Created at:1/16/2025
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I-C. difficile uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elingabangela ukutheleleka okukhulu emathunjini akho, kusukela ekuthweni okulula kuya ekukhubekiseni okubulalayo. Lokhu kutheleleka kuvame ukuqala lapho ibhaktheriya enempilo emathunjini akho iphazamisekile, ngokuvamile ngemva kokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic.
Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, ukuqonda lesi simo kungakusiza ukuthi ubone izimpawu ngokushesha bese ufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele. Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele, futhi kunezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwesikhathi esizayo.
I-Clostridioides difficile, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-C. diff noma i-C. difficile, iyibhaktheriya ekhona ngokwemvelo ngamanani amancane emathunjini abantu abaningi ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga. Inkinga iqala lapho okuthile kuphazamisa ukulingana kwebhaktheriya enhle emathunjini akho, kuvumela i-C. difficile ukuba izale ngokushesha futhi ikhiqize ubuthi.
Lobu buthi bullima izingubo zekoloni yakho, okuholela ekukhubekiseni nasezimpawu ezibonakalayo zokutheleleka kwe-C. diff. Ibhaktheriya yakha ama-spores angaphila ezintweni izinyanga, okwenza kube lula ukutheleleka ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo nasemakhaya.
Ukutheleleka kwe-C. difficile kuye kwanda kakhulu eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule. Manje kubonisa enye yezifo ezivame kakhulu ezihlotshaniswa nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okuthinta amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu minyaka yonke e-United States kuphela.
Izimpawu ze-C. difficile zingasuka ekuhluphekeni okulula kwesisu kuya ezinhlungwini ezinkulu, eziyingozi. Ukutheleleka kuvame ukuqala ngokushintsha ekuphumuleni kwesisu futhi kungathuthuka uma kungelashwa.
Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo:
Ezimweni ezinkulu, ungase ubone izimpawu ezengeziwe zexwayiso. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu, ukuqina okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-102°F (38.9°C), ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, nokulahlekelwa amanzi okukhulu ngenxa yokuthwala okuvamile.
Abanye abantu bathuthukisa lokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "ukukhuluphala" noma "ukukhuluphala" kwe-C. difficile colitis. Lolu hlobo olukhulu lungabangela i-toxic megacolon, lapho ikholoni yakho ikhula ngokungaqondakali, noma ukugqwala kwamathumbu, okudinga ukuhlinzwa okuphaphandakazayo.
Ukutheleleka kwe-C. difficile kwenzeka lapho ukulingana okujwayelekile kwebhaktheriya emathunjini akho kuphazamiseka, kudala indawo lapho i-C. diff ingakhula khona. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuvame kakhulu ngemva kokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic, kepha ezinye izinto eziningi zingabangela ukutheleleka.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:
Ama-antibiotic yi-risk factor ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba abulala ibhaktheriya eyingozi neyinzuzo emathunjini akho. Uma ibhaktheriya yakho evikela inciphisiwe, ama-spores e-C. difficile angakhula futhi azale ngaphandle kokulawulwa.
Ibhaktheriya yasakazeka ngendlela ye-fecal-oral, okusho ukuthi ungatheleleka ngokuthinta izinto ezingcolile bese uthinta umlomo wakho noma ukudla ngaphandle kokugeza izandla kahle. Izindawo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo yizindawo ezivamile zokusakazeka ngoba ama-spores e-C. diff amelana nemikhiqizo eminingi yokuhlanza ejwayelekile.
Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa ukuthwala okuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic noma uchitha isikhathi esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukwelashwa kwangoko kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokusakaza ukutheleleka kwabanye.
Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokukhishwa okukhulu okungaphezulu kwezintathu ngosuku olulodwa olulodwa, kanye nokuqina kwesisu noma ukuqina. Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphucuka zodwa, njengoba ukutheleleka kwe-C. difficile kuvame ukuba sibi ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele.
Shaya ucingo ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okuphaphandakazayo uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezinkulu njengobuningi besisu obukhulu, ukuqina okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-102°F, izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi, noma igazi emathunjini akho. Lokhu kungabonisa ukutheleleka okukhulu okudinga ukusebenta kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ukuqonda izingozi zakho kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela futhi ubone ukuthi nini ungase ube sengozini yokutheleleka. Ezinye izinto zikhuphula amathuba akho kakhulu kunabanye, futhi abantu abaningi banezingozi eziningi.
Izingozi ezinkulu kakhulu zihlanganisa:
Abantu abadala abakhulu babhekene nezingozi eziphezulu ngoba izinhlelo zabo zokugcina zingase zingabi namandla futhi banamathuba amaningi okusebenzisa imithi eminingi. Ukuba ne-C. difficile ngaphambili kukhuphula kakhulu amathuba akho okuyithola futhi, ngezilinganiso zokubuyela ezingama-15-35%.
Abasebenzi bezempilo namalungu omndeni anakekela umuntu one-C. difficile nabo banezingozi eziphezulu ngenxa yokukhishwa okungenzeka. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaphilile abanezimiso zokugcina ezinamandla abavame ukuthola ukutheleleka ngisho noma bekhishwa.
Nakuba ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-C. difficile kuphela ngokwelashwa okufanele, abanye abantu bangathuthukisa izinkinga ezinkulu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okukhulu. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingaba khona kukusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi nini izimpawu ziya sibi futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.
Izinhlungu ezivamile zihlanganisa:
Izinhlungu ezinkulu kakhulu zingaba yingozi futhi zidinga ukwelashwa okuphaphandakazayo. I-toxic megacolon iyenzeka lapho ikholoni yakho ikhulu kakhulu futhi ikhula, okungenzeka kubeka engcupheni yokuphaqa. Ukugqwala kwamathumbu kudala imingcele odongeni lwekholoni, kuvumela ibhaktheriya ukuba iphume esiswini sakho.
I-fulminant colitis imelela uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu, ngokukhuluphala okubanzi kwekoloni okungabangela ukushaywa nokungasebenzi kwamalungu. I-sepsis ingathuthuka lapho ukutheleleka kusakazeka egazini lakho, okuthinta amalungu amaningi emzimbeni wakho.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokubona ngokushesha nokwelashwa okufanele, izinhlungu eziningi zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe ngempumelelo. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokunakekela eduze uma usengozini enkulu yesifo esibi.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-C. difficile kugxile ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwakho ebhaktheriyani nasekugcineni i-gut microbiome enempilo. Imikhuba yokuhlanzeka elula nokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngokucophelela kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ezisebenzayo zihlanganisa:
Ama-hand sanitizers wodwa awasebenzi ngokumelene nama-spores e-C. difficile, ngakho-ke insipho namanzi kusala yilona luviki oluhle kakhulu. Uma usesibhedlela noma ekhaya lokunakekelwa kwabadala, ungangabazi ukukhumbuza abasebenzi bezempilo ukuthi bahlanze izandla zabo ngaphambi kokunakekela.
Ukusebenzisa ama-probiotics ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kungasiza ekugcineni ibhaktheriya enempilo yomathumbu, yize ubufakazi busathuthuka. Xoxani ngale ndlela nodokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma uke waba nokutheleleka kwe-C. difficile ngaphambili.
Ukuhlola i-C. difficile kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukuhlola isampula yomtholampilo ngenxa yokuba khona kobuthi noma ibhaktheriya. Udokotela wakho cishe uzocela i-C. diff uma unezimpawu ezibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kwamuva noma ukukhishwa kwezempilo.
Izivivinyo ezivamile zokuxilonga zihlanganisa ama-toxin enzyme immunoassays ahlola ubuthi be-C. difficile emathunjini akho, nezivivinyo ze-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ezibona izinto eziphilayo zebhaktheriya. Izivivinyo ze-PCR zinamandla kakhulu futhi zingabona ukutheleleka ngokushesha kunokuhlola ubuthi.
Udokotela wakho angase futhi ayalele ezinye izivivinyo ukuze ahlole ubukhulu bokutheleleka kwakho. Lokhu kungaba izivivinyo zegazi ukuze ahlole izimpawu zokukhuluphala noma ukulahlekelwa amanzi, nezifundo zokuthola izithombe njenge-CT scans uma becabanga ngezinkinga njenge-toxic megacolon.
Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchane ngokushesha kubalulekile ngoba i-C. difficile idinga ukwelashwa okuqondile okuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zezifo zokuthwala. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzofuna futhi ukuphikisa ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zakho.
Ukuphathwa kwe-C. difficile kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, ngemithi emisha ebonakala isebenza kakhulu kunokukhetha okudala. Ukwelashwa okuqondile udokotela wakho akukhethayo kuncike ebukhulu bokutheleleka kwakho noma ngabe yikho okuqala noma ukubuyela.
Ukuphathwa okuqala kuvame ukuhlanganisa:
Ngokutheleleka okuphindaphindayo, udokotela wakho angase acele izikhathi ezinde noma ezinciphayo zokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic, noma izindlela ezintsha njengokudlulisa kwe-fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). I-FMT ihlanganisa ukudlulisa ibhaktheriya enempilo evela kumnikelo ukuze ubuyisele ukulingana kwemvelo kwamathumbu akho.
Uma uthuthukisa izinkinga ezinkulu njenge-toxic megacolon noma ukugqwala kwamathumbu, ungase udinga ukuhlinzwa ukususa izingxenye ezonakele zekoloni yakho. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi basabela kahle ekwelashweni kwama-antibiotic ngaphandle kokudinga ukusebenta okuhlinzayo.
Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizogxila ekunakekelweni okusekayo, kuhlanganise nokubuyiselwa kwamanzi ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi nokubuka izinhlungu. Bavame ukuyeka noma yimaphi ama-antibiotic angadingeki angase abekezelela ekuthelelekeni.
Ukuphatha i-C. difficile ekhaya kudinga ukunakekelwa okucophelelayo ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi, ukugcina ukudla, nokuvimbela ukusakazeka kokutheleleka kulabo abangamalungu omndeni. Ukwelashwa okuningi kwenzeka ekhaya ngaphandle uma uthuthukisa izinkinga ezinkulu.
Gxilisa ekuhlaleni unamanzi ngokunisela amanzi acacile afana namanzi, ama-broths, nezinongo zomzimba. Gwema imikhiqizo yobisi nokudla okunokhuni ekuqaleni, njengoba lokhu kungenza kube sibi ukuthwala nokuqina kwesisu.
Thatha ama-antibiotic akho alwe ngendlela efanele, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa kangcono ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhosi. Ukungaphuthi izilinganiso noma ukuyeka ngokushesha kungabangela ukwehluleka kokwelashwa futhi kukhuphule ingozi yokutheleleka okuphindaphindayo.
Yenza izinyathelo zokuhlanzeka eziqinile ukuze uvikele ikhaya lakho. Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi, hlala uhlanze izinto zasekhaya ngemikhiqizo esekelwe e-bleach, futhi gwema ukulungiselela ukudla kwabanye ngesikhathi unezimpawu.
Ukuphumula kubalulekile ekuphileni, ngakho ungaphuthumi ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile. Umzimba wakho udinga amandla okulwa nokutheleleka nokululama ukukhuluphala emathunjini akho.
Ukulungiselela ukuvakasha kwakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokuphathwa okufanele. Buthana ulwazi mayelana nezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha kwamuva, nemithi yakho yangamanje ngaphambi kokuya kwakho.
Bhala phansi ukuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala nini, ukuthi uthwala kangaki, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ozibonile. Qaphela noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kwamuva, ukuhlala esibhedlela, noma ukukhishwa kwezindawo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule.
Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, izithasiselo, namavithamini obusebenzisa. Faka imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle komthetho nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha kwamuva ekwelashweni kwakho.
Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuthi yini okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokuphulukana. Buza mayelana nokuvimbela ukubuyela futhi nini ungabuyela emisebenzini evamile ngokuphepha.
Uma kungenzeka, letha isampula yomtholampilo uma ihhovisi lika-dokotela lakho lingayisebenzisa, noma ulungele ukuyinikeza ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho. Lokhu kungasheshisa inqubo yokuxilonga futhi kukusize uthole ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
I-C. difficile iyisifo esibuhlungu kodwa esiphatheka esibangelwa ibhaktheriya esithinta ikakhulu abantu ababhaktheriya yabo yomathumbu iye yaphazamiseka ngama-antibiotic noma ezinye izinto. Nakuba ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic okufanele.
Ukubona nokuphathwa kwangoko kubalulekile ngemiphumela emihle kakhulu. Uma uthuthukisa ukuthwala okuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic noma uchitha isikhathi ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho.
Ukuvimbela kusala yilona cebo lakho elihle kakhulu, ligxile ekuhlanzeni izandla kahle, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngokucophelela, nokugcina impilo enhle jikele.
Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-C. difficile akubonisi ukuhlanzeka okubi komuntu siqu noma noma yiliphi iphutha lakho. Kuyisifo esivamile esihlotshaniswa nokunakekelwa kwezempilo esingathinta noma ubani ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.
Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa kangcono phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-2-3 zokuqala kokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic okufanele, ngezimpawu ezivame ukuphela ngokuphelele phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bangase babe nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla iziviki ezimbalwa njengoba ibhaktheriya yabo yomathumbu ibuyela esimweni sayo.
Yebo, i-C. difficile ingabuya kuma-15-35% abantu, ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-2-8 ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Ukubuyela kwenzeka ngoba ama-spores angaphila emathunjini akho futhi aphinde asebenze lapho izimo zilungile. Udokotela wakho angase acele ama-antibiotic ahlukile noma ukwelashwa okusha njenge-fecal microbiota transplantation ngokutheleleka okuphindaphindayo.
I-C. difficile ingasakazeka kulabo abangamalungu omndeni ngokuthinta izinto ezingcolile, kodwa abantu abaphilile abane-gut bacteria evamile abavame ukuthola ukutheleleka. Yenza ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwezandla, hlala uhlanze izindawo zasekhaya ngemikhiqizo esekelwe e-bleach, futhi gwema ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu. Amalungu omndeni ngokuvamile awadingi ukuhlolwa ngaphandle uma ethuthukisa izimpawu.
Ezinye izifundo ziqondisa ukuthi ama-probiotics athile angasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwe-C. difficile, ikakhulukazi uma ethathiwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic. Noma kunjalo, ubufakazi busathuthuka, futhi akuwona wonke ama-probiotics afanayo. Xoxani ngokusetshenziswa kwama-probiotics nodokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini enkulu yokutheleleka kwe-C. difficile.
Ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okusebenzayo, gwema imikhiqizo yobisi, ukudla okunokhuni, ukudla okunoshushu, nanoma yini evame ukuhlupha isisu sakho. Gxilisa ekudleni okulula, okulula ukukugaya njengezinqama, urayisi, i-applesauce, ne-toast (ukudla kwe-BRAT). Hlala unamanzi ngamanzi acacile futhi kancane kancane ubuyisele ukudla okujwayelekile njengoba izimpawu zakho ziphucuka.