Uyini iCoronavirus? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Coronavirus ibhekisela emndenini omkhulu wezifo ze-virus ezingabangela ukugula okuqala kusukela efrijini evamile kuya ezifweni ezinzima zokuphefumula. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwe leli gama kakhulu ngokuqondene ne-COVID-19, kodwa ama-coronavirus ayesekhona amashumi eminyaka, ethinta abantu nezilwane.

Lezi zifo ze-virus zithola igama lazo ngokubonakala kwazo okufana nesigqoko ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Ama-spikes amaphethelweni azo awasiza ukubopha nokungenela amaseli abantu, okuyindlela ababangela ngayo ukutheleleka.

Uyini iCoronavirus?

Ama-coronavirus yiqembu le-virus ezihlobene ze-RNA eziqala ukusebenza ngesistimu yakho yokuphefumula. Abantu abaningi bazobhekana nohlobo olulodwa lwe-coronavirus phakathi nokuphila kwabo, ngokuvamile behlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nefrijini evamile.

Kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko ze-coronavirus ezingatheleleka kubantu. Ezine zalezi ngokuvamile zibangela izimpawu ezilula ezifana nefrijini, kuyilapho ezinye ezintathu zingabangela ukugula okunzima. Izinhlobo ezinkulu ezidumile kakhulu zihlanganisa i-SARS-CoV (eyabangela i-SARS), i-MERS-CoV (eyabangela i-MERS), ne-SARS-CoV-2 (eyabangela i-COVID-19).

Lezi zifo ze-virus zisakazeka ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi okuphefumula lapho umuntu othelelekile ekhwehlela, ethi, noma ekhuluma. Zingaphila futhi emaphethelweni isikhathi esithile, nakuba lokhu kungeyona indlela evamile yokusabalala.

Ziyini Izimpawu zeCoronavirus?

Izimpawu ze-coronavirus zingase zihluke kakhulu kuye ngohlobo oluhlangana nalo nokuthi impilo yakho iyini. Abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezilula kuya ezimaphakathi ezifana nefrijini evamile noma isifo sikagciwane.

Nawa ama-zimpawu avamile ongahlangabezana nawo:

• Ukuqina noma ukuthandaza
• Ukhwehlela (ngokuvamile omomile)
• Ukuqina kokuphefumula noma ukubuthakathaka kokuphefumula
• Ukukhathala nobuhlungu bomzimba
• Intloko
• Ubuhlungu bohlangothi
• Ikhala noma iphunga elivaliwe
• Ukulahlekelwa ukunambitha noma iphunga (ikakhulukazi nge-COVID-19)
• Ukugula noma ukugabha
• I-diarrhea

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abagcotshwe ngokuphelele ngokumelene ne-COVID-19, bangase bahlangabezane nezimpawu ezilula kakhulu noma azikho nhlobo. Abanye bangase bathuthukise izimpawu ezinzima, ikakhulukazi uma benezimo zempilo ezingaphansi noma izistimu zokulwa nezifo ezibuthakathaka.

Ziyini Izinhlobo zeCoronavirus?

Kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko ze-coronavirus ezingatheleleka kubantu, nokuqonda umehluko kungasiza ekubekweni ukukhathazeka kwakho.

Izinhlobo ezine ezivamile ngokuvamile zibangela izimpawu ezilula:

• 229E (i-alpha coronavirus)
• NL63 (i-alpha coronavirus)
• OC43 (i-beta coronavirus)
• HKU1 (i-beta coronavirus)

Lezi ziyenza cishe i-10-30% yefrijini evamile kubantu abadala futhi ngokuvamile ziyaphela zodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya kwesonto.

Izinhlobo ezintathu ezinzima kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
• MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)
• SARS-CoV-2 (ibangela i-COVID-19)

Nakuba lezi zingabangela ukugula okunzima, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abathinta ngisho nalezi zinhlobo bazophulukiswa ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuphumula.

Yini ebangela iCoronavirus?

Ukutheleleka kwe-coronavirus kwenzeka lapho lezi zifo ze-virus zitholakala emzimbeni wakho bese ziqala ukwanda emaseleni akho. Izifo ze-virus zisabalala kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye ngezindlela eziningi.

Indlela eyinhloko ama-coronavirus asabalala ngayo ngamaconsi okuphefumula. Lapho umuntu othelelekile ekhwehlela, ethi, ekhuluma, noma ngisho ephumula ngamandla, ukhulula amaconsi amancane ane-virus emoyeni. Uma uphefumula la maconsi noma ewa emlonyeni wakho, ekhaleni lakho, noma emehlweni akho, ungatheleleka.

Ungatheleleka futhi nge-coronavirus ngokuthinta ama-surfaces ane-virus kuwo bese uthinta ubuso bakho. Noma kunjalo, ukusabalala kwalezi surfaces kuncane kakhulu kunokuphefumula amaconsi athelekile komunye umuntu.

Ukuhlangana eduze nabantu abathelelekile kubangela ingozi enkulu. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuba eduze komuntu ongu-6 feet isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15, nakuba ingozi eqondile ingase ihluke kuye ngezinto ezifana nokuphefumula, ukugqoka ama-mask, kanye nesimo sokugoma.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela NgeCoronavirus?

Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-coronavirus, kuhlanganise nezimangalo eziningi ze-COVID-19, kungaphathwa ekhaya ngokuphumula nokunakekelwa okusekela. Noma kunjalo, kunezimo ezithile lapho kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukubuthakathaka kokuphefumula noma ukuqina kokuphefumula
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli noma ukucindezela kwesifuba
• Ukuqina okuphezulu okungaphenduli emithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu ngokunqamuka kwentamo
• Ukudideka noma ukubuthakathaka kokulala
• Izindebe noma ubuso obuluhlaza
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi okunzima noma ukungakwazi ukugcina izinto ezinwetshiwe phansi

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ungeqenjini eliyingozi enkulu futhi uthuthukise izimpawu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65, labo abanezimo ezingapheli njengoshukela noma isifo senhliziyo, abesifazane abakhulelwe, noma noma ubani onesistimu yokulwa nezifo ebuthakathaka.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi izimpawu zakho zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ungangabazi ukubiza ihhovisi lodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza unqume indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile.

Ziyini Izingozi Zokulimala NgeCoronavirus?

Nakuba noma ubani angatheleleka nge-coronavirus, izinto ezithile zingandisa ingozi yakho yokutheleleka noma ukuthuthukisa izimpawu ezinzima. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingozi kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Izinto ezikhuphula ingozi yakho yokutheleleka zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlangana eduze nabantu abathelelekile
• Ukuphila noma ukusebenza ezindaweni ezikhukhumele
• Ukungagqoki ama-mask ezimweni ezingozi
• Ukuphefumula okubi ezindaweni ezivaliwe
• Ukungagomi (nge-COVID-19)
• Ukuthinta ama-surfaces angcolile bese uthinta ubuso bakho

Izinto ezikhuphula ingozi yakho yokugula okunzima zihlanganisa:

• Iminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu
• Isimo sokuphefumula esingapheli njengesi-asthma noma i-COPD
• Isifo senhliziyo noma ukucindezela kwegazi eliphakeme
• Ushukela
• Ukukhuluphala
• Isistimu yokulwa nezifo ebuthakathaka
• Isifo sengculazi noma isibindi esingapheli
• Ukukhulelwa

Ukuba nalezi zinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzogula kakhulu, kodwa kusho ukuthi kufanele uthathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe futhi uqaphele izimpawu zakho uma utheleleka.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingaba khona zeCoronavirus?

Nakuba abantu abaningi baphulukana nokutheleleka kwe-coronavirus ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo, abanye abantu bangase bathuthukise izinkinga. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinkinga ezinzima zingezona ezivamile, ikakhulukazi ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• I-Pneumonia (ukutheleleka kwamasu)
• Ukutheleleka kwe-bacteria okubili
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi ngenxa yokuqina nokungenisa izinto ezinwetshiwe okubi
• Ukukhathala okungapheli noma ukubuthakathaka
• Ukhwehlela ohlala njalo

Izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu, nakuba zingavamile, zingase zihlanganise:

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo noma ukuvuvukala
• Ama-blood clots
• Izinkinga zengculazi
• Izimpawu ze-neurological
• Izimpawu zesikhathi eside (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "i-long COVID")

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo nokuphathwa okufanele, izinkinga eziningi zingaphathwa kahle. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha lizokuqapha eduze uma ungengozi enkulu yezinkinga.

I-Coronavirus Ingavikeleka Kanjani?

Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi ezisebenza kahle zokuzivimbela wena nabanye ekuthelelekeni kwe-coronavirus. Lezi zindlela zokuvimbela zibonisiwe ukuthi zinciphisa ngokuphawulekayo amanani okusabalala.

Izindlela ezisebenza kakhulu zokuvimbela zihlanganisa:

• Ukugoma (ikakhulukazi nge-COVID-19)
• Ukugqoka ama-mask ezindaweni ezikhukhumele noma ezingozi ezivaliwe
• Ukugcina ibanga phakathi kwabanye uma kungenzeka
• Ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ngesepu namanzi
• Ukusebenzisa i-hand sanitizer uma isepu ayitholakali
• Ukugwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho ngezandla ezingageziwe
• Ukulala ekhaya uma uzizwa ungaphili kahle
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuphefumula okuhle ezindaweni ezivaliwe
• Ukugwema izindawo ezikhukhumele, ezingaphefumuli kahle
• Ukuhlanza nokubulala ama-germs emaphethelweni athintwa njalo

Lezi zinyathelo zisebenza kangcono uma zisetshenziswa ndawonye kunokuthembela endleleni eyodwa kuphela. Ngisho nezinyathelo ezilula njengokuhlanza izandla njalo zingenza umehluko omkhulu ekuqedeni ingozi yakho yokutheleleka.

I-Coronavirus Ihlonishwa Kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-coronavirus ngokuvamile kuhilela ukubona izimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezivivinyo zelebhu ezithile. Udokotela wakho uzokuqondisa ngale nqubo uma ecabanga ukuthi ungase ube nokutheleleka kwe-coronavirus.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile iqala ngodokotela wakho ebuza ngezimpawu zakho nokukhombisa kwakamuva. Bazofuna ukwazi ukuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala nini, zingakanani, nokuthi ngabe uhlangane yini nomuntu ogula.

Izivivinyo ezivamile zokuxilonga zihlanganisa:

• Izivivinyo ze-PCR (ezinembile kakhulu, imiphumela ezinsukwini eziyi-1-3)
• Izivivinyo ezisheshayo ze-antigen (imiphumela esheshayo, encane kancane)
• Ama-kit okuhlola ekhaya (alula kodwa angadinga ukuqinisekiswa)
• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuhlola ama-antibodies (ukubonisa ukutheleleka kwangaphambili)

Udokotela wakho angase a-ode i-X-rays yesifuba noma ezinye izithombe uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula. Kwezinye izimo, bangase bakuxilonge ngezimpawu zodwa, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlola kungatholakali kalula noma uma ukhombiswe icala eliaziwayo.

Iyini Ukwelapha kweCoronavirus?

Ukuphathwa kwe-coronavirus kugxila ekusizeni umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka ngenkathi uphatha izimpawu zakho ukuze uhlale ukhululekile. Abantu abaningi bangaphulukana ekhaya ngokunakekelwa okusekela nokuphumula.

Ngezimpawu ezilula kuya ezimaphakathi, ukwelapha ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuthola ukuphumula okuningi ukuze usize isimiso sakho sokulwa nezifo
• Ukugcina umzimba unamanzi ngamanzi, itiye lezimila, noma ama-broths
• Ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ukuqina njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen
• Ukusebenzisa ama-lozenges ohlangothi noma ukugcoba amanzi ashisayo ukwelapha ubuhlungu bohlangothi
• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier ukunciphisa ukhwehlela nokuvalela
• Ukuzihlukanisa ukuvimbela ukusabalalisa i-virus kwabanye

Ngezimo ezinzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidinga ukungena esibhedlela, odokotela bangase basebenzise:

• I-oxygen therapy ukusisiza ngokuphefumula
• Imithi ye-antiviral (njenge-Paxlovid ye-COVID-19)
• Ama-steroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala
• Ama-Monoclonal antibodies (ezimweni ezithile)
• Ukunakekelwa okusekela izinkinga

Udokotela wakho uzonquma indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho, impilo yakho yonke, kanye nezingozi zokugula okunzima.

Indlela Yokuthatha Ukwelapha Ekhaya NgeCoronavirus?

Ukuphatha izimpawu ze-coronavirus ekhaya kungakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile ngenkathi umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka. Okubalulekile ukugxila ekuphumuleni, ekuphumeni amanzi, nasekunciphiseni izimpawu ngenkathi uqapha noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuthi ungase udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Nawa amaqhinga okuzinakekela ekhaya:

Ukuphumula nokuphulukana: Nikeza umzimba wakho amandla adingekayo ukulwa nokutheleleka ngokuphumula okuningi nokugwema imisebenzi enzima. Lalela umzimba wakho bese uphumula uma uzizwa ukhathele, ngisho noma kungaphezu kokuvamile.

Gcina Umzimba Unamanzi: Phuza izinto ezinwetshiwe eziningi usuku lonke. Amanzi, itiye lezimila, ama-broths ashisayo, kanye neziphuzo ze-electrolyte konke kungasiza. Gwema utshwala ne-caffeine eningi, njengoba lokhu kungase kubeka ingozi yokuphelelwa amanzi.

Phatha Ukuqina Nobuhlungu: Imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi njenge-acetaminophen (Tylenol) noma i-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) ingasiza ekuqedeni ukuqina nasekuqedeni ubuhlungu bomzimba. Landela imiyalelo yephakheji futhi ungadluli amanani achazwe.

Qeda Izimpawu Zokuphefumula: Sebenzisa i-humidifier noma uphefumule ushaka oluvela eshawa elishisayo ukuze ukhulule ukuvalela. Ukugcoba amanzi ashisayo angasusa ubuhlungu bohlangothi, futhi uju lungasiza ekuqedeni ukhwehlela.

Zihlukanise Ukuvikela Abanye: Hlala kude namalungu omndeni nabangane bakho uma kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala lapho unokutheleleka kakhulu. Gqoka i-mask uma kufanele ube seduze kwabanye.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuya kwakho kudokotela kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuphumelelayo futhi ungakhohlwa ukukhuluma ngemininingwane ebalulekile ngezimpawu zakho noma ukukhathazeka kwakho.

Ngaphambi kokubonisana kwakho, buza le mininingwane:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwezipawu zakho zonke nokuthi zaqala nini
• Imithi oyithatha njengamanje, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi
• Ulwazi mayelana nokuhamba kwakamuva noma ukukhombisa abantu abagulayo
• Umbhalo wakho wokugomela, ikakhulukazi nge-COVID-19
• Noma yiziphi izimo zempilo ezingaphansi onazo
• Imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho

Phakathi kokubonisana, qinisani ngendlela ozizwa ngayo futhi unganciphisi izimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho udinga ulwazi olunembile ukuze anikeze ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu. Buza mayelana nokuthi ungabuya nini emsebenzini noma emisebenzini evamile, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uqonda noma yimiphi imiyalo yokwelapha.

Uma une-telehealth visit, linganisa ubuchwepheshe bakho ngaphambi kwesikhathi bese uthola indawo ethule, enezibani ezinhle zokubiza. Yiba ne-thermometer eseduze ukuze uhlole ubushushu bakho uma udokotela wakho ekucela.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana neCoronavirus?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule mayelana ne-coronavirus ukuthi nakuba lokhu kutheleleka kungase kuzwakale kukukhathaza, abantu abaningi baphulukana ngokuphelele ngokuphumula nokunakekelwa okusekela. Ukuqonda amaqiniso mayelana ne-coronavirus kungakusiza uphendule ngokufanele ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okungadingekile.

Gxila ezindleleni ezivimbela ezifakazelwe njengokugoma, ukuhlanzeka okuhle, nokulala ekhaya uma ugula. Uma uthuthukisa izimpawu, ziqaphele eduze futhi ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho uma unezinkinga noma uma izimpawu ziyanda.

Khumbula ukuthi ulwazi lwezokwelapha mayelana nama-coronavirus, ikakhulukazi i-COVID-19, luyaqhubeka luthuthuka. Hlala unolwazi ngemithombo ethembekile njengodokotela wakho, i-CDC, noma i-department yakho yempilo yendawo. Ngolwazi olufanele nezinyathelo ezifanele, ungazivikela wena nabathandekayo bakho ngenkathi uqhubeka uphila impilo yakho.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana neCoronavirus

Q.1: I-coronavirus ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Abantu abaningi abanezifo ezilula ze-coronavirus baphulukana phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bekhathele noma babe nezimpawu ezihlala njalo amasonto amaningana. Uma unezimpawu ezinzima noma izimo zempilo ezingaphansi, ukuphulukana kungathatha isikhathi eside. Kubalulekile ukuphumula futhi ungaphuthumi ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile kuze kube yilapho uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele.

Q.2: Ungathola i-coronavirus kabili?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukutheleleka nge-coronavirus ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa, nakuba ukutheleleka kabusha ngokuvamile kuncane futhi ngokuvamile kuphumule kunekutheleleka kokuqala. Isistimu yakho yokulwa nezifo ithuthukisa ukuvikelwa okuthile ngemuva kokutheleleka, kodwa lo muvikelwa ungase ube mncane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukugoma kunikeza ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe futhi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kabusha noma ekuqedeni ubukhulu uma kwenzeka.

Q.3: Uhlala utholakala isikhathi esingakanani nge-coronavirus?

Abantu abaningi banokutheleleka kakhulu ezinsukwini eziyi-2-3 zokuqala zezimpawu, nakuba ungasabalalisa i-virus kusuka ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-2 ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale kuze kube ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-10 ngemuva kwalokho. Uma unezimpawu ezinzima noma isimiso sokulwa nezifo esibuthakathaka, ungase ube nokutheleleka isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, ungaphela ukuzihlukanisa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-5 uma izimpawu zakho ziyathuthuka futhi awunayo i-fever isikhathi esingamahora angu-24.

Q.4: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-coronavirus ne-flu?

Kokubili i-coronavirus ne-flu yizifo zokuphefumula ezinezimpawu ezifanayo njengokuqina, ukhwehlela, nobuhlungu bomzimba. Noma kunjalo, i-coronavirus (ikakhulukazi i-COVID-19) ngokuvamile ibangela ukulahlekelwa ukunambitha noma iphunga futhi ingabangela izinkinga ezahlukene. Kokubili kungaba nzima, kodwa kubangelwa ama-virus ahlukene futhi kungadinga izindlela zokwelapha noma zokuvimbela ezahlukene.

Q.5: Kufanele ngihlolwe yini uma nginezimpawu ezilula?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile kunconywa uma unezimpawu ezithile ezingaba yi-coronavirus, ngisho noma zilula. Ukubona ukuthi uthelelekile yini kukusiza wenze izinqumo mayelana nokuzihlukanisa, ukwelapha, nokuvikela abanye. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlola ezitholakalayo, kuhlanganise nezivivinyo zasekhaya, ezinganikeza imiphumela esheshayo futhi zikusize uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.