Uyini i-Chordoma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Chordoma uhlobo oluyimfihlo lomdlavuza wamathambo oluvela ezintweni eziye zasala kusukela lapho ubusengumbungu. Lezi zinhlayiya zikhula kancane eduze komgogodla wakho noma phansi kwekhanda lakho, lapho umgogodla wakho wawubunjwa khona ekuqaleni kokukhula.

Nakuba i-chordomas ingavamile, ithinta kuphela cishe umuntu omunye kwabangu-1 million unyaka ngamunye, ukuqonda le meko kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu bese ufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele. Lezi zinhlayiya zivame ukukhula kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni eminingi, okusho ukuthi ukutholakala kwangaphambili nokwelashwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni.

Uyini i-chordoma?

I-Chordoma ivela ezinsalelweni ze-notochord, ubukhulu obuthambile obunjengenduku obusiza ekwakheni umgogodla wakho ngesikhathi sokuqala kokukhula. Ngokuvamile, le ndawo iyanyamalala njengoba umgogodla wakho ukhula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi amaqembu amancane alezi zicubu ahlala.

Lezi zicubu ezisele zingakwazi ekugcineni ukukhula zibe yizinhlayiya, ngokuvamile zibonakala ezindaweni ezimbili eziyinhloko. Cishe ingxenye ye-chordomas ivela phansi kwekhanda lakho, kanti enye ingxenye ikhula emgogodleni wakho ophansi, ikakhulukazi eduze kwendawo yomsila wakho.

Lezi zinhlayiya zikhula kancane kakhulu, zithatha iminyaka eminingi ukukhula zibe khulu ngokwanele ukubangela izimpawu. Le ndlela yokukhula kancane isho ukuthi i-chordomas ingafinyelela usayizi omkhulu ngaphambi kokuthi uqaphele noma yiziphi izinkinga, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi “izinhlayiya eziqaphelekiyo.”

Ziyini izimpawu ze-chordoma?

Izimpawu ze-Chordoma ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi inhlayiya ikuphi nokuthi ikhulu kangakanani. Njengoba lezi zinhlayiya zikhula kancane, izimpawu ngokuvamile zivela kancane futhi zingase zibe buthakathaka ekuqaleni.

Uma i-chordomas ivela phansi kwekhanda lakho, ungase uhlangane nalokhu:

• Ubuhlungu obungapheli obuhlala bukhona obungaphenduli kahle ekuphulukiseni okuvamile kobuhlungu
• Ukubona okubili noma ukushintsha kokubona
• Izinkinga zokuzwa noma ukukhala ezindlebeni zakho
• Ubunzima bokuginya noma ukukhuluma
• Ukuqina noma ukuthamba ebusweni bakho
• Ukuqina kwempumulo okungaphuli
• Ukopha kwempumulo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile

Nge-chordomas emgogodleni wakho, ikakhulukazi emuva ophansi noma endaweni yomsila, izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu obungapheli emuva ophansi noma endaweni yomsila
• Ubuhlungu obukhula uma uhleli noma ulele phansi
• Izinkinga zokulawula izisu noma isithole
• Ukuqina noma ubuthakathaka ezinyaweni zakho
• Ubukhulu obuqaphelekayo noma inqwaba ongayizwa
• Ubunzima bokuhamba noma ukushintsha endleleni yakho yokuhamba

Ezimeni ezingavamile, i-chordomas ingase ivela engxenyeni ephakathi yomgogodla wakho, ibangela ubuhlungu emuva, ubuthakathaka bezingalo, noma izinkinga zokuxhumanisa. Lezi zindawo azivamile kodwa zingabangela izimpawu ezinkulu njengoba inhlayiya ikhula.

Yini ebangela i-chordoma?

I-Chordoma ivela lapho izicubu ezisele kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhula ziqala ukukhula ngokungavamile. Ezingxenyeni zakho zokuqala zokukhula, isakhiwo esibizwa nge-notochord sisiza ekwakheni umgogodla wakho bese siyaphela.

Ngezinye izikhathi, amaqembu amancane alezi zicubu zoqobo ahlala emzimbeni wakho ngemva kokuzalwa. Kubantu abaningi, lezi zicubu ezisele azibangeli lutho futhi zihlala zithulile impilo yonke. Noma kunjalo, ezimeni ezingavamile, lezi zicubu zingase ziqale ukwahlukanisa nokukhula zibe yizinhlayiya, nakuba singaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi yini ebangela le nqubo.

I-Chordomas eningi ivela ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile noma isiqalisi. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, i-chordomas ngokuvamile ayixhunyaniswanga nezinto zokuphila njengokubhema, ukudla, noma ukukhishwa komkhathi. Zingaqali futhi ngezifo noma ukulimala.

Ezimeni ezingavamile kakhulu, i-chordomas ingase idlule emindenini ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinto zakwa-genetic, kodwa lokhu kuchaza okungenani u-5% wazo zonke izimo. Iningi labantu abane-chordoma alinawo umlando womndeni wale meko.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-chordoma?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-chordomas zibe yizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko kuye ngokuthi zibonakala kanjani ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezici ezincane ezihlukile nezimo, nakuba zonke i-chordomas zibhekwa njengomdlavuza omfihlo.

I-Chordoma evamile yilona hlobo oluvamile, likwenza cishe u-85% wazo zonke i-chordomas. Lezi zinhlayiya zikhula kancane futhi zinebukho obubonakalayo ngezicubu ezibonakala njengezibhebhe zesepha ngaphansi komkhiqizo.

I-Chondroid chordoma ichaza cishe u-10% yezimo futhi iqukethe izicubu ze-chordoma nezicubu ezifana ne-cartilage. Lolu hlobo luvamile ukuba khona phansi kwekhanda futhi lungase lube nombono omuhle kunokuvamile kwe-chordoma.

I-Dedifferentiated chordoma yilona hlobo oluyimfihlo kakhulu futhi olukhulu, limele cishe u-5% wazo zonke i-chordomas. Lezi zinhlayiya zikhula ngokushesha kunamanye amaqembu futhi zivame ukusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, okwenza kube nzima ukuzilwa nazo.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-chordoma?

Kufanele ubheke udokotela wakho uma uhlangane nezimpawu ezihlala zikhona ezingaphuli ngezindlela zokwelapha ezivamile noma ukuphumula. Njengoba izimpawu ze-chordoma zingase zibe buthakathaka futhi zikhule kancane, kubalulekile ukungaziphikisi izinkinga eziqhubekayo.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma unezinhlungu ezahlukile kunokuvamile kwakho, ikakhulukazi uma zihambisana nokushintsha kokubona, izinkinga zokuzwa, noma ukuqina ebusweni. Lezi zici zezimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.

Ngezimpawu ezihlobene nomgogodla, bheka udokotela wakho uma unebuhlungu obungapheli emuva noma endaweni yomsila obungaphuli ngokuphumula, ikakhulukazi uma buhambisana nezinkinga zesisu noma isithole, ubuthakathaka bezinyawo, noma ukuqina. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ukucindezela emithanjeni ebalulekile.

Ungalindi uma uqaphela noma yikuphi ukushintsha okungazelelwe ezimpawu zakho noma uma ziya kubi ngokushesha. Nakuba i-chordomas ngokuvamile ikhula kancane, noma iyiphi inhlayiya ingase ibangela ukushintsha okusheshayo okudingayo ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikubeke engozini ye-chordoma?

Ubudala yilona banga elikhulu kakhulu lokuthola i-chordoma, ngezimo eziningi ezivele kubantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-70. Noma kunjalo, lezi zinhlayiya zingase zikhule kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kufaka phakathi izingane nabantu abasebasha, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Amadoda avame kakhulu ukuthola i-chordoma kunabesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlayiya ezivele emgogodleni. Nge-chordomas ezikhona ekhanda, ingozi ihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane.

Ukuba nesimo esingavamile se-genetic esibizwa nge-tuberous sclerosis complex kukhuphula kancane ingozi yakho yokuthola i-chordoma. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuchaza kuphela ingxenye encane kakhulu yezimo, futhi abantu abaningi abane-tuberous sclerosis abazitholi i-chordoma.

Ezimeni ezingavamile kakhulu, i-chordoma ingase idlule emindenini ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinto zakwa-genetic ezidluliselwe. Uma unelungu lomndeni oluseduze eline-chordoma, ingozi yakho ingase ikhuphuke kancane, kodwa lokhu kusengavamile kakhulu futhi i-chordomas eningi ivela kubantu abangenayo umlando womndeni.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona ze-chordoma?

Izinhlanganisela ze-Chordoma ngokuyinhloko zivela endaweni nenani lenhlayiya kunokuthambekela kwayo ukusabalala emzimbeni wakho. Njengoba lezi zinhlayiya zikhula ezindaweni ezibalulekile eduze nobuchopho bakho nomgogodla wakho, zingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu njengoba zikhula.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile zingafaka:

• Ukonakala okungapheli kwamithambo ebangela ubuthakathaka, ukuqina, noma ukuqina
• Ukusebenza okungalungile kwesisu noma isithole uma inhlayiya ithinta imithambo yomgogodla
• Ukwehluleka kokubona noma ukuzwa ngezinhlayiya ezikhona ekhanda
• Ubunzima bokuginya noma ukukhuluma
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli obuzima ukubhekana nabo
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza noma ubunzima bokuhamba

Ezimeni ezingavamile, i-chordoma ingasabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, ikakhulukazi emaphaphwini, e-liver, noma kwamanye amathambo. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe ku-30% yezimo, ngokuvamile eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuxilongwa kokuqala. Uma i-chordoma isabalala, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuyilapha.

Izinhlanganisela zokwelapha zingase zenzeke futhi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kulezi zindawo ezinzima. Lezi zingase zibe ukutheleleka, ukopha kwe-cerebrospinal fluid, noma ukonakala okwengeziwe kwamithambo. Noma kunjalo, izindlela zokuhlinzwa zanamuhla zinciphisa kakhulu lezi zingozi.

I-Chordoma ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukutholwa kwe-chordoma ngokuvamile kuqala ngodokotela wakho othatha umlando ophelele wezimpawu zakho bese enza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Njengoba izimpawu ze-chordoma zingase zifane nezinye izimo, udokotela wakho cishe uzokukhipha izivivinyo zokuthola izithombe ukuze abone kangcono le ndawo.

I-MRI scans yiyona ivivinyo eliwusizo kakhulu lokufuna izithombe ze-chordoma ngoba linikeza izithombe eziningi zezicubu ezithambile futhi lingabonisa indawo eqondile nenani lenhlayiya. I-CT scans ingase isetshenziswe futhi ukubona ukuthi inhlayiya ithonya kanjani izakhiwo zamathambo aseduze.

Indlela kuphela yokuxilonga i-chordoma ngokuqinisekile ngokusebenzisa i-biopsy, lapho isampula encane yenhlayiya isuswa bese ihlolwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Le nqubo idinga ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela njengoba i-chordomas ivela ezindaweni ezinzima eduze kwezakhiwo ezibalulekile.

Udokotela wakho angase akhiphe nezinye izivivinyo njenge-PET scans ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi inhlayiya ayisabalalanga kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Izivivinyo zegazi ngokuvamile azilusizo ekutholeni i-chordoma njengoba lezi zinhlayiya ngokuvamile zingakhiqizi amamaki atholakalayo egazini lakho.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha i-chordoma?

Ukuhlinzwa yilona lwela elikhulu lokwelapha i-chordoma futhi linikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokulawula isikhathi eside. Umgomo ukususa inhlayiya eningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi ulondoloza izakhiwo ezibalulekile eziseduze njengamithambo nemithambo yegazi.

Ukususwa okuqedele kokuhlinzwa kungase kube nzima ngoba i-chordomas ngokuvamile ikhula eduze kwezakhiwo ezibalulekile. Iqembu lakho lokuhlinzwa lizoquka ochwepheshe abanawo umuzwa wokusebenza kulezi zindawo ezinzima, njengoo-neurosurgeons kanye noo-orthopedic oncologists.

I-Radiation therapy ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukwelapha noma yiziphi izicubu ezisele zenhlayiya ezingasusiwa ngokuphepha. Izindlela ezithuthukile njenge-proton beam therapy noma i-stereotactic radiosurgery zingase zinikeze amazinga aphezulu e-radiation ngokuqondile enhlayiyeni ngenkathi zinciphisa ukonakala kwezicubu ezempilo ezizungezile.

I-Chemotherapy ngokuvamile ayisebenzi kakhulu nge-chordomas eningi, kodwa izindlela ezintsha eziqondiswe ngqo zibonisa ithemba. Amanye amaphilisi avimba izibonakaliso ezithile zokukhula ezicubwini zomdlavuza afundwa futhi angase acebiswe ezimweni ezithile.

Ngezinhlayiya ezingasusiwa ngokuhlinzwa, i-radiation therapy kuphela ingase isetshenziswe ukuthambisa ukukhula nokulawula izimpawu. Iqembu lakho lokwelapha lizohlangana nawe ukuze likwakhe indlela engcono kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho.

Indlela yokuphatha i-chordoma ekhaya?

Ukuphatha i-chordoma ekhaya kugxile ekugcineni ikhwalithi yempilo yakho nasekusekeleni impilo yakho yonke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu ngokuvamile kuyisigaba esibalulekile sokukhathalela ekhaya, futhi udokotela wakho angakukhipha amaphilisi afanele ukuze uhlale ukhululekile.

Ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho yomzimba kungasiza ekugcineni amandla akho nokusebenza. Ukuzivocavoca kwe-physical therapy, njengoba kunconywe yiqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, kungasiza ekuvimbeni ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokugcina umsebenzi ezindaweni ezithintekile.

Ukudla ukudla okuqondene, okunomsoco kusekela ikhono lomzimba wakho lokuphulukisa nokubhekana nokwelashwa. Gxila ekutholeni amaprotheni, amavithamini, namaminerali anele, futhi uhlale uthola amanzi anele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho.

Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka nokuphila kahle ngokomzwelo kubalulekile ngokulinganayo. Cabanga ukujoyina amaqembu wokusekela abantu abane-cancers ezingavamile, ukwenza izindlela zokupumula, noma ukusebenza nomxhumanisi oqonda izinselele zokuphila nesimo esingavamile.

Gcina ulandelela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma ezishintshayo futhi uxhumane njalo neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuba ne-journal yezimpawu zakho, amazinga obuhlungu, nokuthi uzizwa kanjani kungasiza odokotela bakho ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha njengoba kudingeka.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini, indlela eziye zashintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nokuthi yini ezizenza zibe ngcono noma zibe zimbi. Lolu lwazi lusisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde kangcono isimo sakho.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izidakamizwa ozithathayo, kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezirehishwe, izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kokuthengiswa, kanye nezinsiza. Buye uqoqe noma yimaphi amarekhodi ezempilo adlule, imiphumela yezivivinyo, noma izifundo zokuthola izithombe ezihlobene nezimpawu zakho.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Imibuzo ebalulekile ingase ifake ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ozidingayo, yiziphi izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, nokuthi yini okulindelekile ukuba yenzeke phambili. Unganqikazi ukucela incazelo uma kukhona okungacaci.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni omethembayo noma umngani e-appointment yakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi esingase sibe yisikhathi esicindezelayo.

Yini eyinhloko nge-chordoma?

I-Chordoma yisimo esingavamile kodwa esinzima esidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwamaqembu ezempilo anekhono. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, ukuthuthuka kwezindlela zokuhlinzwa kanye ne-radiation therapy kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yabantu abaningi.

Ukutholakala kwangaphambili nokwelashwa kubalulekile ngemiphumela engcono kakhulu. Uma uhlangane nezimpawu ezihlala zikhona, ikakhulukazi lezo ezithinta ikhanda, intamo, noma umgogodla, unganqikazi ukufuna ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-chordoma akusho ukuthi uwedwa. Xhumana nabaphakeli bezempilo abakhethekile e-cancers ezingavamile, futhi cabanga ukufinyelela emaqenjini wokusekela lapho ungabelana khona okuhlangenwe nakho nabanye ababhekene nezinselele ezifanayo.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa, abantu abaningi abane-chordoma bangagcina ikhwalithi yempilo enhle. Hlala unolwazi ngesimo sakho, ukhusele wena, futhi usebenze eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ukuze wakhe uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu lesimo sakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-chordoma

Q1: Ingabe i-chordoma iyadluliselwa?

I-Chordomas eningi ivela ngokungahleliwe futhi ayidluliselwa. Okungenani u-5% wezimo kudlula emindenini ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinto zakwa-genetic. Uma unemlando womndeni we-chordoma, ungase ube nengozi encane, kodwa lokhu kusengavamile kakhulu futhi i-chordomas eningi ivela kubantu abangenayo umlando womndeni wale meko.

Q2: I-Chordoma ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani?

I-Chordomas ngokuvamile ikhula kancane kakhulu ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni eminingi. Le ndlela yokukhula kancane isho ukuthi izimpawu ngokuvamile zivela kancane futhi zingase zibe buthakathaka ekuqaleni. Noma kunjalo, uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-chordoma lungase lukhule ngokushesha kunamanye amaqembu futhi liziphathe ngokunamandla.

Q3: Ingabe i-chordoma ingaphulile?

Ukuphulukiswa okuqedele kungenzeka uma yonke inhlayiya ingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa, kodwa lokhu kungase kube nzima ngenxa yendawo ye-chordoma eduze kwezakhiwo ezibalulekile. Abantu abaningi bathola ukulawula isikhathi eside sesifo sabo ngokuhlanganiswa kokuhlinzwa kanye ne-radiation therapy, ngisho noma ezinye izicubu zenhlayiya zihlala.

Q4: Ingabe i-chordoma isabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba?

I-Chordoma ingasabalala kwezinye izitho, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kancane kunamanye ama-cancers amaningi. Cishe u-30% we-chordomas ekugcineni isabalala, ikakhulukazi emaphaphwini, e-liver, noma kwamanye amathambo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuxilongwa kokuqala.

Q5: Iyini ithemba lokuphila nge-chordoma?

Ithemba lokuphila liyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezinto ezinjengendawo yenhlayiya, usayizi, uhlobo, nokuthi ingaphathwa kangakanani ngokuphelele. Abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka noma ngisho nemashumi eminyaka ngemva kokuxilongwa, ikakhulukazi uma inhlayiya itholakala ngokushesha futhi iwelashwe ngamandla. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha lingakunikeza ulwazi oluqondile olusekelwe esimweni sakho.