Umgibolomanema yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umgibolomanema uhlobo lwe-tumor yengqondo eqhubekayo evela ezintweni ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-astrocytes, ezivame ukusekela nokunakekela ama-neurons engqondo. Kubhekwa njengolumanema oluqhelekileyo nolukhula ngokushesha lwe-tumor yengqondo kubantu abadala, olumelela cishe ingxenye yazo zonke i-tumors zengqondo ezitholakala unyaka ngamunye.

Nakuba ukwamukela leli bizo kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, ukuqonda ukuthi umgibolomanema usho ukuthini nezinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo kungakusiza uzizwe ulungile futhi unolwazi. Imithi yanamuhla iyaqhubeka ithuthuka ekwelapheni lesi simo, futhi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlala lisebenza nawe ukuze lenze uhlelo lokuphatha oluhle kakhulu.

Umgibolomanema yini?

Umgibolomanema yi-tumor yengqondo ye-Grade IV, okusho ukuthi ikhula futhi isakazeka ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwe-tissue yengqondo. Lezi tumors zithuthukela ezintweni ze-glial, ikakhulukazi i-astrocytes, ezingamaseli anefomu lesi-star anikeza ukusekela kwesakhiwo kumaseli ezinzwa engqondo yakho.

I-tumor ithola igama layo elithi "glio" (elisho amaseli e-glial) nelithi "blastoma" (elisho i-tumor eyenziwe ngamaseli angakabi avuthiwe). Ngokungafani nezinye izifo ze-cancer, umgibolomanema awuvamile ukusakazeka ngaphandle kwengqondo, kodwa ungakhula ngokushesha futhi ungena ngaphakathi kwe-tissue yengqondo enempilo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: umgibolomanema oyinhloko, ophakama ngqo njenge-tumor ye-Grade IV, nomgibolomanema wesibili, oqala njenge-tumor ye-grade ephansi bese uqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umgibolomanema oyinhloko uvame kakhulu, uthinta cishe ama-90% ezikhathini.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Glioblastoma?

Izimpawu ze-glioblastoma zithuthukela ngoba i-tumor ekhula ibeka uxinzelelo kwi-tissue yengqondo ezungezile noma ithonya imisebenzi ethile yengqondo. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela kancane ekuqaleni, bese zingaqala ukuba zimbi ngokushesha njengoba i-tumor ikhula.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu olukhulayo oluhlala isikhathi eside olungase lube zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ekuseni
• Ukuhlupheka, okungase kube yisibonakaliso sokuqala cishe kuma-30% ezikhathi
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha, ikakhulukazi ekuseni
• Ukushintsha komuntu siqu, isimo sengqondo, noma ukuziphatha
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula noma ukudideka
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuthola amagama
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungabi namandla ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
• Izinkinga zokubona noma ukushintsha
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela noma ukukhungatheka
• Ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile noma ukucabanga ngokucacile

Izimpawu ezithile ozibonayo ziyahluka kakhulu ngokuthi i-tumor ikuphi engqondweni yakho. Isibonelo, i-tumor e-frontal lobe ingabangela ukushintsha komuntu siqu, kuyilapho enye eduze kwama-centers okukhuluma ingathinta ikhono lakho lokuxhumana.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izimo eziningi, ezingathandeki kakhulu. Ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi une-glioblastoma, kodwa zidinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha.

Yini ebangela i-Glioblastoma?

Imbangela eqondile ye-glioblastoma ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, okungase kube yinkinga lapho ufuna izimpendulo. Lokho esikwaziyo ukuthi yiyona ethuthukela lapho amaseli engqondo ajwayelekile ethola ukuguqulwa kwe-genetic okubangela ukuba akhule futhi ahlukanise ngokungenakulawuleka.

Eziningi zezikhathi ze-glioblastoma zibonakala zithuthukela ngokuzimela, okusho ukuthi ayikho imbangela ecacile yangaphandle. Noma kunjalo, abacwaningi baye bathola izinto eziningana ezingase zikhulise ingozi, nakuba ukuba nalezi zinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola ngokuqinisekile lesi simo.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala - oluvamile kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-45-70
• Ubulili - oluvamile kakhulu kubantu kunabesifazane
• Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwe-radiation ekhanda
• Izifo ezithile ze-genetic ezifuywe (ezimbalwa kakhulu)
• Ukubhekana ne-vinyl chloride (ikhemikhali yezimboni)

Kubalulekile, umgibolomanema awunawo ukutheleleka futhi awukwazi ukudluliselwa kumuntu komunye. Akubangelwa nezinto zokuphila njengokudla, ukucindezeleka, noma ukusetshenziswa kwefoni yeselula, naphezu kwalokho ongakubona ku-inthanethi.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela ngezimpawu ze-Glioblastoma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu olukhulayo oluhlala isikhathi eside oluhlukile kubunye obuvamile, ikakhulukazi uma buhambisana nezinye izimpawu ze-neurological. Ungalindi uma uqaphela ukushintsha ekucabangeni kwakho, ubuntu, noma amakhono akho omzimba.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuhlupheka okokuqala, ubuhlungu obukhulu obukhulu, noma ukushintsha okusheshayo emisebenzini yakho ye-neurological. Lokhu kungase kubonise uxinzelelo olukhulu engqondweni yakho oludinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Khumbula, izimo eziningi zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo, futhi udokotela wakho angakusiza aqonde ukuthi yini ebangela ukukhathazeka kwakho. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kuvumela ukwelashwa okusheshayo uma kudingeka futhi kungakunika ukuzola kwengqondo uma kungesinye isinto esingathandeki kakhulu.

Ziyini izinto ezingozi ze-Glioblastoma?

Ukuqonda izinto ezingozi kungakusiza ubeke isimo sakho ngendlela efanele, nakuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nezinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola umgibolomanema. Abantu abaningi abanazo izinto ezingozi abazitholi lesi simo.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala - ukwanda okukhulu kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka engama-55-65
• Ubulili besilisa - cishe izikhathi ezingama-1.5 zivame kakhulu kubantu
• Uhlanga - oluvamile kakhulu kubantu abamhlophe
• Ukubhekana ne-radiation ngaphambili ekhanda noma entanyeni
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic njenge-neurofibromatosis noma i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• Umlando womndeni we-tumors zengqondo (nakuba lokhu kungalona lutho oluvamile)

Ezinye izinto ezingozi ezingakaqondakali kahle abacwaningi abazifunda zihlanganisa ukubhekana nezikhemikhali ezithile, ama-electromagnetic fields, nokutheleleka kwe-viral. Noma kunjalo, ubufakazi balokhu abunamandla.

Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi abantu abaningi abatholwe benomgibolomanema abanazo izinto ezingozi ezaziwayo. I-tumor ivame ukuthuthukela kubantu abaphilile, kungakho ukwamukela leli bizo kungase kuzwakale kukhulu kangaka.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-Glioblastoma?

Umgibolomanema ungabangela izinhlanganisela kokubili ezivela kwi-tumor ngokwayo nezinye izikhathi ezivela ekwelapheni. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingaba khona kungakusiza wena neqembu lakho lokuphatha nilungiselele futhi nilulame ngokuphumelelayo.

Izinhlanganisela ezivela kwi-tumor zingase zihlanganise:

• Uxinzelelo olukhulu engqondweni (uxinzelelo lwe-intracranial)
• Ukuhlupheka okungase kube khona noma kube nzima ukulawula
• Ukwehluleka kwe-neurological okuqhubekayo okuthinta ukunyakaza, ukukhuluma, noma ukuqonda
• Ubunzima bokuginya okungase buthinte ukudla
• I-blood clots ngenxa yokunciphisa ukunyakaza
• Ukubunjwa kwamanzi engqondweni (hydrocephalus)

Izinhlanganisela ezihlobene nokwelashwa zingase zihlanganise izingozi zokucutshungulwa, imiphumela emibi evela e-chemotherapy noma e-radiation, nokuqeda amandla. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizoqapha eduze ngalezi zinkinga futhi libe nezindlela zokuzilawula.

Nakuba lezi zinhlanganisela zizwakala zikhathaza, eziningi zingalawulwa ngokuphumelelayo ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizohlala lisebenza ngokuqapha ukuvimbela izinhlanganisela uma kungenzeka futhi lizithole ngokushesha uma zenzeka.

Umgibolomanema utholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola umgibolomanema kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana, kuqala ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nokucubungula kwe-neurological. Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi enze izivivinyo ukuze ahlole ama-reflexes akho, ukuxhumanisa, nomsebenzi wakho wobuchopho.

Ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuthola ukuxilonga yi-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yengqondo yakho, edala izithombe eziningiliziwe ezingabonisa indawo ye-tumor, usayizi, nezici. Ungase uthole i-contrast agent nge-IV ukuze wenze i-tumor ibonakale kakhulu eskeni.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise:

• I-CT scan yokuhlola okusheshayo kokuqala
• I-PET scan ukuhlola umsebenzi we-tumor
• I-neuropsychological testing ukuhlola umsebenzi wobuchopho
• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuze uhlole impilo yakho jikelele

Ukuxilonga okuqinisekile kudinga i-tissue sample, evame ukutholakala ngokucutshungulwa. I-pathologist ihlola i-tissue ngaphansi kwesikrini bese yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic ukuze iqinisekise ukuxilonga futhi ibonise izici ezithile ze-tumor eziqondisa izinqumo zokwelapha.

Le nqubo yokuxilonga, nakuba iphelele, ivame ukuhamba ngokushesha uma umgibolomanema ecindezelwe. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha liyaqonda ukuphazamiseka futhi lizoqondisa ukunakekelwa kwakho ngokuphumelelayo.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-Glioblastoma?

Ukuphatha umgibolomanema kuvame ukubandakanya indlela ehlanganisiwe engase ihlanganise ukucutshungulwa, ukwelashwa kwe-radiation, ne-chemotherapy. Uhlelo oluthile lokwelapha luyahlukahluka ngezinto ezifana nendawo ye-tumor, impilo yakho jikelele, nezifiso zakho siqu.

Ukucutshungulwa kuvame ukuba yinyathelo lokuqala uma kungenzeka. Umgomo ukususa ingxenye enkulu ye-tumor ngokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi kulondolozwa imisebenzi ebalulekile yengqondo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukususa okuphelele akwenzeki ngenxa yendawo ye-tumor eduze kwezindawo eziqakathekile zengqondo.

Izingxenye zokwelapha ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukususwa okuphelele kokucutshungulwa okuphephile
• Ukuphathwa kwe-radiation, okuvame ukwenziwa nsuku zonke amasonto ayi-6
• I-Temozolomide chemotherapy, ethathwa njengezithasiselo
• Imithi yokusekela izimpawu ezifana nokuhlupheka noma ukukhula
• Ukuphathwa komzimba, umsebenzi, nokukhuluma uma kudingeka

Izinketho ezintsha zokwelapha ezifundwayo zihlanganisa i-immunotherapy, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-genetic ye-tumor yakho, nezinqubo ezintsha zokucutshungulwa. I-oncologist yakho ingaxoxa uma noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kungase kufaneleke esimweni sakho.

Ukuphathwa kuvame ukuqondiswa yiqembu elihlanganisa ochwepheshe be-neurosurgery, ochwepheshe be-medical oncology, ochwepheshe be-radiation oncology, nabanye ochwepheshe abasebenza ndawonye ukuze banikeze ukunakekelwa okuphelele.

Unganakekela kanjani ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-Glioblastoma?

Ukuphatha impilo ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-glioblastoma kuhilela ukugxila ekuqondeni amandla akho, ukuphatha izimpawu, nokuxhumana neqembu lakho lokusekela. Izinyathelo ezincane, eziqhubekayo zingenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo usuku nosuku.

Ukudla kuba yinto ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Zama ukudla ukudla okujwayelekile, okuhlanganisiwe ngisho noma ukudla kwakho kuthinteka. Ukugcina umzimba uthambile nokuthatha noma iyiphi imithi eyalwe kuyasiza ukusekela umzimba wakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Izindlela zokunakekelwa ekhaya zihlanganisa:

• Ukudala indawo ephephile ukuvimbela ukuwa
• Ukulungisa imithi ngezibonisi zephilisi noma izikhumbuzo
• Ukugcina isimiso sokulala esijwayelekile uma kungenzeka
• Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile njengoba kuvunyelwe yiqembu lakho lezokwelapha
• Ukuxhumana nabantu ngokomphakathi nomndeni nabangane
• Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokuzilibazisa

Ungangabazi ukucela usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke uma uyidinga. Ukwamukela ukusekelwa kwabanye akuyona uphawu lobuthakathaka kodwa yindlela yokusebenzisa amandla akho ukuze uphulukiswe nokusebenzisa isikhathi nabathandekayo.

Gcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze uqaphele indlela ozizwa ngayo nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha oqaphela. Lolu lwazi lusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha uma kudingeka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yokuya kudokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yezokwelapha kungakusiza ukwenze kakhulu isikhathi sakho neqembu lakho lokuphatha kwezempilo futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinkinga zakho zixazululwe. Ukulungiselela kusenza kunciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kuthuthukise ukuxhumana.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala phansi imibuzo yakho nezinkinga zakho. Kulula ukukhohlwa amaphuzu abalulekile uma uzizwa ukhulu, ngakho ukuba nohlu olubhaliwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho lutho olulahlekile.

Letha lezi zinto e-aphoyintimenti yakho:

• Uhlu lwemithi yamanje nezithasiselo
• Amarekhodi ezokwelapha angaphambili noma izifundo zokufana
• Amakhadi yebhange nezimpawu zokwaziswa
• Ulungile lomndeni noma umngane wokusekela
• Incwadi noma idivayisi yokuthatha amanothi
• Idayari yakho yezimpawu noma uhlu lwemibuzo

Cabanga ukubuza ngezinketho zokwelapha, imiphumela emibi, ukubikezelwa, namathuluzi wokusekela. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukukusiza uqonde isimo sakho futhi wenze izinqumo ezilwemi ngokunakekelwa kwakho.

Ungazizwa ucindezelekile ukwenza izinqumo ngokushesha ngezinketho zokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kulungile ukucela isikhathi sokuqonda ulwazi nokuxoxa ngezinketho nomndeni wakho ngaphambi kokunquma.

Iyini into ebalulekile nge-Glioblastoma?

Umgibolomanema yi-tumor yengqondo enkulu edinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo, okuphelele evela eqenjini lezokwelapha elikhethekile. Nakuba kuyisimo esiqhubekayo, ukuthuthuka ekwelapheni kuqhubeka kunikeza ithemba nemiphumela emihle kubantu abaningi.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi awuwedwa ekubhekaneni naleli bizo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha, umndeni, abangane, nezinhlangano zokusekela konke kuyiqembu lakho lokuphatha, lilungele ukukusiza uhambe kule ndlela.

Gxilisa ingqondo kulokho ongakulawula: ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha, ukugcina impilo yakho jikelele ngangokunokwenzeka, nokuxhumana neqembu lakho lokusekela. Ukuthatha izinto usuku nosuku ngenkathi uhlala uhileleke ekunakekelweni kwakho kungakusiza uphathe kokubili izici zezokwelapha nezingokomzwelo zaleli bizo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-Glioblastoma

Q1: Ingabe umgibolomanema uhlala ubulawa?

Umgibolomanema uyisimo esinzima, kodwa izikhathi zokuphila ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu komunye. Nakuba kuyi-tumor eqhubekayo, abanye abantu baphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunokuba izibalo ezijwayelekile zikhomba, futhi ukwelashwa okusha kuqhubeka kuthuthukisa imiphumela. Ukubikezelwa kwakho siqu kuyahlukahluka ngezinto eziningi ezifana nobudala bakho, impilo jikelele, izici ze-tumor, nokuthi uphendula kanjani ekwelapheni.

Q2: Ingabe umgibolomanema ungaphiliswa?

Okwamanje, umgibolomanema uqondwa njengokwelashwa kodwa awukwazi ukwelashwa ezimweni eziningi. Noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ukukhula kwe-tumor, kulawule izimpawu, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila. Abacwaningi basebenza ngokuqapha ekwelapheni okusha, futhi abanye abantu baye bahlangabezana nokuphila isikhathi eside. Umgomo wokwelapha ukukunika umphumela omuhle kakhulu nekhalithi yokuphila.

Q3: Umgibolomanema ukhula ngokushesha kangakanani?

Umgibolomanema uvame ukukhula ngokushesha, kungakho ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile uma sekuxilongwe. Noma kunjalo, izinga lokukhula lingahluka phakathi kwabantu futhi ngisho nangaphakathi kwe-tumor efanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinye izindawo zingase zikhule ngokushesha kunokunye, futhi ukwelashwa kunganciphisa noma kuyeke ukukhula okwesikhashana ezimweni eziningi.

Q4: Ngingasebenza yini ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Ikhono lakho lokusebenza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa liyahlukahluka ngezinto eziningana ezifana nezimpawu zakho, imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa, uhlobo lomsebenzi, nezimo zakho siqu. Abanye abantu bangaqhubeka besebenza ngokushintsha, kuyilapho abanye bengase badinge ukuthatha isikhathi. Xoxani ngesimo sakho somsebenzi neqembu lakho lezokwelapha, futhi cabanga ukukhuluma nomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa uma kudingeka.

Q5: Ingabe amalungu omndeni wami kufanele ahlolwe nge-glioblastoma?

Umgibolomanema awuvamile ukudluliselwa nge-genetic, ngakho ukucubungula okujwayelekile kwamalungu omndeni akuvame ukunconywa. Ezimweni ezimbalwa kakhulu lapho kunomlando omkhulu womndeni we-tumors zengqondo noma izifo ezithile ze-genetic, ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic kungase kunconywe. Eziningi zezikhathi zenzeka ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuqondile kwe-genetic, ngakho amalungu omndeni wakho awanayo ingozi enkulu ngoba une-glioblastoma.