Chii Chinonzi Acute Myelogenous Leukemia? Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, & Kurapa

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), rudzi rwekenza yeruoko inokura nekukurumidza kana mapfupa ako akaita masero machena akawanda asingawanzo. Aya masero asina kunaka anokanganisa masero eruoko ane hutano, zvichiita kuti muviri wako usakwanise kurwisa hutachiona, kutakura oksijeni, uye kumisa kubuda kweropa zvakakwana.

Kunyangwe chirwere ichi chingaita sekutyisa, kunzwisisa zviri kuitika mumuviri mako uye kuziva nzira dzekurapa kunogona kukubatsira kunzwa wakagadzirira. AML inotapura vanhu vemazera ese, kunyangwe ichinyanya kuwanikwa muvakuru vane makore anopfuura 60. Mashoko akanaka ndeakuti kurapwa kwakavandudzika zvikuru, uye vanhu vakawanda vane AML vanogona kuwana remission nekuchengetedza kwakakodzera.

Chii Chinonzi Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

AML inotanga mumapfupa ako, tishu yakapfava iri mukati memapfupa ako kwaanoitwa masero eruoko. Kazhinji, mapfupa ako anoita masero machena ane hutano anobatsira kurwisa hutachiona. MuAML, chimwe chinhu chinoitika munzira iyi, uye mapfupa ako anotanga kuita masero machena asingawanzo anonzi blasts.

Aya masero eblasts haashande zvakanaka uye anoita kakawanda nekukurumidza. Anotora nzvimbo inofanira kushandiswa nemasero eruoko ane hutano. Izvi zvinoreva kuti muviri wako haugone kuita masero matsvuku akawanda, masero machena, kana maplatelets.

Shoko rokuti "acute" rinoreva kuti chirwere ichi chinokura nekukurumidza, kazhinji mukati memasvondo kana mwedzi. Izvi zvakasiyana nekenza yemafuta, iyo inokura zvishoma nezvishoma kwemakore. Kukura nekukurumidza kunoreva kuti AML inoda kutarisirwa nekukurumidza kwemishonga uye kurapwa.

Ndeapi zviratidzo zveAcute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Zviratidzo zveAML zvinoitika nekuti muviri wako hauna masero eruoko ane hutano anoshanda zvakanaka. Ungacherechedza kunzwa kuneta kana kushaya simba, kunyangwe uine zororo rakakwana. Vanhu vakawanda vanonzwawo hutachiona hwakawanda hunoramba huripo kana kuenderera mberi.

Heano zviratidzo zvikuru zvaunogona kuona:

• Kuneta kwakanyanya uye kushaya simba kunoshaya kugadziriswa nezororo
• Hutachiona hwakawanda, fivha, kana zviratidzo zvakaita sechirwere chemafuta
• Kubuda ropa nyore kana kubuda ropa, kusanganisira kubuda ropa mumhuno kana kubuda ropa mumazino
• Kushaya mweya panguva yemabasa akajairika
• Ganda rakatsvuka kana kunzwa kutonhora
• Kurasikirwa nehuremu kusina tsananguro
• Kurwadziwa kwemwongo kana majoini
• Zvinyama zvakazvimba muhuro, armpits, kana groin

Vamwe vanhu vanonzwawo mavara madiki, matsvuku paganda ravo anonzi petechiae. Aya mavara madiki ndeaya kubuda ropa duku pasi peganda uye anoitika nekuti hauna maplatelets akakwana kubatsira ropa rako kuoma zvakanaka.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti aya maratidzo anogona kukonzerwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kwete AML chete. Zvisinei, kana uri kuona zviratidzo zvakawanda izvi pamwe chete, kunyanya kana zviri kuipa, zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba wako.

Ndeapi marudzi eAcute Myelogenous Leukemia?

AML haisi chirwere chimwe chete asi inosanganisira marudzi akawanda emarudzi zvichienderana nerudzi rwesero reruoko rinokanganiswa uye masero ekenza anoita sei pasi pemikroskopu. Chiremba wako achaona rudzi rwako chaiwo kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwakakwana, izvo zvinobatsira kutungamira chirongwa chako chekurapa.

Nzira inonyanya kuzivikanwa yevakadzi vanoronga AML ndeyekushandisa World Health Organization (WHO) system. Sisitimu iyi inoona kuchinja kwemajini muma cell ekenza uye inoparadzanisa AML mumapoka makuru akawanda. Mamwe marudzi ane majini akasiyana-siyana, nepo mamwe akabatana nekurapwa kwekare kwekensa kana matambudziko eropa.

Imwe sisitimu yekurongedza inonzi French-American-British (FAB) system inoparadzanisa AML muma subtypes masere anonzi M0 kusvika kuM7. Iyo subtype imwe neimwe inomiririra nhanho dzakasiyana dzekukura kwesero reruoko kwaanoitwa kenza. Rudzi rwako chaiwo runobatsira timu yako yekurapa kusarudza nzira yekurapa inonyanya kushanda kune mamiriro ako.

Chii chinokonzera Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Muzviitiko zvizhinji, vanachiremba havazivi chaizvo chinokonzera AML kukura. Chirwere ichi chinoitika kana kuchinja kweDNA kuchitika muma cell emapfupa, zvichiita kuti ikure uye ikure nekukurumidza. Aya kuchinja kweDNA kazhinji kunoitika zvisingatarisirwi panguva yehupenyu hwemunhu panzvimbo pekuhwanda kubva kuvabereki.

Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako yekukura aya kuchinja kweDNA:

• Kurapwa kwekare kwekensa ne chemotherapy kana radiation therapy
• Kuonekwa ne radiation yakawanda
• Kuonekwa kwenguva refu nemakemikari akadai se benzene
• Kusvuta fodya
• Matambudziko eropa akadai se myelodysplastic syndrome
• Mamwe mamiriro emajini akadai se Down syndrome

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kuva nezvinhu zvinowedzera njodzi imwe kana kupfuura hazvirevi kuti iwe uchava neAML. Vanhu vakawanda vane zvinhu zvinowedzera njodzi havazombovi nekenza, nepo vamwe vasina zvinhu zvinozivikanwa zvinowedzera njodzi vanowana chirwere ichi. Kuwirirana pakati pemajini uye nharaunda kwakaoma uye kuri kufundwa nevanoongorora.

Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, AML inogona kubatana nemamiriro emajini anowanikwa. Zvisinei, izvi zvinongova chikamu chidiki chezviitiko. Vanhu vakawanda vane AML havafaniri nhoroondo yemhuri yeiyi chirwere.

Rini unofanira kuona chiremba nekuda kweAcute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Unofanira kubata nachiremba wako kana uri kuona zviratidzo zvinoramba zviripo zvinokunetsa, kunyanya kana zviri kukanganisa hupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva. Usamirire kuti zviratidzo zvive zvakanyanya usati watarisa kurapwa.

Fonera chiremba wako nekukurumidza kana ukaona kuneta kwasingawanzo kuvandudzwa nezororo, hutachiona hwakawanda, kana kubuda ropa nyore. Aya maratidzo anogona kuratidza dambudziko nemasero ako eropa anoda kuongororwa.

Tsvaga rubatsiro rwekurapa nekukurumidza kana ukawana zviratidzo zvakakomba senge fivha yakakwira, kuoma kufema, kubuda ropa kwakanyanya kunogona kumira, kana kurwadziwa pabvudzi. Izvi zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvematambudziko akakomba anoda rubatsiro rwekukurumidza.

Yeuka kuti kuonekwa kwenguva uye kurapwa kweAML kunogona kuita musiyano mukuru mumagumisiro. Chiremba wako anogona kuita bvunzo dzeropa nyore kuongorora nhamba dzemasero eropa ako uye kuona kana kuongororwa kwakawanda kunodiwa.

Ndeapi zvinhu zvinowedzera njodzi yeAcute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinowedzera njodzi kunogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo dzakachenjera nezvehutano hwako, kunyangwe zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kuva nezvinhu zvinowedzera njodzi hazvirevi kuti uchava neAML. Vanhu vakawanda vane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowedzera njodzi havazombovi nekenza, nepo vamwe vasina zvinhu zvinooneka zvinowedzera njodzi vanowana chirwere ichi.

Zera ndiro chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chinowedzera njodzi, neAML ichinyanya kuwanikwa sezvo vanhu vakura. Avhareji yezera pakuonekwa ndeye makore anenge 68. Zvisinei, AML inogona kuitika pazera ripi zvaro, kusanganisira muvana nevakuru vechidiki.

Heano zvinhu zvikuru zvinowedzera njodzi zvinogona kuwedzera mikana yako yekukura AML:

• Kuva murume (njodzi yakakwira zvishoma kupfuura vakadzi)
• Kurapwa kwekare kwekensa nemamwe mishonga ye chemotherapy kana radiation
• Nhoroondo yematambudziko eropa akadai se myelodysplastic syndrome kana myelofibrosis
• Matambudziko emajini akadai se Down syndrome kana Fanconi anemia
• Kuonekwa kwenguva refu ne benzene kana mamwe makemikari emugungano
• Kusvuta fodya
• Kuonekwa ne radiation yakawanda

Mamwe mamiriro asingawanzoitiki emajini anogona zvakare kuwedzera njodzi yeAML. Izvi zvinosanganisira Li-Fraumeni syndrome, neurofibromatosis, uye mamwe mamiriro anowanikwa ekutadza kwemapfupa. Kana uine nhoroondo yemhuri yeiyi mamiriro, mazano emajini anogona kubatsira.

Mashoko akanaka ndeakuti mamwe mamiriro anowedzera njodzi, senge kusvuta, anogona kuchinjwa kuburikidza nekuchinja mararamiro. Kunyangwe usingakwanise kuchinja zvinhu senge zera kana majini, kuisa pfungwa pane zvaunogona kudzora kunogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yako yekenza yose.

Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kuitika eAcute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Matambudziko eAML anoitika nekuti chirwere ichi chinoita kuti muviri wako usakwanise kuita masero eruoko ane hutano. Kunzwisisa aya matambudziko anogona kukubatsira kuziva zviratidzo zvechigadzirwa uye kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekurapa nekukurumidza kana zvichidiwa.

Matambudziko anonyanya kuitika anobva pakushaya masero eruoko ane hutano mumuviri mako. Nhamba shoma dzemasero matsvuku dzinogona kukonzera anemia yakakomba, zvichiita kuti unzwe kuneta kwazvo uye kushaya mweya. Nhamba shoma dzemaplatelets inowedzera njodzi yako yekubuda ropa kwakakomba, nepo nhamba shoma dzemasero machena zvichiita kuti uve munhu anokurumidza kuwana hutachiona hunouraya.

Heano matambudziko makuru aunogona kusangana nawo:

• Hutachiona hwakakomba hunogona kuva hunouraya
• Kubuda ropa kwakakomba, kusanganisira kubuda ropa mukati
• Anemia yakakomba inokonzera matambudziko emoyo
• Tumor lysis syndrome kubva kurapwa
• Graft-versus-host disease mushure mekuiswa kwemasero emapfupa
• Kenza yechipiri kubva kurapwa
• Kukuvadzwa kwezvikamu zvemuviri kubva kumasero ekenza

Mamwe matambudziko anogona kukura kunyangwe uine kurapwa. Chemotherapy, kunyangwe zvichidikanwa kurwisa kenza, inogona kumanikidza nhamba dzemasero eropa kuti dziwedzere kupera, kuwedzera njodzi yehutachiona uye kubuda ropa. Timu yako yekurapa ichakutarisa pedyo uye ichaitwa matanho ekudzivirira uye kudzora aya matambudziko.

Chinetso chisingawanzoitiki chinonzi tumor lysis syndrome chinoitika kana kurapwa kuuraya masero ekenza nekukurumidza zvekuti itsvo dzako hadzikwanise kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasara. Kunyangwe zvakakomba, chinetso ichi chinogona kudzivirirwa nekudhakwa kwakakwana uye mishonga.

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia inozwivikanwa sei?

Kuziva AML kazhinji kunotanga nebvunzo dzeropa dzinoita kuti nhamba dzemasero eropa dzive dzisingawanzo. Chiremba wako achaodza bvunzo yakakwana yeropa (CBC) kuongorora mazinga emasero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye maplatelets muropa rako.

Kana bvunzo dzako dzeropa dzichiratidza leukemia, chiremba wako achakurudzira biopsy yemapfupa. Nzira iyi inosanganisira kutora sampuli diki yemapfupa, kazhinji kubva mumwongo wako, kuongorora masero pasi pemikroskopu. Kunyangwe biopsy ichinzwa sekutyisa, inoitirwa neanesthesia yemunharaunda kuderedza kusagadzikana.

Kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa kunobatsira kuona rudzi rweAML rwaunaro uye kutungamira sarudzo dzekurapa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuongororwa kwemajini emasero ekenza, flow cytometry kuziva marudzi emasero, uye bvunzo dze mifananidzo senge CT scans kana chest X-rays kuona kana leukemia yakapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri mako.

Nzira yose yekuongorora kazhinji inotora mazuva mashoma kusvika pavhiki. Timu yako yekurapa ichaita nekukurumidza nekuti AML inokura nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kazhinji kunofanira kutanga nekukurumidza mushure mekuonekwa. Panguva ino, vanogona zvakare kuita bvunzo kuongorora hutano hwako hwese uye kuona nzira yekurapa inonyanya kukodzera.

Kurapa kweAcute Myelogenous Leukemia ndekupi?

Kurapa kweAML kazhinji kunoitika muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: induction therapy kuwana remission uye consolidation therapy kudzivirira kenza kubva kudzoka. Chinangwa cheinduction therapy ndechekuuraya masero ekenza akawanda sezvinobvira uye kudzoreredza kugadzirwa kwemasero eruoko ane hutano.

Chemotherapy ndiyo kurapwa kukuru kwevanhu vakawanda vane AML. Uchawana mishonga yakawanda yakagadzirirwa kunangana nemasero ekenza uchichengetedza masero ane hutano sezvinobvira. Kurapwa kazhinji kunoda kugara muchipatara kwemavhiki mashoma apo muviri wako unovandudza uye masero matsva eruoko ane hutano anokura.

Chirongwa chako chekurapa chichagadzirirwa mamiriro ako chaiwo, kusanganisira:

• Intensive induction chemotherapy (kazhinji mazuva 7-10)
• Consolidation chemotherapy kudzivirira relapse
• Stem cell transplant kune vamwe varwere
• Mishonga inorwisa kenza ine zvinangwa zvakakosha zvemajini akasiyana
• Kutarisirwa kwakabatsira kusanganisira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye kuiswa kweropa
• Kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zve kurapa

Kune vamwe vanhu, kunyanya avo vane kuchinja kwemajini muma cell avo ekenza, mishonga inorwisa kenza ine zvinangwa zvakakosha inogona kuwedzerwa kune chemotherapy yakajairika. Aya mishonga inoshanda zvakasiyana ne chemotherapy yakajairika nekutarisa mapuroteni chaiwo anobatsira masero ekenza kukura.

Stem cell transplant inogona kukurudzirwa kana uri ane hutano hwakakwana uye une munyori akakodzera. Kurapwa uku kwakakomba kunotsiva mapfupa ako nemasero ane hutano kubva kune munyori, zvichikupa mukana wakanaka we remission yehupenyu hwese.

Nzira yekutarisira kuchengetedza kumba panguva yekurapa kweAcute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Kutarisira kurapwa kweAML kumba kunoda kutarisisa kwakanyanya pakudzivirira hutachiona uye kutarisira migumisiro. Sisitimu yako yekudzivirira ichava yakasimba panguva yekurapa, zvichiita kuti uve munhu anokurumidza kuwana hutachiona hunogona kuva hwakakomba kana kunouraya.

Kudzivirira hutachiona kunova chinhu chako chikuru. Geza maoko ako kazhinji neshampo nemvura, kunyanya usati wadya uye mushure mekushandisa imba yekugezera. Dzivisa mapoka evanhu uye vanhu vanorwara, uye funga kupfeka mask munzvimbo dzevanhu kana chiremba wako akakurudzira.

Heano mazano ekutarisira kumba akakosha:

• Tora tembiricha yako zuva nezuva uye uudze fivha nekukurumidza
• Dya kudya kwakachengeteka uchizvidzivirira kubva pakudya kwakabikwa kana kusina kubikwa zvakakwana
• Ramba wakadhakwa nemvura yakachena yakawanda
• Wana zororo rakakwana uye hope
• Tora mishonga yose sezvakanyorwa
• Chengeta misangano yose yekurapa
• Tarisa zviratidzo zve kubuda ropa kana hutachiona

Kutarisira kuneta kwakakoshawo pakuvandudzika kwako. Rongedza mabasa panguva yaunonzwa une simba zvikuru, kazhinji mangwanani. Usanetseka kukumbira mhuri neshamwari rubatsiro nemabasa ezuva nezuva senge kutenga zvekudya, kubika, kana kuchenesa.

Chengeta thermometer iri pedyo uye tarisa tembiricha yako kana uchinzwa kusagadzikana. Bata timu yako yekurapa nekukurumidza kana ukawana fivha, sezvo izvi zvingaratidza hutachiona hwakakomba hunoda kurapwa nekukurumidza.

Unofanira kugadzirira sei musangano wako nachiremba?

Kugadzirira misangano yako nachiremba kunogona kukubatsira kuita zvakanyanya panguva yenyu pamwe chete uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti unowana mhinduro kumibvunzo yako inonyanya kukosha. Nyora mibvunzo yako usati watanga, sezviri nyore kuikanganwa kana uchinzwa kunetseka kana kuwandisa.

Uya ne rondedzero yakakwana yemishonga yose yaunotora, kusanganisira mishonga yekutengesa, mavhitamini, uye zvinowedzerwa. Uyewo,unganidza rekodhi dzose dzekurapa kubva kune vamwe vanachiremba, kunyanya mhinduro dzebvunzo dzeropa kana ongororo dzemifananidzo.

Funga kuuya nemhuri yakavimbika kana shamwari kumisangano. Vanogona kukubatsira kuyeuka ruzivo rwakakosha, kubvunza mibvunzo yaunogona kukanganwa, uye kupa rutsigiro rwemanzwiro panguva yekukurukura kwakaoma.

Gadzirira mibvunzo yakakosha nezve mamiriro ako, nzira dzekurapa, uye zvaunofanira kutarisira. Usanetseka kubvunza mibvunzo yakawanda - timu yako yekurapa inoda kukubatsira kunzwisisa mamiriro ako uye kunzwa wakasununguka nechirongwa chako chekurapa.

Chii chinonyanya kukosha nezveAcute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kunzwisisa nezve AML ndechekuti kunyangwe iri mamiriro akakomba anoda kurapwa nekukurumidza, vanhu vakawanda vanowana remission uye vanorarama hupenyu hwese. Kurapwa kwakavandudzika zvikuru mumakore apfuura, zvichipa tariro uye zvinotarisirwa zvechokwadi zvekuvandudza.

Kuonekwa kwenguva uye kurapwa nekukurumidza kunoita musiyano mukuru mumagumisiro. Kana uri kuona zviratidzo zvinokunetsa, usanetseka kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekurapa. Timu yako yekurapa ine hunyanzvi uye zvishandiso zvekuziva AML zvakarurama uye kugadzira chirongwa chekurapa chakagadzirirwa zvinodiwa zvako chaiwo.

Yeuka kuti kuva neAML hakusi kukutsanangurira, uye hausi wega munzira iyi. Rutsigiro kubva kumhuri, shamwari, uye vanachiremba kunogona kuita musiyano mukuru mukuita kwako ne kurapwa uye kuvandudza. Isa pfungwa pakutora zvinhu zuva rimwe nerimwe uye kufara nezviitiko zvidiki munzira.

Mibvunzo inobvunzwa kazhinji nezveAcute Myelogenous Leukemia

AML inowanikwa here?

Zviitiko zvizhinji zveAML hazviwanikwi kubva kuvabereki. Chikamu chidiki chete chezviitiko zveAML chinobatanidzwa nemamiriro emajini anowanikwa. Vakawanda vanhu vane AML havafaniri nhoroondo yemhuri yeiyi chirwere, uye kuva neAML hakuwedzeri njodzi yevana vako kana nhengo dzemhuri dzako.

Kurapa kweAML kunotora nguva yakareba sei?

Kurapa kweAML kazhinji kunotora mwedzi yakati kuti kuti kupedze. Induction therapy kazhinji inotora mavhiki 4-6, ichiteverwa ne consolidation therapy inogona kuenderera kwemamwe mwedzi yakati wandei. Nguva chaiyo inobva pakuti unopindura sei kurapwa uye kana uchida kurapwa kwakawedzerwa senge stem cell transplant.

Unogona kushanda here panguva yekurapa kweAML?

Vanhu vakawanda havawanzo kushanda panguva yekurapa kwakakomba kweAML nekuda kwezvinodiwa muchipatara uye migumisiro. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vanogona kushanda hafu yenguva kana kubva kumba panguva yematanho akati wandei ekurapa. Kurukura mamiriro ako ebasa ne timu yako yekurapa kuti uone kuti chii chakachengeteka uye chakakodzera kune mamiriro ako chaiwo.

Chii chinonzi survival rate yeAML?

Survival rates yeAML inosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nezvinhu senge zera, hutano hwese, uye hunhu hwakakosha hwemajini hwekensa. Varwere vechidiki kazhinji vane magumisiro akanaka, ne 5-year survival rates ichibva pa 35-40% yose. Zvisinei, magumisiro emuviri anogona kuva akanaka kana akaipisisa kupfuura aya mashoko, uye kurapwa kwakawanda kuri kuenderera mberi kuvandudza magumisiro.

AML inogona kudzoka here mushure mekurapwa?

Hungu, AML inogona kudzoka mushure mekurapwa, izvo zvinonzi relapse. Ndosaka consolidation therapy uye kutarisirwa kwenguva refu zvakakosha. Timu yako yekurapa ichakutarisa pedyo nebvunzo dzeropa dzenguva dzose uye kuongororwa kuti uone chero zviratidzo zvechirwere kudzoka nekukurumidza, kana zvichigona kurapwa.