Glioblastoma

IGlioblastoma uhlobo lolwempilo oluqala kumaseli okuthiwa yi-astrocytes asekelayo amaseli ezinzwa. Lingakha ebuchosheni noma ohlangothini lwamathambo. IGlioblastoma uhlobo lolwempilo oluqala njengokukhula kwamaseli ebuchosheni noma ohlangothini lwamathambo. Lukhula ngokushesha futhi lungahlasela futhi lonakalise izicubu eziphilile. IGlioblastoma yakhiwa amaseli okuthiwa yi-astrocytes asekelayo amaseli ezinzwa.

IGlioblastoma ingahle ibe khona kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Kodwa-ke, ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Izimpawu zeGlioblastoma zingafaka izingcindezi eziqhubeka zibe zimbi, isicanucanu nokugabha, ukubona okungacaceki noma okubili, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukuzwelwa okuguqukile, kanye nokuhlupheka. Kungase kube khona nobunzima nokujwayelekile, ukuhambisana, nokuhambisa izingxenye zobuso noma umzimba.

Alukho ukwelashwa kweGlioblastoma. Ukwelashwa kungase kucolise ukukhula komdlavuza futhi kunciphisa izimpawu.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zeglioblastoma zingafaka: Ihlungu leqhwa, ikakhulukazi elibuhlungu kakhulu ekuseni. Ukupukelela nokugabha. Ukudideka noma ukwehla kokusebenza kobuchopho, njengobunzima bokucabanga nokuqonda ulwazi. Ukukhohlwa. Ukushintsha komuntu noma ukuqwasha. Ukushintsha kobona, njengokubona okuphazamisekile, ukubona okubili noma ukulahleka kobona emaphethelweni. Ubunzima bokukhuluma. Ubunzima nokuqondana noma ukuhlanganiswa. Ubuthakathaka bemisipha ebusweni, ezingalweni noma emilenzeni. Ukunciphisa ukuzwa kokuthinta. Ukuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi kumuntu ongake waba nakho ngaphambili. Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uma unezimpawu noma izimpawu ezikukhathazayo.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uma unezimpawu noma izimpawu ezikukhathazayo.

Imbangela yeningi le-glioblastomas ayaziwa. I-Glioblastoma kwenzeka lapho amaseli ebuchosheni noma emithanjeni yomgogodla ehlanganisa ukushintsha kwe-DNA yawo. Abachwepheshe bezempilo ngezinye izikhathi babiza lezi zinguquko ngokuthi ukuguqulwa noma ukwahluka. I-DNA yeselula igcina imiyalo eyalela iseli ukuthi yenze ini. Kumaseli aphilile, i-DNA inikeza imiyalo yokukhula nokukhulisa ngesivinini esibekiwe. Imiyalo iyalela amaseli ukuthi afe ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Kumaseli e-kansa, ukushintsha kwe-DNA kunikeza imiyalo ehlukile. Ukushintsha kutshela amaseli e-kansa ukwenza amaseli amaningi ngokushesha. Amaseli e-kansa angaqhubeka ephila lapho amaseli aphilile efa. Lokhu kubangela amaseli amaningi kakhulu. Amaseli e-kansa akha iqhwa elibizwa ngokuthi i-tumor. I-tumor ingakhula ukucindezela izinzwa eziseduze nezingxenye zobuchopho noma umgogodla. Lokhu kuholela ezimpahleni ze-glioblastoma futhi kungabangela ubunzima. I-tumor ingakhula ukungena nokubhubhisa inyama yomzimba enempilo.

Izimbangela ezingandisa ingozi ye-glioblastoma zihlanganisa:

• Ukuguga. I-Glioblastoma ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke i-glioblastoma ingahlasela noma yimuphi umuntu oneminyaka eminingi noma encane.
• Ukuvezwa emisebeni yobisi. Abantu ababevezwe ohlotsheni oluthile lwobisi oluthi yi-ionizing radiation banengozi enkulu yokuthola i-glioblastoma. Isibonelo se-ionizing radiation yilona lisetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza.
• Izifo eziwumfuzo ezikhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza. Emindenini eminingi, izinguquko ze-DNA ezivela kubazali ziya kubantwana zingandisa ingozi ye-glioblastoma. Izifo eziwumfuzo zingabandakanya i-Lynch syndrome ne-Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kungabona lezi zifo.

Abacwaningi abafumananga lutho ongalwenza ukuvimba i-glioblastoma.

Izivivinyo nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ekutholeni i-glioblastoma zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa. Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa luhlola ukubona, ukuzwa, ukujwayelekile, ukuhlanganiswa, amandla kanye nezinzwa. Izinkinga kwenye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zindawo zingase zinikeze izinkomba ngengxenye yengqondo ethintekayo yi-glioblastoma.
• Izivivinyo zezithombe. Izivivinyo zezithombe zingasiza ukuthola indawo nobukhulu be-glioblastoma. I-MRI yivivinyo lezithombe elisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi uba nokuqothulwa kombala emithanjeni ngaphambi kwe-MRI yakho. Lokhu kusiza ukwenza izithombe ezingcono. Ezinye izivivinyo zezithombe zingafaka i-CT ne-positron emission tomography, okuthiwa futhi yi-PET scan.

Ukususa isampula yethishu ukuze kuhlolwe. I-biopsy inqubo yokususa isampula yethishu ukuze kuhlolwe. Ingenziwa ngenhlanzi ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe ubuyekezo noma ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukususa i-glioblastoma. Isampula ithunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze kuhlolwe. Izivivinyo zingasho ukuthi amangqamuzana ayizinsongo yini noma ngawo amangqamuzana e-glioblastoma.

Izivivinyo ezikhethekile zamangqamuzana e-kansa zingase zinikeze iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana ne-glioblastoma yakho kanye ne-prognosis yakho. Iqembu lisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa.

Ukwelapha i-glioblastoma kungase kuqale ngokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke ukuhlinzwa akuyona njalo ithuba. Ngokwesibonelo, uma i-glioblastoma ikhula ekujuleni kwengqondo, kungase kube yingozi kakhulu ukususa yonke i-cancer. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ezifana nokwelashwa ngomgogodla kanye nokwelashwa nge-chemotherapy, kungase kunconywe njengokwelashwa kokuqala.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kuwe zizoxhomeka esimweni sakho esithile. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo licabanga ngobukhulu be-glioblastoma nokuthi lisephi indawo engqondweni. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha luxhomekeke futhi empilweni yakho kanye nezifiso zakho.

Izindlela zokwelapha i-glioblastoma zihlanganisa:

Udokotela we-neurology, owaziwa nangokuthi yi-neurosurgeon, usebenza ukuze asuse ingxenye enkulu ye-cancer ngangokunokwenzeka. I-Glioblastoma ivame ukukhula ezingxenyeni ze-brain ezempilo, ngakho-ke kungase kungenzeki ukususa wonke amaseli e-cancer. Abantu abaningi banokwelashwa okunye ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze babulale amaseli e-cancer asaleyo.

Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kuphatha i-cancer ngemisebe yamandla. Amandla angase avela emithonjeni efana ne-X-rays kanye ne-protons. Phakathi nokwelashwa ngomgogodla, ulele etafuleni ngenkathi umshini uhamba-hamba ngawe. Umshini uqondisa imigogodla ezintweni ezithile engqondweni yakho.

Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kuvame ukunconywa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kubulale noma yimaphi amaseli e-cancer asaleyo. Kungase kuhlanganiswe ne-chemotherapy. Kubantu abangenakwenza ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kanye ne-chemotherapy kungase kube yindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha.

I-Chemotherapy iphetha i-cancer ngemithi enamandla. Imithi ye-chemotherapy ethathwa njengephilisi ivame ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa futhi ngesikhathi nangemuva kokwelashwa ngomgogodla. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-chemotherapy ezinikezwa ngomqondo kungase kube yindlela yokwelapha i-glioblastoma ebuyayo.

Ngesinye isikhathi ama-wafers amancane, ahlangene, aphethe imithi ye-chemotherapy angase afakwe engqondweni ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ama-wafers ahlala ehlala kancane, ekhipha imithi ukuze abulale amaseli e-cancer.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Tumor treating fields, okuthiwa yi-TTF, kuyindlela yokwelapha esebenzisa amandla kagesi ukuze yonakalise amaseli e-glioblastoma. I-TTF yenza kube nzima kumaseli ukwanda.

Phakathi nale ndlela yokwelapha, ama-pads anamathelayo anqunywe ekhanda. Kungase kudingeke ukukrazula ikhanda lakho ukuze ama-pads akwazi ukunamathela. Izingcingo zixhuma ama-pads kudivayisi ephathekayo. Idivayisi yenza insimu yamandla kagesi eyonakalisa amaseli e-glioblastoma.

I-TTF isebenza ne-chemotherapy. Kungase kunconywe ngemuva kokwelashwa ngomgogodla.

Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kubhekene nemithi ehlasela amakhemikhali athile kumaseli e-cancer. Ngokuvimba lawa makhemikhali, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kungabangela ukufa kwamaseli e-cancer.

Amaseli akho e-glioblastoma angase avivinywe ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kungase kukusize. Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa uma i-glioblastoma ingasuswa ngokuphelele. Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kungase futhi kusetshenziswe i-glioblastoma ebuya ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Izivivinyo zeklinikhi yizifundo zezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha. Lezi zifundo zinikeza ithuba lokuzama izindlela zokwelapha zakamuva. Ingozi yemiphumela emibi ingase ingaziwa. Buza ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo uma ungase ukwazi ukuba kuvivinyweni leklinikhi.

Uma i-glioblastoma yakho ibangele izimpawu, ungase udinga imithi ukuze ukhululeke. Imithi oyidingayo ixhomeke esimweni sakho. Izindlela zingase zihlanganise:

• Imithi yokulawula ukubamba.
• Imithi ye-steroid yokunciphisa ukukhula kwengqondo.
• Imithi yokusiza nge-headaches.

Ukukhathalela okuthuthukisayo kuyiluhlobo oluhlukile lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olusiza umuntu onenkinga enzima yempilo ukuthi azizwe kangcono. Uma une-cancer, ukunakekelwa okuthuthukisayo kungasiza ekuqedeni ubuhlungu nezinye izimpawu. Iqembu lokukhathalela kwezempilo elingase lihlanganise odokotela, abahlengikazi kanye nezinye izisebenzi zezempilo eziqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile linikeza ukunakekelwa okuthuthukisayo. Umgomo weqembu lokukhathalela ukulungisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho neyosapho lwakho.

Ochwepheshe bokukhathalela okuthuthukisayo basebenza nawe, nomndeni wakho kanye neqembu lakho lokukhathalela. Banikeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi uthola ukwelashwa kwe-cancer. Ungaba nokukhathalela okuthuthukisayo ngesikhathi uthola ukwelashwa okukhulu kwe-cancer, njengokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy noma ukwelashwa ngomgogodla.

Ukusetshenziswa kokunakekelwa okuthuthukisayo nezinye izindlela zokwelapha kungasiza abantu abane-cancer ukuthi bazizwe kangcono futhi baphile isikhathi eside.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezingezona zezokwelapha azikwazi ukwelapha i-glioblastoma. Kodwa-ke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihlanganisiwe zingase zihlanganiswe nokunakekelwa kweqembu lakho lokukhathalela kwezempilo ukuze zikusize ukubhekana nokwelashwa kwe-cancer kanye nemiphumela emibi, njengokucindezeleka.

Abantu abane-cancer bavame ukuzizwa becindezelekile. Uma ucindezelekile, ungase ube nobunzima bokuphumula futhi uthole ukuthi uhlale ucabanga nge-cancer yakho.

Xoxa ngemizwa yakho neqembu lakho lokukhathalela kwezempilo. Ochwepheshe bangakusiza ukuthi uthole amasu okubhekana nayo. Kwabanye abantu, imithi ingase isize.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezilula ezizokusiza ukuthi uzizwe kangcono zihlanganisa:

• Ukwelashwa nge-Art.
• Ukuzivocavoca.
• Ukwelashwa nge-massage.
• Ukucamngca.
• Ukwelashwa ngomculo.
• Ukuzivocavoca kokupumula.
• Ubukhulu.

Xoxa neqembu lakho lokukhathalela kwezempilo uma unesithakazelo kulezi zindlela zokwelapha.

Ngesikhathi, uzothola okuzokusiza ukubhekana nokungabaza nokukhathazeka kokuxilongwa kwe-cancer. Kuze kube yilapho, ungase uthole ukuthi kusiza ukuba:

Buza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela kwezempilo mayelana ne-cancer yakho, kufaka phakathi imiphumela yokuhlola kwakho, izindlela zokwelapha kanye, uma uthanda, i-prognosis yakho. Njengoba ufunda okwengeziwe mayelana ne-glioblastoma, ungase ube nesibindi ekwenzeni izinqumo zokwelapha.

Ukugcina ubuhlobo bakho obuseduze buqinile kungakusiza ukubhekana ne-glioblastoma. Abangane nomndeni bangakunikeza ukwesekwa okuwusizo ongase ukudinge, njengokusiza ukunakekela ikhaya lakho uma usesibhedlela. Futhi bangakhonza njengokwesekwa ngokomzwelo uma uzizwa ukhulu ngokuba ne-cancer.

Tholakala umuntu oziqhenya ngokukuzwela uxoxa ngethemba lakho nokukhathazeka kwakho. Lokhu kungase kube umngane noma ilungu lomndeni. Ukukhathalela nokuqonda komxhumanisi, umsebenzi wokuxhumana kwezokwelapha, ilungu le-clergy noma iqembu lokusekela i-cancer kungase futhi kusize.

Buza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela kwezempilo mayelana namaqembu okusekela endaweni yakho. Ezinye imithombo yolwazi ihlanganisa i-National Cancer Institute ne-American Cancer Society.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzothola okuzokusiza ukuba ubhekane nokungabaza nokukhathazeka kokuxilongwa kansa. Kuthi kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ungase uthole ukuthi kusiza ukuba: Ufunde okwanele mayelana ne-glioblastoma ukuze wenze izinqumo mayelana nokuphathwa kwakho Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nekansa yakho, kufaka phakathi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, futhi, uma uthanda, isiprognosi sakho. Njengoba ufunda okwengeziwe mayelana ne-glioblastoma, ungase ube nesibindi ngokwengeziwe ekwenzeni izinqumo zokwelashwa. Gcina abangane nomndeni eduze Ukugcina ubuhlobo bakho obuseduze buqinile kungakusiza ukuba ubhekane ne-glioblastoma. Abangane nomndeni bangakunikeza ukwesekwa okuwusizo ongabekudingayo, njengokusiza ukunakekela ikhaya lakho uma usesibhedlela. Futhi bangakhonza njengokusekela ngokomzwelo uma uzizwa ukhuluphala ngokuba nekansa. Thola umuntu okukhuluma naye Thola umuntu oziqhenya ukukuzazela ukukhuluma ngethemba lakho nokukhathazeka kwakho. Lokhu kungaba umngane noma ilungu lomndeni. Ukukhathalela nokuqonda komxhumanisi, umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle zezokwelapha, ilungu lekilasi noma iqembu lokusekela ikansa kungase futhi kusize. Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana namaqembu okusekela endaweni yakho. Ezinye imithombo yolwazi ihlanganisa i-National Cancer Institute ne-American Cancer Society.