Coronavirus

I-COVID-19, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-coronavirus disease 2019, yisifo esibangelwa yi-virus. Leli virus libizwa ngokuthi yi-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, noma ngokuvamile, i-SARS-CoV-2. Yaqala ukusabalala ekupheleni kuka-2019 yaba yisifo esiyisifo samhlaba jikelele ngo-2020. I-virus ebangela i-COVID-19 isabalala kakhulu emoyeni ngezintuli ezincane zoketshezi phakathi kwabantu abasondelene. Abantu abaningi abane-COVID-19 abanawo noma banezifo ezilula. Kodwa kubantu abadala kakhulu nabantu abanezimo zezempilo ezithile, i-COVID-19 ingadala isidingo sokukhathalelwa esibhedlela noma ukufa. Ukugcina ulwazi lwakho lwe-COVID-19 luhlaziywa kusiza ukuvimbela ukugula okukhulu, isidingo sokukhathalelwa esibhedlela ngenxa ye-COVID-19 nokufa okuvela ku-COVID-19. Ezinye izindlela ezingasiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwaleli coronavirus zihlanganisa ukugeleza komoya omuhle ngaphakathi, ukuhlukaniswa komzimba, ukugqoka isembozo sobuso endaweni efanele kanye nokuhlanzeka okuhle. Imithi inganciphisa ubukhulu bokutheleleka kwe-viral. Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngaphandle kwemiphumela ende, kodwa abanye abantu banezimpawu ezithatha izinyanga.

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-COVID-19 zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-14 ngemva kokuxhumana ne-virus. Izimpawu zingafaka: Ukukhokha okwomile. Ukuqina kokuphefumula. Ukwehluleka kokunambitha noma ukuhogela. Ukukhathala okukhulu, okuthiwa ukukhathala. Izimpawu zokugaya ukudla ezinjengesisu esiphazamisekile, ukugabha noma izisu ezithambile, okuthiwa isifo sohudo. Ubuhlungu, njengokukhathazeka kwekhanda nobuhlungu bomzimba noma bemisipha. Ukuqhuma noma ukuthandaza. Izimpawu ezifana nezifo zokubanda ezinjengokuqina, ukopha kwempumulo noma ukuhlunguluka komlomo. Abantu bangaba nezimpawu ezimbalwa noma bangabi nazo. Abantu abangenazo izimpawu kodwa bavivinya be-positive ku-COVID-19 bathiwa abangenayo impawu. Ngokwesibonelo, abantwana abaningi abavivinya be-positive abanawo izimpawu zesifo se-COVID-19. Abantu abaqhubeka beba nezimpawu bacatshangelwa ukuba bangakabi nezimpawu. Womabili amaqembu angasakaza i-COVID-19 kwabanye. Abanye abantu bangaba nezimpawu eziyanda cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-14 ngemva kokuba izimpawu ziqale. Abantu abaningi abane-COVID-19 banezimpawu ezincane kuya ezimaphakathi. Kodwa i-COVID-19 ingabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezokwelapha futhi iholele ekufeni. Abadala noma abantu abasenesifo esikhathini eside baphakathi kwabantu abasengozini enkulu yesifo esinzima. I-COVID-19 ingaba yisifo esilula, esimaphakathi, esinzima noma esibucayi. Ngokuqondile, i-COVID-19 elula ayithinti ikhono lamaphunga lokuthola i-oksijini emzimbeni. Ekuguleni kwe-COVID-19 okumaphakathi, amaphunga asebenza kahle kodwa kunesibonakaliso sokuthi ukutheleleka kujulile emaphungwini. I-COVID-19 enzima isho ukuthi amaphunga awasebenzi kahle, futhi umuntu udinga i-oksijini nokunye usizo lokwelapha esibhedlela. Ukugula kwe-COVID-19 okubucayi kusho ukuthi uhlelo lwamaphaphu nokuphefumula, oluthiwa uhlelo lokuphefumula, luyehluleka futhi kunokulimaza kulo lonke umzimba. Ngokungavamile, abantu ababamba i-coronavirus bangathuthukisa iqembu lezimpawu ezihlotshaniswa namalungu noma izicubu ezivuvukile. Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi i-multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Uma abantwana benalesi sifo, sibizwa ngokuthi i-multisystem inflammatory syndrome kubantwana, esifushaniswe ngokuthi i-MIS-C. Kubantu abadala, igama yi-MIS-A. Xhumana nochwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma uvivinya be-positive ku-COVID-19. Uma unezimpawu futhi udinga ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19, noma ukhombiswe umuntu onayo i-COVID-19, ochwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo angakusiza. Abantu abasengozini enkulu yesifo esinzima bangathola imithi ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-COVID-19 virus emzimbeni. Noma iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingahlela ukuhlolwa okuvamile ukuqapha impilo yakho. Thola usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu: Awukwazi ukuthatha umoya noma unezinkinga zokuphefumula. Isikhumba, izindebe noma izipikili zezinzipho eziphelile, ezimnyama noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuphazamiseka okusha. Ukungakwazi ukuhlala uqaphile noma ukuvuka. Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezela kwesifuba okuqhubekayo. Lo luhlu alubandakanyi yonke impawu yokuphuthuma. Uma wena noma umuntu omnakekelayo unezimpawu ezikukhathazayo, thola usizo. Tshela iqembu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokuvivinywa okuhle kwe-COVID-19 noma izimpawu zesifo.

Xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo uma uvivinywe ufumana u-COVID-19. Uma unezimpawu futhi udinga ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19, noma ukhombene nomuntu onayo i-COVID-19, ochwepheshe wezempilo bangakusiza. Abantu abasezingeni elikhulu lokugula okukhulu bangathola imithi ukuvimbela ukwanda kwe-COVID-19 emzimbeni. Noma iqembu lakho lezempilo lingahlela ukuhlolwa njalo ukuqapha impilo yakho. Thola usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha nganoma iyiphi kulezi zimpawu: Awukwazi ukuphefumula noma unezinkinga zokuphefumula. Isikumba, izindebe noma imicu yezinzipho ezimhlophe, ezimnyama noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuphazamiseka okusha. Ukuphazamiseka ekuhlaleni uphapheme noma ukuvuka. Ubuhlungu noma uxinzelelo lwesibeletho oluqhubekayo. Lo luhlu alubandakanyi zonke izimpawu eziphuthumayo. Uma wena noma umuntu omnakekelayo unezimpawu ezikukhathazayo, thola usizo. Tshela iqembu lezempilo ngokuvivinywa okuhle kwe-COVID-19 noma izimpawu zesifo.

I-COVID-19 ibangelwa ukutheleleka yi-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-SARS-CoV-2. I-coronavirus ikhula ikakhulukazi kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye umuntu, ngisho nasemunye umuntu othintekile kodwa engenazo izimpawu. Uma abantu abane-COVID-19 bekhotha, behlwitha, bephefumula, behlabelela noma bekhuluma, umoya wabo ungaba ne-COVID-19 virus. I-coronavirus ephakanyiswe ngumoya womuntu ingase ifike ngqo ebusweni bomuntu oseduze, ngemuva kokuhwitha noma ukukhotha, ngokwesibonelo. Amaconsi noma izinhlayiya umuntu othintekile aphefumula angase aphefumulwe abanye abantu uma behlangene eduze noma ezindaweni lapho umoya ungapheli khona. Futhi umuntu angase athathe ubuso obune-droplets yomoya bese ethinta ubuso bawo ngezandla ezinale coronavirus. Kungenzeka ukuthola i-COVID-19 ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuvikela komzimba kwi-COVID-19 virus kungase kuphele. Umuntu angase athinteke kakhulu yi-virus kangangokuthi iphula ukuvikela kwabo kokukhululeka. Njengoba i-virus ithatha iqembu labantu, i-virus iyakopisha. Phakathi nalesi senzakalo, ikhodi ye-genetic ingashintsha ngokungahleliwe kuyo yonke ikhophi. Izinguquko zibizwa ngokuthi yi-mutations. Uma i-coronavirus ebangela i-COVID-19 ishintsha ngezindlela ezenza ukutheleleka kwangaphambili noma ukugonywa kube yingcindezi encane ekunqobeni ukutheleleka, abantu bangase bagule futhi. I-virus ebangela i-COVID-19 ingatheleleka ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. I-Cats, izinja, ama-hamsters nama-ferrets bayibambe le coronavirus futhi babe nezimpawu. Akukhona okuvamile ukuba umuntu athole i-COVID-19 esilwaneni sakhe esifuywayo.

Amathuba amakhulu okuthola i-COVID-19 yiwo: Uma othile ohlala nawe enesifo se-COVID-19. Uma uchitha isikhathi ezindaweni lapho umoya ungangeni kahle khona futhi unezinqwaba zabantu lapho i-virus isakazeka khona. Uma uchitha imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-30 usondelene nomuntu onayo i-COVID-19. Izinto eziningi zithinta amathuba akho okuthola i-virus ebangela i-COVID-19. Isikhathi osithola usondelene, uma indawo inomoya omuhle kanye nemisebenzi yakho konke kuchaphazela ingozi. Futhi, uma wena nabanye nifaka ama-mask, uma othile enezimpawu ze-COVID-19 nokuthi usondele kangakanani kuchaphazela ingozi yakho. Ukuthintana okuqonde ngqo kufaka phakathi ukuhlala nokukhuluma eduze komunye nomunye, isibonelo, noma ukwabelana ngemoto noma igumbi lokulala. Kubonakala kuncane kakhulu abantu abathintwa yi-virus ebangela i-COVID-19 ohlangothini oluthintekile. Nakuba i-virus ikhishwa egazini, okuthiwa yisitulo, ukutheleleka kwe-COVID-19 ezindaweni ezinjengendawo yokugeza yeningi akuvamile.

Izinkinga ze-COVID-19 zihlanganisa ukulahleka kwesikhathi eside sokukhazimula nokunuka, ukuqhuma kwesikhumba, nezihlamba. Lesi sifo singabangela ubunzima bokuqeda umoya noma i-pneumonia. Izinkinga zezokwelapha umuntu asevele aziphatha zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Izinkinga zesifo esibuhlungu se-COVID-19 zingafaka: I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome, lapho amandla omzimba engatholi oksijini eyanele. Ukushoshozela okubangelwa ukutheleleka noma izinkinga zenhliziyo. Ukusebenza ngokweqile kwesistimu yokuvimba, okuthiwa ukusabela kokuvuvukala. Izikhuthuli zegazi. Ukulimala kwesibindi. Ngemva kokutheleleka kwe-COVID-19, abanye abantu babika ukuthi izimpawu ziyaqhubeka izinyanga, noma bathuthukisa izimpawu ezintsha. Lesi simo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-long COVID, noma i-post-COVID-19. Ungase uzwe kuthiwa yi-long haul COVID-19, izimo ze-post-COVID noma i-PASC. Lokho kufushane kwe-post-acute sequelae ye-SARS-CoV-2. Ukutheleleka okunye, njenge-influenza ne-polio, kungabangela ukugula isikhathi eside. Kodwa i-virus ebangela i-COVID-19 ihlalwe kuphela kusukela yaqala ukusabalala ngo-2019. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo ngemiphumela ethile yezimpawu ze-COVID-19 zesikhathi eside luyaqhubeka. Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-post-COVID-19 syndrome ingenzeka ngemva kwesifo sanobukhulu. Ukuthola i-COVID-19 vaccine kungasiza ukuvimbela i-post-COVID-19 syndrome.