukutekereza ko penicillin ishobora kuvura indwara ziterwa na virusi nk'ibicurane bisanzwe cyangwa grip. Imitsi irwanya mikorobe, harimo na penicillin, ikora gusa ku ndwara ziterwa na mikorobe kandi nta ngaruka igira ku virusi. Iyi ni yo mpamvu muganga wawe atazakwandikira penicillin ku ndwara nyinshi zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, akenshi ziterwa na virusi.

Abantu bamwe kandi bavanga ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa na penicillin n'ingaruka zisanzwe. Ibyo kwibasirwa nyabyo birimo ibimenyetso nk'ingorane zo guhumeka, uruhu ruruma cyane, cyangwa kubyimba, mu gihe ingaruka zisanzwe zikunda kurangirira ku kubabara mu gifu gakeya cyangwa kuribwa uruhu gakeya.

Ibikunze kubazwa ku bijyanye na Penicillin

Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkorera penicillin?

Ni byiza kwirinda inzoga igihe urimo gufata penicillin, nubwo itazagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y'umuti. Inzoga irashobora gutuma ingaruka zikomeye nk'isuka no kuribwa mu nda, kandi irashobora gutinda gukira kwawe bitewe no kubangamira ibitotsi n'imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bwawe. Umubiri wawe ukeneye imbaraga zawo zose zishyize mu kurwanya icyorezo, bityo kwirinda inzoga bifasha kunoza uburyo bwo gukira kwawe.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nibagiwe gufata urugero rwa penicillin?

Fata urugero wibagiwe uko ubyibutse, keretse igihe cyegereje cyo gufata urugero rukurikira. Muri icyo gihe, reka urugero wibagiwe ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe. Ntukigere ufata urugero rurenze rumwe kugirango wuzuze urwo wibagiwe, kuko ibyo bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka. Shyiraho ibyibutso kuri terefone cyangwa ukoreshe igikoresho gifasha gukoresha imiti kugirango bigufashe gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo gufata imiti.

Penicillin imara igihe kingana gute mu mubiri wawe?

Penicillin ivanwa mu mubiri wawe vuba, akenshi mu masaha 24 nyuma yo gufata urugero rwawe rwa nyuma. Ariko, ingaruka zayo ku mikorere y'agakoko n'ubuzima bwawe bikomeza nubwo umuti wavuye mu mubiri. Ibi nibyo bituma ari ngombwa kurangiza urugendo rwose rwanditswe, nubwo wumva umeze neza mbere yo kurangiza ibinini byose. Umuti ukeneye igihe cyo gukuraho burundu agakoko gatera icyorezo.

Nshobora gufata penicillin niba ntwise cyangwa nkamira?

Penicillin muri rusange ifatwa nk'umuti utagira ingaruka mu gihe cyo gutwita no konsa, kandi abaganga bakunze kuyandika iyo abagore batwite bagize indwara ziterwa n'agakoko. Uyu muti winjira mu mata mu bwinshi buto, ariko ibi mubisanzwe ntibigira ingaruka ku bana bonsa. Ariko, buri gihe menyesha umuganga wawe ku bijyanye no gutwita cyangwa konsa, kuko bashobora kwifuza kugukurikiranira hafi cyangwa guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa.

Kuki nkeneye gufata penicillin nubwo numva meze neza?

Gusoza umuti wa penicillin wose ni ngombwa kuko kumva umeze neza ntibisobanura ko mikorobe zose zasohotse. Hariho mikorobe zishobora kuba zigihari mu mubare muto, kandi guhagarika imiti hakiri kare bishobora kuzitera kongera kwiyongera, bishobora gutera indwara yisubiramo. Byongeye kandi, mikorobe zirokoka imiti igice zishobora kwigirira ubwirinzi kuri antibiyotike, bigatuma indwara zizaza zigora kuvurwa.