Glioma
Uhlolojikelele
IGlioma iwukukhula kwamaseli okuqala ebuchosheni noma ohlangothini lwamathambo. Amaseli e-glioma afana namaseli ebuchosha anempilo okuthiwa amaseli e-glial. Amaseli e-glial ahlala eduze kwamaseli ezinzwa futhi asisize ukusebenza. Njengoba i-glioma ikhula, yakha iqembu lamaseli okuthiwa i-tumor. I-tumor ingakhula icindezele inyama yebhuchosha noma yomgogodla futhi ibe yimbangela yemizimba. Izimpawu ziyahluka kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isigaba sebuchosha noma umgogodla othonyeke. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-glioma. Ezinye zikhula kancane futhi azibhekwa njengomdlavuza. Ezinye zibhekwa njengomdlavuza. Elinye igama lomdlavuza yi-malignant. Ama-glioma ama-malignant akhula ngokushesha futhi angahlasela inyama yebhuchosha enempilo. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-glioma zenzeka kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ezinye zenzeka kakhulu kubantwana. Uhlobo lwe-glioma onalo lusisiza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuqonda ukuthi isimo sakho sibucayi kangakanani nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingasebenza kangcono. Ngokuvamile, izinketho zokwelapha i-glioma zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngomgogodla, i-chemotherapy nezinye.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-glioma ziyahluka kuye ngokuthi i-glioma itholakala kuphi. Izimpawu zingase futhi ziyehluke kuye ngohlobo lwe-glioma, ubukhulu bayo nokuthi ikhula kangakanani. Izimpawu ezivamile nezincazelo ze-gliomas zihlanganisa: Izinhlungu zikhanda, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibuhlungu kakhulu ekuseni. Uvalo nokugabha. Ukudideka noma ukwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo, njengobunzima bokucabanga nokuqonda ulwazi. Ukukhohlwa. Ukushintsha komuntu siqu noma ukuthukuthela. Izinkinga zobuso, njengokubona okungacace, ukubona okubili noma ukulahleka kokubona emaphethelweni. Ubunzima bokukhuluma. Ukuhlinzwa, ikakhulu kumuntu ongake ahlinzwa ngaphambili. Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho uma unezimpawu noma izimpawu ezikukhathazayo.
Isikhathi sokubona udokotela
Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho uma unezimpawu noma izimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Bhalisa mahhala bese uthola izindaba zakamuva mayelana nokuphathwa, ukutholakala nokuhlinzwa kwezifo ze-brain.
Izimbangela
Odokote abanawo uqiniseko lokuthi yini ebangela i-glioma. Iqala lapho amaseli ebuchosheni noma emithanjeni yomgogodla ethuthukisa ukuguquka kwe-DNA yawo. I-DNA yesele inezinkombandlela ezitshela iseli ukuthi yenzani. Ukuguquka kwe-DNA kutshela amaseli ukuba enze amaseli amaningi ngokushesha. Amaseli aqhubeka ephila lapho amaseli aphilile ebekufa khona. Lokhu kubangela amaseli amaningi kakhulu angasebenzi kahle. Amaseli akha iqhwa elibizwa ngokuthi yi-tumor. I-tumor ingakhula ukucindezela izinzwa eziseduze nezingxenye zobuchopho noma umgogodla. Lokhu kuholela ezimpahleni ze-glioma futhi kungabangela ubunzima. Ezinye i-gliomas zithuthukisa ukuguquka okwengeziwe kwe-DNA yazo okubenza babe yimikhakha yengqondo. Ukuguquka kutshela amaseli ukuba ahlase futhi abhubhise ithishu lengqondo enempilo. Ku-glioma, amaseli e-tumor afana namaseli engqondo aphilile abizwa ngamaseli e-glial. Amaseli e-glial ahlanganisa futhi asekele amaseli izinzwa ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni.
Izici eziyingozi
Izinto ezingandisa ingozi ye-glioma zihlanganisa:
- Ukuguga. I-Gliomas ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-45 kuya kwengu-65. Kodwa i-glioma ingahle ibe khona kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Izinhlobo ezithile ze-gliomas zivame kakhulu kubantwana nabantu abadala abasebancane.
- Ukuvezwa ku-radiation. Abantu abaye bavulelwa uhlobo lwe-radiation oluthiwa yi-ionizing radiation banengozi enkulu ye-glioma. Isibonelo esisodwa se-ionizing radiation yi-radiation therapy esetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza.
- Ukuba nomlando womndeni we-glioma. I-Glioma ingadlulela emindenini, kodwa lokhu kuyinqaba kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuqonda ukuthi abazali bangadlulisela yini ingozi ye-glioma kubantwana babo.
Abacwaningi abafumananga lutho ongalwenza ukuvimba i-glioma.
Ukuxilongwa
Izithombe ze-Brain tumor
Amathethhu nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ukuthola i-glioma afaka:
- Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola amazinga akho nekhono lengqondo. Ukuhlolwa kwezonyango kuhilela ukuhlola umbono wakho, ukuzwa, ibhalansi, ukuhlanganiswa, amandla kanye ne-reflexes. Uma kunenkinga ngomsebenzi othile, kungaba yisibonakaliso sokuthi kungaba khona i-brain tumor.
- Inqubo yokuthola isampula yethishu ukuze ihlolwe. Ngezinye izikhathi inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-biopsy idingeka ukususa ingxenye yethishu ukuze ihlolwe ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa kuqale. Isetshenziswa lapho ukuhlinzwa kungeyona inketho yokususa i-brain tumor. Uma uzokwenza ukuhlinzwa ukususa i-brain tumor yakho, ungase ungadingi i-biopsy ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho.
Ukuthola isampula yethishu, kungase kusetshenziswe i-needle. I-needle iqondiswa yi-imaging tests. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-stereotactic needle biopsy. Phakathi nenqubo, umgodi omncane wenziwa ekhanda. I-needle encane bese ifakwa ngembobo. I-tissue isuswa usebenzisa i-needle bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamathambo e-tumor. Isampula ye-brain tumor ingathunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Isampula ingathathwa enkambweni ye-biopsy. Noma isampula ingathathwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukususa i-glioma.
Isampula ithunyelwa elabhorethri lapho ihlolwa yizidakwa ezikhethekile ekuhlaziyeni igazi nethishu lomzimba. Lezi zidakwa zibizwa ngokuthi yi-pathologists.
Amathethhu elabhorethri angabona ukuthi une-glioma nohlobo luni olulokhu. Amanye amathethhu angabonisa ukuthi amaseli e-glioma akhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Amathethhu athuthukile abheka ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ze-DNA ezikhona kumaseli e-glioma. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa iyasiza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwakho nokwenza uhlelo lokwelapha.
Amathethhu okwenza izithombe zengqondo.** Amathethhu e-imaging adala izithombe zengqondo yakho ukubuka izimpawu ze-brain tumor. I-MRI yiyona test ye-imaging esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi uba nokuqhafaza kombala emithanjeni ngaphambi kwe-MRI yakho. Lokhu kusiza ukwenza izithombe ezingcono.
Amathethhu e-imaging amanye angafaka i-CT ne-positron emission tomography, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-PET scan.
Inqubo yokuthola isampula yethishu ukuze ihlolwe. Ngezinye izikhathi inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-biopsy idingeka ukususa ingxenye yethishu ukuze ihlolwe ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa kuqale. Isetshenziswa lapho ukuhlinzwa kungeyona inketho yokususa i-brain tumor. Uma uzokwenza ukuhlinzwa ukususa i-brain tumor yakho, ungase ungadingi i-biopsy ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho.
Ukuthola isampula yethishu, kungase kusetshenziswe i-needle. I-needle iqondiswa yi-imaging tests. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-stereotactic needle biopsy. Phakathi nenqubo, umgodi omncane wenziwa ekhanda. I-needle encane bese ifakwa ngembobo. I-tissue isuswa usebenzisa i-needle bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwamathambo e-tumor. Isampula ye-brain tumor ingathunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Isampula ingathathwa enkambweni ye-biopsy. Noma isampula ingathathwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukususa i-glioma.
Isampula ithunyelwa elabhorethri lapho ihlolwa yizidakwa ezikhethekile ekuhlaziyeni igazi nethishu lomzimba. Lezi zidakwa zibizwa ngokuthi yi-pathologists.
Amathethhu elabhorethri angabona ukuthi une-glioma nohlobo luni olulokhu. Amanye amathethhu angabonisa ukuthi amaseli e-glioma akhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Amathethhu athuthukile abheka ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ze-DNA ezikhona kumaseli e-glioma. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa iyasiza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwakho nokwenza uhlelo lokwelapha.
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelapha i-glioma kuqala ngokuvamile ngokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke ukuhlinzwa akuyona njalo indlela. Ngokwesibonelo, uma i-glioma ikhula iye ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zobuchopho, kungaba yingozi kakhulu ukususa yonke i-glioma. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ezifana nokwelashwa ngomgogodla kanye ne-chemotherapy, zingase zinconywe njengokwelapha kokuqala.
Izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kuwe zizoxhomeka esimweni sakho esithile. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo licabanga ngohlobo lwe-glioma, ubukhulu bayo nokuthi ikuphi ebuchophweni. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha luxhomekeke futhi empilweni yakho kanye nezifiso zakho.
Uma i-glioma yakho ibakela izimpawu, ungase udinga imithi ukuze ukhululeke. Imithi oyidingayo ixhomeke esimweni sakho. Izindlela zingafaka:
- Imithi yokulawula ukuhlushwa.
- Imithi ye-steroid yokunciphisa ukukhula kobuchopho.
- Imithi yokuthuthukisa ukulala uma unesikhathi eside sokuphelelwa amandla.
- Imithi yokusiza ngezinkinga zokucabanga nokukhumbula.
Ukuphathwa kwe-glioma kuqala ngokuvamile ngokuhlinzwa kokususa i-glioma. Ukuhlinzwa kungaba yikuphela kokwelapha okudingekayo uma yonke i-glioma isusiwe.
Ngezinye izikhathi i-glioma ayikwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele. Udokotela ophethe ukuhlinzwa angase asuse ingxenye enkulu ye-glioma ngangokunokwenzeka. Le nqubo ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-subtotal resection. Kungase kudingeke uma i-glioma ingakwazi ukwahlukaniswa kalula eziseleni zobuchopho oluphilile. Kungenzeka futhi uma i-glioma ikulesi sigaba esibuhlungu sobuchopho. Ngisho nokukhipha ingxenye yomdlavuza kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu zakho.
Ukuhlinzwa kokususa i-glioma kuza nezingozi. Lezi zifaka ukutheleleka nokuphuza igazi. Ezinye izingozi zingase zixhomeke engxenyeni yobuchopho bakho lapho umdlavuza wakho ukhona. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza oseduze nezinzwa ezihlanganisa amehlo akho kungase kube nengozi yokulahlekelwa umbono.
Umgogodla usebenzisa imisebe yamandla amakhulu ukubulala amakhemikhali omdlavuza. Amandla angase avela kuma-X-rays, amaprotoni noma ezinye imithombo.
Ekwelapheni i-glioma, ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Umgogodla ubulala noma yimaphi amaseli e-glioma angase asele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Umgogodla uhlanganiswa kaningi ne-chemotherapy.
Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kungaba ukwelapha kokuqala kwe-glioma uma ukuhlinzwa kungeyona indlela.
Phakathi nokuphathwa ngomgogodla, ulela etafuleni ngenkathi umshini uqondisa imisebe yamandla ezintweni ezithile ekhanda lakho. Imisebe ihlelwe ngokucophelela ukuletha inani eliqondile lomgogodla kwi-glioma. Isimiso esivamile sokwelashwa ngomgogodla ukwelashwa izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto amasonto ambalwa.
Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngomgogodla ixhomeke ohlotsheni noluningi lomgogodla owutholayo. Imiphumela emibi evamile eyenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngokushesha ngemuva komgogodla ihlanganisa ukukhathala, ukucasuka kwekhanda nokulahlekelwa izinwele.
I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi ukubulala amakhemikhali omdlavuza. Imithi ye-chemotherapy ngokuvamile ithathwa ngendlela yethipile noma ifakwe emithanjeni. Kwizimo ezithile, i-chemotherapy ingafakwa ngqo kumaseli e-glioma.
I-Chemotherapy ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nokuphathwa ngomgogodla ukwelapha i-gliomas.
Imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy ixhomeke ohlotsheni noluningi lwemiithi oyitholayo. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa isicanucanu nokugabha, ukulahlekelwa izinwele, ukushisa nokuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu. Ezinye izimpawu ezingathandeki zingaphathwa ngemithi.
Ukuphathwa kwama-tumor treating fields therapy kuyindlela yokwelapha esebenzisa amandla kagesi ukulimaza amaseli e-glioma. Ukwelashwa kwenza kube nzima kumaseli ukwenza amaseli amasha e-glioma.
Ukuphathwa kwama-tumor treating fields therapy kusetshenziswa ukwelapha uhlobo olukhulu lwe-glioma oluthiwa i-glioblastoma. Lokhu kuphathwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-chemotherapy.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokwelapha, ama-pads anamathelayo anqunywe ekhanda. Ungase udinga ukuhlwitha ikhanda lakho ukuze ama-pads anamathele. Izingcingo zihlanganisa ama-pads kudivayisi ephathekayo. Idivayisi yenza insimu yamandla kagesi elilimaza amaseli e-glioma.
Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwama-tumor treating fields therapy ihlanganisa ukucasuka kwesikhumba lapho ama-pads afakwe khona ekhanda.
Izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiswe kubantu ziqondisa izinto ezithile ezikhona ngaphakathi kwamakhemikhali omdlavuza. Ngokuvimba lezi zinto, izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiswe kubantu zingabangela ukufa kwamakhemikhali omdlavuza.
Amaseli akho e-glioma angase avivinywe ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kubantu kungakusiza yini. Kuma-gliomas akhula kancane, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kubantu ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa uma i-glioma ingakwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele. Kweminye i-gliomas, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kubantu kungaba yindlela uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha azisebenzi.
Imiphumela emibi ixhomeke emithini esetshenzisiwe kanye noluningi olunikezwe.
Ukuphathwa komzimba ngemuva kokwelapha i-glioma kungakusiza ukubuyisela amakhono okuhamba alahlekile noma amandla emisipha.
I-Glioma nokuphathwa kwe-glioma kungalimaza izingxenye zobuchopho ezikusiza ukuhambisa umzimba wakho nokulawula ukucabanga kwakho. Ngemuva kokwelapha ungase udinga usizo lokubuyisela ikhono lakho lokuhamba, ukukhuluma, ukubona nokucabanga ngokucacile. Izindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza zihlanganisa:
- Ukuphathwa komzimba, okungakusiza ukubuyisela amakhono okuhamba alahlekile noma amandla emisipha.
- Ukuphathwa komsebenzi, okungakusiza ukubuyela emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi, ngemuva komdlavuza wobuchopho noma ezinye izifo.
- Ukuphathwa kokukhuluma, okungakusiza uma kunzima ukukhuluma.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kwabantwana abafunda esikoleni, okungasiza abantwana ukuba babhekane nezinguquko ekukhumuleni nasekucabangeni ngemuva komdlavuza wobuchopho.
Ucwaningo oluncane luye lwenziwa ekuwelapheni i-glioma okusekelayo nokungelona oluvamile. Azikho izindlela zokwelapha ezingelona oluvamile ezibonisiwe ukuthi zibulala i-gliomas. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo zingakusiza ukuba ubhekane ne-glioma yakho kanye nokuphathwa kwayo. Izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo zibizwa nangokuthi izindlela zokwelapha ezihlanganisiwe. Zingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo nezindlela zokwelapha ezivamile, ezifana nokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngomgogodla ne-chemotherapy.
Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo uma unesithakazelo ekuzama izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo ezifana:
- Acupuncture.
- Hypnosis.
- Ukucamngca.
- Ukuphathwa ngomculo.
- Ukuzivocavoca kokupumula.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-glioma kungase kube nzima futhi kube ukwesaba. Kungakwenza uzizwe sengathi awunalo igunya empilweni yakho. Kodwa ungathatha izinyathelo zokubhekana nokuthukuthela nobuhlungu obungase bube khona ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwakho. Cabanga ukuzama:
- Funda okwanele mayelana ne-gliomas ukuze wenze izinqumo mayelana nokukhathalelwa kwakho. Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nohlobo lwakho oluthile lomdlavuza wobuchopho, kuhlanganise nezinketho zakho zokwelapha, futhi, uma uthanda, i-prognosis yakho. Njengoba ufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nemidlavuza yobuchopho, ungase ube nokukhathazeka okwengeziwe ekwenzeni izinqumo zokwelapha.
- Gcina abangane nomndeni eduze. Ukugcina ubuhlobo bakho obuseduze buqinile kuzokusiza ukuba ubhekane nomdlavuza wobuchopho. Abangane nomndeni bangakunikeza ukwesekwa okuwusizo, njengokusiza ukunakekela ikhaya lakho uma usesibhedlela. Futhi bangakhonza njengokwesekwa ngokomzwelo uma uzizwa ukhuluphuka umdlavuza.
- Thola umuntu okhuluma naye. Thola umlaleli omuhle ozimisele ukukuzwa ukhuluma ngethemba lakho nokwesaba kwakho. Lokhu kungaba umngane noma ilungu lomndeni. Ukukhathalela nokuqonda komxhumanisi, umsebenzi wokuxhumana kwezokwelapha, ilungu lebandla noma iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza kungase futhi kusize. Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana namaqembu okusekela endaweni yakho. Noma xhumana nabanye online ngamaqembu, njengeNational Brain Tumor Society nabanye.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: I-August iyinkundla yolwazi lwezempilo futhi izimpendulo zayo azihlanganisi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha onelayisensi eduze nawe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiluphi ushintsho.