Umglioma yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-glioma uhlobo lwe-tumor yengqondo evela kumaseli e-glial, okuyi-seli ezisekelayo ezizungezile futhi zivikele amaseli ezinzwa engqondweni yakho. Cabanga ngamaseli e-glial njengabasebenzi 'abaxhasayo' bengqondo abasiza ama-neurons ukuba enze umsebenzi wawo kahle.

Lezi tumors zingaba zihlukahlukene kusuka ezinye ezikhula kancane ezingathatha iminyaka ukubangela izimpawu ezibonakalayo, kuya ezinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo. Nakuba ukuzwa ukuthi 'i-tumor yengqondo' kungase kubangele ukukhathazeka, ama-gliomas amaningi aphatheka, futhi intuthuko ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imiphumela yabagula.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-glioma?

Izimpawu ze-glioma zivame ukuvela kancane kancane futhi zingase zibe lula ukuzidela ekuqaleni. Izimpawu ezithile ongazihlangabezana nazo ziyahluka kuye ngokuthi i-tumor ikude kuphi engqondweni yakho nokuthi ikhulu kangakanani.

Nawa izimpawu ezivamile abantu abazibonayo:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala njalo obuningi bube mubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ekuseni
• Ukuhlupheka, okungase kube yisibonakaliso sokuqala kwabaningi
• Ukushintsha komuntu siqu, isimo sengqondo, noma ukuziphatha abanye abakubona
• Ubunzima bokukhumbula, ukugxila, noma ukucabanga ngokucacile
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungabi namandla ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma, njengokukhuluma okuqengqelekayo noma ubunzima bokuthola amagama afanele
• Ukushintsha kokubona, kufaka phakathi ukubona okuphazamisekile noma okubili
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela noma ubunzima bokuhamba
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha, ikakhulukazi ekuseni

Izimpawu ezingavamile zingafaka ukushintsha kokuzwa, ubunzima bokuginya, noma izinkinga zokuxhumanisa. Lezi zimpawu zingase zithuthuke kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma zivele ngokushesha, kuye ngesivinini sokukhula kwe-tumor nendawo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingaba nezizathu eziningi ngaphandle kwama-gliomas. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nezinye zalezi zimpawu ndawonye noma ziya mbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-glioma?

Ama-Gliomas ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ekutheni uhlobo luni lwe-seli ye-glial oluvela kulo nokuthi inamandla kangakanani. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu yomuntu ngamunye.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Ama-Astrocytomas: Lawo avela kumaseli anefomu lesithombe sezinkanyezi ebizwa ngama-astrocytes futhi yilona uhlobo oluvamile lwe-glioma
• Ama-Oligodendrogliomas: Lawo avela kumaseli akhiqiza ukumbozwa okuvikelayo ezinzwini zezinzwa
• Ama-Ependymomas: Lawo akhiwa kumaseli ahlanganisa izindawo ezigcwele uketshezi engqondweni yakho
• Ama-gliomas ahlanganisiwe: Lawo anamaseli e-glial angaphezu kolunye uhlobo

Odokotela futhi baqapha ama-gliomas kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-4 ngokusekelwe ekutheni amaseli abonakala kanjani ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Ama-gliomas ezinga 1 no-2 abhekwa njengengqondo ephansi futhi avame ukukhula kancane. Ama-gliomas ezinga 3 no-4 aphezulu futhi akhula ngokushesha, adinga ukwelashwa okunamandla.

Uhlobo olunamandla kakhulu yi-glioblastoma, okuyi-astrocytoma yezinga 4. Nakuba leli bhekwa njengokwesabisayo, ukwelashwa okusha kuqhubeka nokwenziwa, futhi abantu abaningi baphila impilo enenjongo ngisho nalapho benama-gliomas aphezulu.

Iyini imbangela ye-glioma?

Imbangela eqondile yama-gliomas amaningi ayaziwa, okungase kube yinto ecasulayo uma ufuna izimpendulo. Lokho esikwaziyo ukuthi ama-gliomas avela lapho amaseli e-glial ajwayelekile ehlangabezana nezinguquko ze-genetic ezibangela ukukhula okungenakulawuleka.

Izici eziningi zingase zifake isandla kulezi zinguquko ze-genetic:

• Ukukhishwa kwengqondo ngaphambili, nakuba lokhu kubalwa kuphela ingxenye encane yezimo
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic ezingavamile, njenge-neurofibromatosis noma i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• Ubudala, njengoba ama-gliomas eba avame kakhulu njengoba sikhulile
• Ubulili, ngezinye izinhlobo ezivela kancane kubantu besilisa noma besifazane

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, ama-gliomas awabangelwa yilutho oluwenzile noma awenzanga. Awukhuthazeki, futhi ngokuvamile awadluli emindenini ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona i-syndrome ye-genetic engavamile ehilelekile.

Ngokuphambene nezinye izinkathazo ongazizwile, asikho ubufakazi obunamandla besayensi obuxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwefoni, ukulimala ekhanda, noma izici zokudla ekukhuleni kwe-glioma. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka kulezi zindawo, kodwa ubufakazi obukhona abuxhasi lezi zixhumanisi.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngezimpawu ze-glioma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zezinzwa ezihlala njalo noma ezimbi, ikakhulukazi uma ziyaphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Themba izinzwa zakho mayelana nokushintsha emzimbeni wakho nengqondweni.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ukuhlupheka kwakho kokuqala, ikakhulukazi uma ungumuntu omdala ongenalo umlando wokuhlupheka
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu obuhlukile ebuhlungwini bekhanda bakho oluvamile
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungabi namandla ngokuzumayo ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho
• Ukushintsha okukhulu kokubona noma ukukhuluma
• Ukuphazamiseka noma ubunzima bokucabanga obuya mbi

Shaya izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma unebuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu obuqala ngokuzumayo, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, noma ukuhlupheka okuphela ngaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu. Lokhu kungase kubonise isimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo esidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Khumbula, ubuhlungu bekhanda obuningi nezibonakaliso zezinzwa azibangelwa yi-tumor yengqondo. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kungcono ukuba izimpawu ezicasulayo ziqondiswe ochwepheshe bezempilo abangahlola isimo sakho ngokufanele.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-glioma?

Ukuqonda izici ezingozi kungakusiza ubeke ukukhathazeka kwakho endaweni efanele, nakuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nezici ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzophula i-glioma. Abantu abaningi abanazo izici ezingozi abazitholi i-tumor yengqondo, kanti abanye abangenazo izici ezingozi ezaziwayo bayazithola.

Izici ezingozi ezaziwayo zifaka:

• Ubudala: Ama-gliomas amaningi avela kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-45-65, nakuba angase avele kunoma yimuphi ubudala
• Ubulili: Ama-Glioblastomas avame kakhulu kubantu besilisa, kanti ama-meningiomas avame kakhulu kubantu besifazane
• Uhlanga: Ama-Gliomas avame kakhulu kubantu abamhlophe
• Ukuphathwa ngaphambili kwe-radiation therapy ekhanda noma entanyeni
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic njenge-neurofibromatosis uhlobo 1 noma 2
• Umlando womndeni we-tumor yengqondo, nakuba lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu

Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngezici ezingozi ezingakaqinisekiswa, njengokusetshenziswa kwefoni, ukulimala ekhanda, noma ukukhishwa kwezinto ezithile. Nakuba ucwaningo luyaqhubeka kulezi zindawo, ubufakazi obukhona abumisi uxhumano olucacile.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izici eziningi ezingozi ze-gliomas azilawulwa wena, okusho ukuthi akukho sidingo sokuzizwa unecala noma uzisola uma uthola leli bhekwa.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-glioma?

Izinhlanganisela ze-glioma zingase zihluke kakhulu kuye ngendawo ye-tumor, usayizi, nesivinini sokukhula. Ukuqonda izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke kusiza wena neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuba nilungiselele futhi nibheke izibonakaliso zezexwayiso.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile zingafaka:

• Ukuhlupheka, okungase kuphathwe ngemithi yokulwa nokuhlupheka
• Ukungcindezelwa okwandayo ngaphakathi engqondweni, okubangela ubuhlungu bekhanda nezinkinga zokubona
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungabi namandla ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma nolimi
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula nokucinga
• Ukushintsha komuntu siqu noma ukuziphatha
• Ukulahlekelwa ukubona noma ukuzwa
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela nokuxhumanisa

Izinhlanganisela ezingathi sína zingafaka ubunzima bokuginya, izinkinga zokuphefumula uma i-tumor ithonya i-brainstem, noma ukwanda okubulalayo kokucindezeleka kwengqondo. Abanye abantu bangase bahlangabezane nezinhlanganisela ezivela ekwelapheni, njengokulimala, ukuphuza igazi, noma imiphumela emibi yemithi.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha eduze ngalezi zinhlanganisela futhi linezindlela zokuphatha eziningi zazo. Izinhlanganisela eziningi zingaphathwa noma umthelela wazo unciphise ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nezinsizakalo zokuvuselela.

I-glioma ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-glioma ngokuvamile kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi, futhi udokotela wakho uzokukhokhela ngasinye. Inqubo iqala ngengxoxo ephelele yezimpawu zakho nokuhlolwa komzimba.

Udokotela wakho uzokuqala ngokuhlolwa kwezinzwa ukuhlola izinzwa zakho, amandla emisipha, ukuxhumanisa, nomsebenzi wengqondo. Lokhu kusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zengqondo yakho ezingase zibe nomthelela.

Izivivinyo eziyinhloko zokuhlola zifaka:

• I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kunikeza izithombe eziningiliziwe zengqondo yakho futhi yilona ivivinyo elibaluleke kakhulu lokuthola ama-gliomas
• I-CT scan: Ngokuvamile isebenziswa ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphuthumayo
• I-PET scan: Ingasiza ukuthola ukuthi i-tumor isebenza kangakanani
• I-Biopsy: I-sample encane yethishu ithathiwe ukuze ubone uhlobo oluqondile nokuqapha kwe-tumor
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kwe-tissue ye-tumor: Lokhu kusiza ukuqondisa izinqumo zokwelapha

I-biopsy ibalulekile ngoba ivumela odokotela ukuthi bahlole amaseli e-tumor ngaphansi komkhiqizo futhi benze ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic. Lolu lwazi lusiza ukuthola uhlobo oluqondile lwe-glioma nendlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu yisimo sakho.

Kuyo yonke le nqubo, iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizochaza yonke i-test nokuthi lifuna ukuthola ini. Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nanoma iyiphi inqubo noma umphumela we-test.

Ukuphathwa kwe-glioma yini?

Ukuphathwa kwe-glioma kuyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi kuncike ezintweni eziningi ezifaka uhlobo lwe-tumor, ukuqapha, indawo, nempilo yakho yonke. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlangana nawe ukwakha uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele isimo sakho esithile.

Izinketho eziyinhloko zokwelapha zifaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Ngokuvamile isinyathelo sokuqala, sihlose ukususa i-tumor eningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuphepha
• I-Radiation therapy: Isebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu ukubulala amaseli e-cancer
• I-Chemotherapy: Imithi ehlose amaseli e-cancer kulo lonke umzimba wakho
• Ukuphathwa okuqondiswe: Imithi emisha ehlasela izici ezithile zamaseli e-cancer
• I-Immunotherapy: Ukwelashwa okusiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukulwa ne-cancer
• Izivivinyo zeklinikhi: Ukufinyelela ekwelapheni okuvivinywayo okungase kube usizo

Ngokuqondene nama-gliomas ezinga ephansi, ukwelashwa kungase kuqale ngokunakekelwa okucophelelayo uma i-tumor incane futhi ayibangeli zimpawu. Lendlela, ebizwa ngokuthi "ukulinda okuqaphayo," ihilela ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-MRI ukuqapha noma yikuphi ukushintsha.

Ama-gliomas aphezulu avame ukudinga ukwelashwa okunamandla, ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, i-radiation, ne-chemotherapy. Ukwelashwa okuvamile kwe-glioblastoma ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlinzwa okulandelelwa yi-radiation therapy nge-chemotherapy ehambisanayo.

Iqembu lakho lokwelapha lizophinde ligxile ekuphatheni izimpawu nokugcina ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Lokhu kungafaka imithi yokulwa nokuhlupheka, ama-steroids ukunciphisa ukukhula kwengqondo, nezinsizakalo zokuvuselela ukukusiza ngokukhuluma, ukuhamba, noma imisebenzi yengqondo.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-glioma?

Ukuphatha izimpawu zakho ekhaya kuyisigaba esibalulekile sohlelo lwakho lonke lokunakekelwa. Ngokusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ungathatha izinyathelo eziningi ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ugcine ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Ukulawula ubuhlungu bekhanda, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze imithi ethile yokulwa nobuhlungu noma amasu okulinganisa isikhathi. Ukugcina idayari yokuhlungu bekhanda kungasiza ukuthola izinto ezibangela nokuqondana ongahlanganyela neqembu lakho lezokwelapha.

Uma uhlangabezana nokuhlupheka, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi yokulwa nokuhlupheka ngokuqondile njengoba kuqokiwe. Dala indawo ephephile ekhaya ngokususa izinto ezibukhali ezindaweni lapho uchitha khona isikhathi futhi ucabange ngokulungisa ukuphepha njengezihlalo zeshawa noma ama-handrails.

Ukuze usekele umsebenzi wakho wengqondo:

• Gcina isikhathi sakho sansuku zonke sihlala njalo
• Sebenzisa ama-calendars, uhlu, nezikhumbuzo ukukusiza ngekhono lokukhumbula
• Thola ubuthongo obanele, njengoba ukhathele kungase kwenze izimpawu zengqondo zibe zimbi
• Hlala uxhumene nabantu bakini nomndeni
• Hlanganyela emisebenzini oyithandayo futhi ekhuthaza ingqondo yakho

Ukhathele kuyinto evamile, ngakho-ke lalela umzimba wakho uphumule uma kudingeka. Ukuzivocavoca okulula, njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho, kungasiza ngamakhono amandla nengqondo. Ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo nokugcina umzimba wakho ugcwele amanzi futhi kusiza impilo yakho yonke.

Unganqikazi ukufinyelela eqenjini lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma izimpawu ziya mbi noma kukhona ukukhathazeka okusha. Bakhona ukukusiza uhambe kule ndlela.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela kungakusiza ukuba wenze kakhulu isikhathi sakho ndawonye futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinkathazo zakho ziqondiswe. Lokhu kulungiselela kuba kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ubhekene nokubhekwa kwe-glioma.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala phansi zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yiba uqondile mayelana nendlela izimpawu eziphazamisa ngayo imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, umsebenzi, noma ubuhlobo.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza:

• Yiluphi uhlobo nokuqapha kwe-glioma enami?
• Ziyini izinketho zami zokwelapha?
• Ziyini imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona yayo yonke ukwelashwa?
• Ukuphathwa kuzithinta kanjani impilo yami yansuku zonke?
• Iyini i-prognosis yami?
• Ingabe kukhona izivivinyo zeklinikhi engingazicabangela?
• Ziyiphi izimpawu ezifanele zingenze ngikubize ngokushesha?

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi, izithasiselo, namavithamini owathathayo. Faka imithamo nokuthi ubathatha kangaki. Letha futhi noma yimaphi amarekhodi ezempilo wangaphambili, izifundo zokuthola izithombe, noma imiphumela ye-test ehlobene nesimo sakho.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni othembekile noma umngani emihlanganweni yakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi, ubuze imibuzo ongayikhumbula, futhi unikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi sezingxoxo ezinzima.

Thatha amanothi ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti yakho noma ubuze uma ungarekhoda ingxoxo. Ulwazi lwezokwelapha lungase lubangele ukukhathazeka, futhi ukuba nerekhodi kukusiza ukuhlola imininingwane ebalulekile kamuva.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-glioma?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde ngama-gliomas ukuthi nakuba emele isimo sezempilo esinzima, intuthuko ekwelapheni iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imiphumela nekhwalithi yempilo yabagula abaningi. Uhambo lomuntu ngamunye olune-glioma luhlukile, futhi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlangana nawe ukwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-glioma akuchazi wena noma akulingani amandla akho okuhlala ngenjongo. Abantu abaningi abanama-gliomas baqhubeka nokusebenza, bagcina ubuhlobo, futhi balandela imisebenzi abayithandayo ngenkathi beqondisa isimo sabo.

Hlala uxhumene neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, buza imibuzo uma udinga incazelo, futhi unganqikazi ukufuna ukwesekwa emindenini, abangane, noma amaqembu wokwesekwa. Ukuphatha i-glioma akunakwenzeka ukuthi uyikwenze wedwa.

Gxila kulokho ongalulawula: ukuthatha imithi njengoba kuqokiwe, ukuya emihlanganweni, ukugcina impilo yakho yonke, nokuxhumana ngokukhululekile neqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Lendlela ikusiza uzizwe unamandla futhi uhileleke ngokusebenzayo ekunakekelweni kwakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana ne-glioma

Q1: Ingabe ama-gliomas ahlala eyi-cancer?

Akuwona wonke ama-gliomas ayi-cancer ngomqondo ovamile. Ama-gliomas ezinga ephansi (izinga 1 no-2) akhula kancane futhi angase angasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kodwa angase asabalele ngokucindezela e-tissue yengqondo. Ama-gliomas aphezulu (izinga 3 no-4) anamandla kakhulu futhi abhekwa njengomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nama-gliomas ezinga ephansi adinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngoba angase aguquke abe yi-tumor ezinga eliphezulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Q2: Ingabe ama-gliomas angaphiliswa ngokuphelele?

Amathuba okuphulukisa kuncike ezintweni eziningi ezifaka uhlobo, ukuqapha, nendawo ye-glioma. Amanye ama-gliomas ezinga ephansi angasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi uma ekule ndawo efinyeleleka. Kodwa-ke, ama-gliomas amaningi aphathwa njengezimo ezingapheli kunokuba aphilise ngokuphelele. Ngisho nalapho kunama-gliomas aphezulu, ukwelashwa kungase kuqhubekise impilo futhi kugcine ikhwalithi yempilo yabagula abaningi.

Q3: Ingabe ngizokwazi ukuqhuba nge-glioma?

Amandla akho okuqhuba kuncike ezimpawu zakho nasekwelapheni. Uma uke wahlupheka, izifundazwe eziningi zidinga isikhathi esingapheli sokuhlupheka ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi ukuqhuba futhi. Udokotela wakho uzohlola umsebenzi wakho wengqondo, ukubona, nesikhathi sakho sokuphendula ukuze ubone ukuthi kuphephile nini ukubuyela ekuqhumeni. Lesi sinqumo siqondisa ukuphepha kwakho nokuphepha kwabanye abantu emigwaqeni.

Q4: Ama-gliomas akhula ngokushesha kangakanani?

Izinga lokukhula liyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo nokuqapha kwe-glioma. Ama-gliomas ezinga ephansi angase akhule kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni, ngezinye izikhathi ebangela izimpawu ezincane ezivela kancane kancane. Ama-gliomas aphezulu, ikakhulukazi ama-glioblastomas, angase akhule ngokushesha ezinyangeni kuya ezinyangeni. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa izifundo zokuthola izithombe ukuqapha izinga lokukhula futhi alungise ukwelashwa ngokufanele.

Q5: Kufanele ngishintshe ukudla kwami ​​ngemva kokuthola i-glioma?

Nakuba ayikho "i-glioma diet" ethile, ukugcina ukudla okuhle kusiza impilo yakho yonke futhi kungakusiza ukuba ubekezelele ukwelashwa kangcono. Gxila ekudleni okulinganiselayo okunezithelo eziningi, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, namaprotheni ahlanzekile. Amanye ukwelashwa kungase kubangele ukuphefumula noma ukushintsha kwesifiso sokudla, ngakho-ke sebenzisana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha noma umhlengikazi obhalisiwe ukulungisa noma yiziphi izinselele zokudla ozibhekana nazo.