Ukuthi yini i-Acoustic Neuroma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-acoustic neuroma iyisigxobo esingesiye umdlavuza esikhula esinzwini ehlanganisa indlebe yakho nobuchopho bakho. Le sigxobo esikhula kancane sikhula esinzwini le-vestibular, esisiza ekulawuleni ibhalansi yakho nokukuzwa. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, lezi zigxobo ziyimbi, okusho ukuthi ngeke zisakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho njengoba umdlavuza enza.

Izinengi ze-acoustic neuromas zikhula kancane kakhulu eminyakeni eminingi. Abanye abantu bahlala nazo ezincane ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi zikhona. Isigxobo sakhiwa yi-shealth evikela inzwa yakho, kufana nokuthi ukufakwa kwe-insulation kuvikela intambo yombane.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-acoustic neuroma?

Isilwane sokuqala esivamile ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa ngokunyathelisayo endlebeni eyodwa. Ungase uqaphele imisindo ihlala icishe noma uzizwe sengathi abantu bayakhuluma ngokuthambile uma bekhuluma nawe. Lokhu kushintsha kokuzwa kuvame ukwenzeka kancane kangangokuthi abantu abaningi abakwazi ukuqaphela ukuthi kwenzeka.

Njengoba isigxobo sikhula, ungase uhlangabezane nezinye izimpawu ezingathinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke:

• Ukubhonga endlebeni yakho (tinnitus) okungapheli
• Ukuzizwa ungaqinile noma ukhuluphuke, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba
• Ukuqina noma ukucindezela endlebeni yakho ethintekayo
• Ukukhuluphuka ekuqondeni inkulumo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomsindo
• Izinkinga zobulinganiso ezikwenza uzizwe sengathi uyaqhaqhazela

Ezimeni ezingavamile lapho isigxobo sibekhulu kakhulu, ungase uhlangabezane nezimpawu ezinkulu. Lokhu kungafaka ukungazwa kobuso, ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso, noma izihlangu ezinzima. Izigxobo ezinkulu kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi zingabangela izinkinga zokubona noma ukukhuluphuka ekugeleni.

Izimpawu zikhula kancane ngoba ubuchopho bakho bunethuba lokujwayela izinguquko. Kungakho abantu abaningi bengafuni usizo ngokushesha, becabanga ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwabo kuyiyingxenye nje yokuguga.

Yini ebangela i-acoustic neuroma?

Izinengi ze-acoustic neuromas zikhula ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Isigxobo sikhula lapho amaseli e-shealth evikela inzwa eqala ukukhula ngokungavamile. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yenguquko ye-genetic kulezi zicubu, kodwa asiqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani.

Isici esaziwayo sokungena engozini yisimo se-genetic esingavamile esibizwa nge-neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Abantu abane-NF2 banethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokuthuthukisa i-acoustic neuromas, ngokuvamile ezindlebeni zombili. Noma kunjalo, lesi simo sithinta abantu abangaphansi kuka-1 ku-25,000.

Ezinye izifundo zihlole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwefoni yocingo noma ukukhishwa komsindo omkhulu kungase kukhulise ingozi, kodwa ucwaningo aluphumenanga uxhumano olucacile. Iminyaka idlala indima, njengoba lezi zigxobo zivame ukubonakala kubantu abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengu-60.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-acoustic neuroma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa endlebeni eyodwa okungathuthuki. Ngisho noma ushintsho lubonakala luncane, kufanele luhlolwe ngoba ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungase kuholele eziphumeleni ezingcono zokwelashwa.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha kunokuba kamuva uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa kokuzwa ngokuzumayo, ukubhonga okuqhubekayo endlebeni eyodwa, noma izinkinga ezintsha zobulinganiso. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingaba nezizathu eziningi, udokotela wakho udinga ukuqeda i-acoustic neuroma nezinye izimo.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa izihlangu ezinkulu, izinguquko zokubona, noma ubuthakathaka bobuso. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise isigxobo esikhulu esidinga ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini izici zengozi ze-acoustic neuroma?

Iminyaka yiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu yengozi yokuthuthukisa i-acoustic neuroma. Abantu abaningi abaxilongwe ngalesi simo baneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengu-60, nakuba ingase ibonakale kunoma iyiphi iminyaka.

Ukuba ne-neurofibromatosis type 2 kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yakho. Lesi simo se-genetic sibangela ukukhula kwezigxobo eziningi ezinzwini emzimbeni wakho wonke. Uma unomlando womndeni we-NF2, ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic kungakusiza ukuqonda ingozi yakho.

Ukukhishwa kwangaphambili kwemisebe ekhanda lakho noma endaweni yomlomo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobuntwana, kungase kukhulise kancane ingozi yakho. Lokhu kufaka ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Noma kunjalo, ingozi iyonke ihlala incane ngisho nalokhu kukhishwa.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-acoustic neuroma?

Umphumela ovamile wesikhathi eside ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okungapheli endlebeni ethintekayo. Lokhu kungenzeka kancane kancane njengoba isigxobo sikhula noma ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ngemuva kokwelashwa. Abantu abaningi bafunda ukujwayela ukukuzwa ngendlebe eyodwa.

Izinkinga zobulinganiso zingase ziqhubeke ngisho nangemuva kokwelashwa, nakuba ibhalansi yabantu abaningi iphucuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ubuchopho bakho bufunda ukuthembela kakhulu kwezinye izinhlelo zakho zobulinganiso, kufaka phakathi ukubona kwakho nesihlangululi sobulinganiso endlebeni yakho engathintekile.

Izinkinga zezinzwa zobuso zimelela inkinga enkulu kodwa engavamile. Izigxobo ezinkulu zingathinta inzwa yobuso ehamba eduze nenzwa yokuzwa. Lokhu kungabangela ubuthakathaka bobuso, ukukhuluphuka ekuvaleni iso lakho, noma izinguquko zokunambitha. Ingozi iphakeme ngezigxobo ezinkulu noma izindlela ezithile zokwelashwa.

Ezimeni ezingavamile kakhulu, izingxobo ezinkulu zingabangela izinkinga eziyingozi eziphila ngokucindezela izakhiwo zobuchopho eziqondisa imisebenzi ebalulekile. Kungakho odokotela belandela i-acoustic neuromas ngokucophelela futhi bancoma ukwelashwa uma kufanele.

I-acoustic neuroma ihlonishwa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlolwa kokuzwa ukuhlola ukuthi indlebe ngayinye isebenza kahle kangakanani. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungaveza iphethini yokulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuvamile nge-acoustic neuromas. Uzolalela imisindo ngama-headphones bese uphendula uma uyizwa.

I-MRI scan inikeza ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-imaging kusebenzisa ama-magnetic fields ukudala izithombe eziningiliziwe zobuchopho bakho nendlebe yakho yangaphakathi. I-scan ingabonisa ngisho nezigxobo ezincane futhi isize udokotela wakho ahlele indlela engcono yokwelashwa.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-ode izilingo zobulinganiso uma uhlangabezana nokukhuluphuka noma ukuqina. Lezi zilingo zisiza ekuqondeni ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lobulinganiso lusebenza kahle kangakanani futhi lungase luqondise izinqumo zokwelashwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bathola i-acoustic neuromas ngengozi uma benza i-MRI scans ngezizathu ezingezona lezo. Lokhu kutholakala okungalindelekile kuya kakhulu njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-imaging buthuthuka.

Ukuphathwa kwe-acoustic neuroma kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi usayizi wesigxobo, izimpawu zakho, nempilo yakho yonke. Izigxobo ezincane ezingabangeli izinkinga ezinkulu zingase zidinga ukulandelelwa njalo nge-MRI scans njalo ngenyanga engu-6 kuya kwengu-12.

Ukususwa ngokusebenza kuvame ukunconywa ezigxobeni ezinkulu noma ezibangela izimpawu ezinkulu. Ukuhlinzwa kugqamele ekususeni isigxobo sonke ngenkathi kulondolozwa ukusebenza kokuzwa nezinzwa zobuso okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile kuvame ukuthatha amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni.

I-Stereotactic radiosurgery inikeza enye indlela engathinti ukusebenza kwe-traditional surgery. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imisebe yemisebe egxile ngokuqondile ukuvimbela isigxobo ekukhuleni. Ivamise ukukhethwa ezigxobeni ezincane kuya ezinkulu kubantu abadala noma labo abangabantu abafanelekile bokuhlinzwa.

I-hearing aids ingasiza ekulawuleni ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa lapho isigxobo sincane noma ngemuva kokwelashwa. Abanye abantu bazuza e-hearing aids ekhethekile ehambisa umsindo endlebeni ethintekayo kuya endlebeni enhle.

Indlela yokulawula izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi se-acoustic neuroma?

Uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zobulinganiso, yenza ikhaya lakho libe liphephile ngokususa izinto ezingase zikubangele ukuwela bese ufaka ama-grab bars ezihlanzweni. Ukukhanya okuhle kukusiza ukuhamba ngokuphepha, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.

Ngezinkinga zokuzwa, zimiseleni ukuze ukwazi ukubona ubuso babantu uma bekhuluma. Lokhu kukusiza ukusebenzisa izibonakaliso zobuso ukuqonda ingxoxo kangcono. Cela abantu bakhulume ngokucacile kunokuba ngokukhulu.

I-Tinnitus ingase ibe yinkinga ebusuku. Umsindo wangemuva ovela ku-fan, i-white noise machine, noma umculo oluthambile ungasiza ekufihleni ukubhonga nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokulala.

Hlala usebenza nge-exercises ezithambile njengokuhamba noma ukubhukuda ukuze ugcine ibhalansi yakho nempilo yonke. Gwema imisebenzi ekufaka engozini yokuwela kuze kube yilapho ibhalansi yakho iphucuka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho nokuthi wazibona nini okokuqala. Faka imininingwane mayelana nezinguquko zokuzwa kwakho, izinkinga zobulinganiso, nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka. Lolu lwazi lusisiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda isimo sakho kangcono.

Letha uhlu lwawo wonke ama-medication owathathayo, kufaka phakathi ama-drugs angaphezu kokuthengwa ngaphandle kwedokotela nama-supplements. Amanye ama-medication angathinta ukukuzwa noma ibhalansi, ngakho udokotela wakho udinga lesi sithombe esiphelele.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani e-aphoyintimenti yakho. Bangakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngesikhathi soxoxa ngezinketho zokwelashwa.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuthi yini okulindelekile. Unganqikazi ukubuza nganoma yini ongayiqondi.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-acoustic neuroma?

I-Acoustic neuromas iyizigxobo ezingesiye umdlavuza ezikhula kancane futhi ngokuvamile zingaphathwa ngempumelelo ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele. Nakuba zingabangela izimpawu ezikhathazayo njengokulahlekelwa kokuzwa nezinkinga zobulinganiso, azinawo ubungozi ekuphileni ezimweni eziningi.

Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa okufanele kungasiza ekuvikeleni ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila. Abantu abaningi abane-acoustic neuromas baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile, esebenzayo ngokuphathwa okufanele nokusekelwa.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-acoustic neuroma akusho ukuthi usesengozini ngokushesha. Lezi zigxobo zikhula kancane, zikunika wena neqembu lakho lezokwelapha isikhathi sokuthatha izinqumo ezihlakaniphile mayelana nendlela engcono yokwelashwa yesimo sakho esithile.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-acoustic neuroma

Ingabe i-acoustic neuromas ingaba umdlavuza?

Cha, i-acoustic neuromas iyizigxobo ezimbi ezingabi umdlavuza. Azisakazeki kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho njengoba umdlavuza enza. Nakuba zingabangela izimpawu ezinkulu uma zikhula kakhulu, zihlala zingesiye umdlavuza kulo lonke ukuthuthukiswa kwazo.

Ngizolahlekelwa yikuphi ukukuzwa ngokuphelele nge-acoustic neuroma?

Akuyona into eqinisekile. Abantu abaningi bagcina bekunokuzwa okuthile, ikakhulukazi uma isigxobo sitholakala futhi siphathwa ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, izinga elithile lokulahlekelwa kokuzwa endlebeni ethintekayo liyinto evamile. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza ekuvikeleni ukukuzwa okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

I-acoustic neuromas ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani?

Izinengi ze-acoustic neuromas zikhula kancane kakhulu, ngokuvamile i-1-2 millimeters ngonyaka. Ezinye zingase zingakhula nhlobo iminyaka eminingi, kanti ezinye zingase zikhule ngokushesha kancane. Lokhu kukhula kancane kungakho odokotela ngokuvamile bengabuka izingxobo ezincane kunokuba baziphathe ngokushesha.

Ingabe i-acoustic neuroma ingabuya ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Ukubuyela kuyinto engavamile kodwa kungenzeka. Ngemva kokususwa ngokuphelele ngokusebenza, amathuba okubuya kwesigxobo aphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-5%. Ngokwelashwa ngemisebe, isigxobo sivame ukuyeka ukukhula ngokuphelele, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi singase siqale ukukhula futhi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.

Ingabe i-acoustic neuroma iyefa?

Izinengi ze-acoustic neuromas azifumaniwe futhi zenzeka ngokungahleliwe. Noma kunjalo, abantu abane-neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), isimo se-genetic esingavamile, banethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokuthuthukisa lezi zigxobo. Uma unomlando womndeni we-NF2, cabanga ngokwelulekwa kwe-genetic ukuqonda ingozi yakho.