Iyini i-Diphtheria? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Iyini i-Diphtheria?

I-Diphtheria yisifo esibi kakhulu esibangelwa yibhaktheriya, esihlasela ikakhulu umlomo nomphimbo. Sibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Corynebacterium diphtheriae, evelisa i-toxin enamandla kakhulu engalimaza inhliziyo, izinso, kanye nesistimu yezinzwa.

Lesi sifo sidala ukumbozwa okuqine kakhulu, oluyimfucumfucu emhlophe emnyama emhlomweni, okwenza kuphefumule kanye nokugwinya kube nzima kakhulu. Nakuba i-diphtheria yayiyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwabantwana ngaphambili, ukugoma okuyisigxobo kuye kwakwenza kube yinto engavamile emazweni athuthukile namuhla.

Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo sisalokhu sisongela ngempela ezindaweni lapho amanani okugoma aphansi khona. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-diphtheria ingavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokugoma okuhle futhi iyakwelashwa uma itholakala ngokushesha.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Diphtheria?

Izimpawu ze-diphtheria zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezi-5 ngemuva kokubonisana nebhaktheriya. Izimpawu zokuqala zingazizwa zifana neqandukulu eliqhelekileyo, kungakho kubalulekile ukunaka indlela izimpawu eziqhubeka ngayo.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo zifaka:

• Ukumbozwa okuqine kakhulu, oluyimfucumfucu emhlophe noma emnyama olumbozela umlomo namathoni
• Ubuhlungu bomlomo nokuhlupheka ekugwinyeni
• Ukuvuvukala, okuvamile okuthambile kuya kokuphakathi
• Ama-lymph nodes avuvukile entanyeni
• Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala
• Ukuhlanza okukhulu
• Ukuhlupheka ekuphefumuleni noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo

I-membrane emhlophe emnyama emhlomweni yilokho okuhlukanisa i-diphtheria kwezinye izifo zomlomo. Le membrane ingaphuma igazi uma uzama ukuyisusa futhi ingase iqhubeke iye phansi emgqonyeni wakho.

Kwezinye izimo, i-diphtheria ingathinta isikhumba sakho, idale amaqhubu abuhlungu, avuvukile noma ama-ulcers amancane. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi kubantu abanesimo esibi sokuhlanzeka noma abaphila ezindaweni ezikhukhumele.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Diphtheria?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-diphtheria, ngayinye ithonya izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wakho. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani izimpawu zingase zihluke kumuntu nomuntu.

I-diphtheria yokuphumula yiyona ebi kakhulu futhi ithonya umphimbo, umlomo, nezinye izindawo zokuphefumula. Lolu hlobo lwenza i-membrane emhlophe emnyama engozi engase ivinje indlela yokuphefumula futhi ivumele i-toxin yebhaktheriya ukuba isakazeke kulo lonke umzimba.

I-diphtheria yesikhumba ithonya isikhumba sakho futhi ngokuvamile ayibi kakhulu. Ivela njengamaqhubu noma ama-ulcers ashabalalayo, ngokuvamile ezandleni noma emilenzeni. Nakuba lolu hlobo lungavamile ukubangela izinkinga ezingathí sina, lusengasakaza ukutheleleka kwabanye.

Kukhona futhi uhlobo olungavamile oluthi i-diphtheria yesistimu, lapho i-toxin isakazeka kulo lonke umzimba wakho futhi ingathinta inhliziyo, izinso, nesistimu yezinzwa ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezicacile zomlomo.

Yini ebangela i-Diphtheria?

I-Diphtheria ibangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Lezi bhaktheriya zihlala emlonyeni, emhlomweni, nasemphimbweni yabantu abathelelekile futhi zisakazeka kalula kumuntu nomuntu.

Ungathola i-diphtheria ngezindlela eziningana:

• Ukuphefumula amaconsi lapho umuntu othelelekile ekhwehlela noma ethi tshwa
• Ukuthinta izinto ezingcolile njengezinto zokudlala, izinkinobho zezinyango, noma izinto zomuntu siqu
• Ukuthintana ngqo namaqhubu esikhumba ashabalalayo
• Ukunatha ubisi olungagayiwe oluvela ezinkomeni ezithelelekile (okungavamile kakhulu)

Ibhaktheriya ivelela i-toxin enamandla elilimaza izicubu eziphilile futhi ingasakazeka nge-bloodstream ukuze ithonye izitho ezikude. Le toxin yilokho okwenza i-diphtheria ibe yingozi kakhulu, ngisho noma ukutheleleka kokuqala kubonakala kuthambile.

Abantu bangaphatha futhi basakaze ibhaktheriya ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu zabo. Lokhu kwenza ukugoma kube yinto ebalulekile ekuvikeleni imiphakathi yonke, hhayi abantu kuphela.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Diphtheria?

Kufanele ufunuke ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma wena noma ingane yakho ivela ngokubuhlungu komlomo okukhulu ngokuhlupheka ekugwinyeni noma ekuphefumuleni. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, ikakhulu uma kukhona ukumbozwa okuqine okutholakala emhlomweni.

Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela:

• I-membrane emhlophe emnyama embozela umlomo noma amatoni
• Ukuhlupheka ekuphefumuleni noma ukuphefumula okukhulu
• Ukuhlupheka okukhulu ekugwinyeni
• Ukuvuvukala okuphezulu ngezimpawu zomlomo
• Intanyana evuvukile ebukeka njenge-“bull neck”
• Izimpawu zokushona njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukubila, noma ukudideka

Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphulukana zodwa. I-Diphtheria ingaqhubeka ngokushesha futhi ibe yingozi ekuphileni ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela futhi kuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Uma ukhombiswe umuntu one-diphtheria, xhumana nodokotela wakho wezokwelapha ngokushesha, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Ungadinga ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ukuba kuqale.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi ze-Diphtheria?

Izici eziningana zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-diphtheria. Ukuqonda lokhu kusiza ukuba uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuzivikela wena nomndeni wakho.

Izici zengozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukuba ungagomile noma unegoma elingaphelele
• Ukuphila ezindaweni ezikhukhumele noma ezingcolile
• Ukuya ezindaweni lapho i-diphtheria ivame khona
• Ukuba nesistimu yokukhulula ebuthakathaka
• Ukuba mncane kakhulu (ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-5) noma omdala (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60)
• Ukuba nezimo ezingapheli njengesihlalo noma isifo sezintso
• Ukuphila ezindaweni lapho ukufinyelela ezinsizweni zezempilo kubi khona

Abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 nabantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 babhekene nengozi enkulu ngoba izistimu zabo zokukhulula zingase zingaphenduli kahle ekuthelelekeni. Noma kunjalo, noma ubani angathola i-diphtheria uma engagomile kahle.

Abantu abahlala emazweni asathuthuka noma ezindaweni ezithintekile yimpi, izinhlekelele zemvelo, noma ukungazinzi kwezomnotho banengozi enkulu ngenxa yezinhlelo zokugoma eziphukile nezimimo zokuphila ezimbi.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingase Zenzeke Nge-Diphtheria?

Nakuba ukwelashwa okusheshayo ngokuvamile kuvimbela izinkinga, i-diphtheria ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu lapho i-toxin yebhaktheriya isakazeka kulo lonke umzimba wakho. Lezi zinkinga zingaba yingozi ekuphileni futhi zingadinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okukhulu.

Izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zifaka:

• Izinkinga zenhliziyo kufaka phakathi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile nokungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo
• Ukuhlupheka ekuphefumuleni okuvela ekuvinjeni kwendlela yokuphefumula
• Ukonakala kwezinzwa okubangela ukuqina kwemisipha
• Ukonakala kwezintso nokungasebenzi kahle
• Izinkinga zokopha okukhulu
• I-Pneumonia nokutheleleka kwamaphaphu
• Ukuvuvukala kwengqondo (okungavamile kakhulu)

Izinkinga zenhliziyo zikhathaza kakhulu ngoba zingase zenzeke ngisho nasemuva kokuba izimpawu zomlomo ziphulukana. I-toxin ingalimaza umsipha wenhliziyo yakho, iholele ezindleleni ezingavamile noma ekungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo ngemuva kwamasonto ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuqala.

Ukuqina kwezinzwa ngokuvamile kuthinta imisipha esetshenziswa ekugwinyeni nasekuphefumuleni kuqala, bese ingasakazeka ezandleni nasemiilenzeni. Nakuba lo mqina ngokuvamile ukhona okwesikhashana, ungaba yingozi ekuphileni uma uthinta imisipha yokuphefumula.

Lezi zinkinga zichaza ukuthi kungani i-diphtheria idinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha nokulandelelwa ngokucophelela, ngisho nasemuva kokuba izimpawu ziqale ukuphulukana.

I-Diphtheria Ingavinjelwa Kanjani?

I-Diphtheria ingavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokugoma. I-diphtheria vaccine isebenza kakhulu futhi inikeza ukuvikelwa okuphakathi nxesha elide uma inikezwa ngokuvumelana nesheduli ecacisiwe.

Indlela evamile yokuvikela ifaka:

• Ukuthola i-DTaP vaccine series ebuntwaneni (ezinyangeni ezi-2, 4, 6, 15-18, neminyaka engama-4-6)
• Ukuthola i-Tdap booster eminyakeni engama-11-12
• Ukuthola i-Td boosters yonke iminyaka engama-10 ubude bomuntu omdala
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bathola i-Tdap ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo
• Ukuthola izilinganiso eziphuthelwe kunoma iyiphi iminyaka

Ngaphandle kokugoma, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokwenza ukuhlanzeka okuhle. Geza izandla zakho njalo, gwema ukuthintana eduze nabantu abagulayo, futhi ungabelani ngezinto zomuntu siqu njengezitsha noma ama-towels.

Uma uhamba ezindaweni lapho i-diphtheria ivame khona, qiniseka ukuthi ukugoma kwakho kuqediwe ngaphambi kokuhamba. Udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ezinye izinyathelo zokuvikela ngokusekelwe endaweni oya kuyo nezinqubo zokuhamba.

I-Diphtheria Ihlonishwa Kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-diphtheria kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa komzimba nokulingwa kwelebhu. Udokotela wakho uzobheka izimpawu ezicacile ngenkathi ephinde akhiphe ezinye izimo ezingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo.

Ngesikhathi sokugqwayiza komzimba, udokotela wakho uzohlwaya umlomo wakho ngokucophelela efuna i-membrane emhlophe emnyama evamile kwi-diphtheria. Bazophinde bahlole ama-lymph nodes avuvukile futhi bahlole ikhono lakho lokuphefumula nokugwinya.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, udokotela wakho uzothatha isampula emhlomweni wakho noma emphimbweni wakho usebenzisa i-cotton swab. Lesi sampula sithunyelwa kwilebhu lapho ochwepheshe bengenza khona:

• Ukufuna ibhaktheriya ye-diphtheria ngaphansi komkhiqizo
• Ukukhulisa ibhaktheriya ezikhiweni ezikhethekile
• Ukuhlola ukuba khona kwe-diphtheria toxin
• Ukuqondisa ukuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa ezizosebenza kangcono

Izivivinyo zegazi zingase zenziwe ukuhlola izimpawu zokonakala kwe-toxin enhliziyweni yakho, izinso, noma ezinye izitho. I-electrocardiogram (ECG) ingase yenziwe ukuqapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-diphtheria ingaqhubeka ngokushesha, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuqala ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela yokuhlola itholakale uma udokotela wakho ekholelwa kakhulu ekutholeni ngokusekelwe ezimpawu nasemiphumeleni yokuhlola.

Ukuphathwa kwe-Diphtheria Kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kwe-diphtheria kudinga ukungena esibhedlela ngokushesha futhi kuhilela izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuqeda i-toxin yebhaktheriya nokususa ibhaktheriya ngokwayo. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ukuphathwa okuyinhloko kufaka:

• I-diphtheria antitoxin ukuqeda i-toxin esakazekile
• Izidakamizwa njenge-penicillin noma i-erythromycin ukubulala ibhaktheriya
• Ukukhathalela okusekela ukuphefumula nokusebenza kwenhliziyo
• Ukuhlukaniswa ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kokutheleleka
• Ukulandelelwa okuqonde ngqo izinkinga

I-diphtheria antitoxin yiyona ukwelashwa okubaluleke kakhulu ngoba iphela i-toxin esesikhathini sakho se-bloodstream. Noma kunjalo, ayikwazi ukubuyisela ukonakala okwenzekile kakade, kungakho ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile kangaka.

Izidakamizwa zisiza ekususeni ibhaktheriya futhi zinciphisa isikhathi sokutheleleka, kodwa azipheli i-toxin esivele yenziwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-antitoxin nezidakamizwa kunikeza ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu.

Uma ukuphefumula kuba nzima, ungadinga i-oxygen therapy noma ngisho ne-breathing tube. Izinkinga zenhliziyo zingadinga imithi yokusekela ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nokulawula izindlela ezingavamile.

Unganakekela Kanjani Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokwelashwa kwe-Diphtheria?

I-Diphtheria idinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela njalo, ngakho ukunakekelwa ekhaya kugxila ekusekeleni ukubuyela esimweni esiqondile ngemuva kokukhishwa nasekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwabanye abantu bomndeni. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalo ekhethekile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Ngesikhathi sokubuyela esimweni esiqondile, ungasekela ukululama ngokuthi:

• Uthole ukuphumula okuningi ukuze usize umzimba wakho ulwe nokutheleleka
• Uphuze izinto ezishisayo njenge-broth noma itiye ukuze uthambise umlomo wakho
• Usebenzise i-humidifier ukuze kululame ukuphefumula
• Uthathe imithi eyalwe ngokuqondile njengoba kucacisiwe
• Udle ukudla okuthambile, okulula ukugwinya
• Ugweme imisebenzi enzima kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekukhulula

Ukuhlukaniswa kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwe-diphtheria kwabanye. Kuzodingeka uhlale kude nomsebenzi, esikoleni, nasezindaweni zomphakathi kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi awusatheleleki, ngokuvamile ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa.

Amalungu omndeni nabantu abasondelene kufanele bahlolwe yisazi sezokwelapha futhi bangadinga izidakamizwa zokuvikela noma ukugoma okuyisigxobo, ngisho noma bengazihlangabezani nazimpawu.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Udokotela?

Uma ucindezela i-diphtheria, lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kunokubhuka isikhathi. Noma kunjalo, ukulungiselela kungasiza ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuba bakunikeze ukunakekelwa okuhle ngokushesha.

Ngaphambi kokuya ekamelweni elikhethekile noma ekunakekelweni okusheshayo, buza le mininingwane ebalulekile:

• Umbhalo wakho wokugoma, ikakhulu izithombe ze-diphtheria zakamuva
• Ukuhamba kwakamuva ezindaweni lapho i-diphtheria ivame khona
• Ukuthintana nanoma ubani ongabe enediptheria
• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yakho yangamanje nezinto ongazihlupheki ngazo
• Isikhathi lapho izimpawu zaqala khona
• Noma yiziphi izimo zempilo ezingapheli onazo

Shaya ngaphambi kokwazisa isikhungo sezokwelapha ukuthi uza ne-diphtheria engenzeka. Lokhu kubavumela ukuba balungiselele izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa ezifanele futhi babe nokwelashwa okudingekayo okulungile.

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani uma kungenzeka, njengoba ungadinga usizo ekukhulumisaneni uma ukugwinya noma ukuphefumula kuqala ukuba nzima. Bangasiza futhi ekuqondeni ulwazi olubalulekile udokotela akunikeza lona.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-Diphtheria?

I-Diphtheria yisifo esibi kakhulu kodwa esingavinjelwa ngokuphelele esibangelwa yibhaktheriya esingaba yingozi ekuphileni ngaphandle kokwelashwa okusheshayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukugoma kunikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu kuleli sifo.

Nakuba i-diphtheria ingavamile emazweni anemihlelo emihle yokugoma, isaqhubeka futhi ingaqhubeka ngokushesha. Noma yiluphi ubuhlungu bomlomo obukhulu ngokuhlupheka ekuphefumuleni noma ekugwinyeni kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ikakhulu uma ubona ukumbozwa oluyimfucumfucu emhlophe emnyama emhlomweni.

Ukuhlanganiswa kokuvikela ngokugoma nokwelashwa okusheshayo uma kudingeka kusho ukuthi i-diphtheria ayidingi ukuba yingozi enkulu kuwe noma emndenini wakho. Hlala ugcine ukugoma kwakho futhi ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma izimpawu ezinkulu ziveleka.

Imibuzo Evamile Ebuzwayo Mayelana ne-Diphtheria

Ungathola i-diphtheria yini uma usugomayo?

Nakuba kunqabile kakhulu, ukutheleleka okungapheli kungase kwenzeke kubantu abagomile, ikakhulu uma ukuvikelwa kuye kwaphela isikhathi. Noma kunjalo, abantu abagomile abatholakala be-diphtheria ngokuvamile banezimpawu ezithambile kakhulu nengozi encane yezinkinga. Kungakho ukudubula okuyisigxobo yonke iminyaka engama-10 kunconywa ukuze kugcinwe ukuvikelwa.

Utholakala isikhathi esingakanani une-diphtheria?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ungasakaza i-diphtheria amasonto ama-2-4 ngemuva kokuba izimpawu ziqale. Ngokwelashwa okuqondile ngezidakamizwa, abantu abaningi bayeka ukuba batheleleke ngaphakathi kwamahora angama-24-48. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ama-throat swabs ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awusathele ibhaktheriya ngaphambi kokukukhulula ukuba ubuyele emisebenzini evamile.

I-Diphtheria isavame yini kunoma iyiphi indawo emhlabeni?

I-Diphtheria isalokhu iyinkinga ezingxenyeni zase-Afrika, e-Asia, eNingizimu Melika, naseMpumalanga Yurophu lapho ukumbozwa kokugoma kuphansi khona. Ukupuka kwamuva kuye kwenzeka emazweni athintekile yimpi noma ukungazinzi kwezomnotho. Uma uhamba kulezi zindawo, qiniseka ukuthi ukugoma kwakho kuqediwe ngaphambi kokuhamba.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-diphtheria ne-strep throat?

Nakuba kokubili kubangela ubuhlungu bomlomo, i-diphtheria yenza i-membrane emhlophe emnyama eqine embozela umlomo namathoni, kuyilapho i-strep throat ngokuvamile ibonisa izicubu zomlomo ezibomvu, ezivuvukile ngama-patches amhlophe. I-Diphtheria iphinde ibe nokuhlupheka okukhulu ekuphefumuleni futhi ingathinta inhliziyo nesistimu yezinzwa, ngokungafani ne-strep throat.

Izinkinga ze-diphtheria zingaba yizinto ezingapheli yini?

Izinkinga eziningi ze-diphtheria ziyaphela ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okuqondile, nakuba ukubuyela esimweni esiqondile kungathatha amasonto kuya ezinyangeni. Ukonakala kwenhliziyo nokuqina kwezinzwa ngokuvamile kuphulukana isikhathi eside, kodwa izimo ezinkulu zingashiya imiphumela ehlala njalo. Kungakho ukuvikela ngokugoma nokwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile kakhulu ekuvinjeni izinkinga ngokuphelele.