Hydrocephalus

I-Hydrocephalus ukubunjwa kokugcwala kwamanzi ezindaweni ezingaphakathi ezingaphakathi kwengqondo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-ventricles. Amanzi amaningi andisa usayizi we-ventricles futhi abeka ingcindezi engqondweni. I-Cerebrospinal fluid ivame ukugeleza nge-ventricles futhi igeze ingqondo ne-spinal column. Kepha ingcindezi yamanzi amaningi e-cerebrospinal fluid ingalimaza izicubu zengqondo futhi ibe nomphumela ezinhlwini zezimpawu ezihlobene nomsebenzi wengqondo. I-Hydrocephalus ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kodwa kwenzeka kakhulu kubantwana abasebancane nakubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. Ukuhlinzwa kungabuyisela futhi kugcine amazinga aphilile e-cerebrospinal fluid engqondweni. Izindlela zokwelapha zingaphatha izimpawu ezivela ku-hydrocephalus.

Izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus zingase zihluke ngokobudala. Izimpawu ezivamile ze-hydrocephalus kubasanda kuzalwa zihlanganisa: Ikhanda elikhulu kunokujwayelekile.\nUkukhula okusheshayo komthamo wekhanda lomntwana.\nUkuqhuma noma indawo ebuthakathaka eqinile phezulu kwekhanda.\nUkupukelela nokugabha.\nUkulala kakhulu noma ubuvila, okuyaziwa ngokuthi ukulala.\nUkucasuka.\nUkudla okubi.\nUkuhlushwa yizigwegwe.\nAmeso aqiniswe phansi, okuyaziwa ngokuthi ukushona kwamehlo.\Nezingqinamba ngokuthinta komzimba namandla. Phakathi kwabantwana abancane nabakhulu, izimpawu zingase zihlanganise: Ilukhuni.Ukubona okuphazamisekile noma okubili.\Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungeyona okujwayelekile.\nUkukhula kwekhanda lomntwana omncane.\nUkulala kakhulu noma ubuvila.\nUkupukelela noma ukugabha.\nUbunzima nokuqondana.\nUkubambisana okubi.\nUkudla okubi.\nUkulahlekelwa ukulawula kwesisu noma ukuthamba njalo.\nUkucasuka.\nUkuhluka komuntu siqu.\nUkuwa ekusebenzeni esikoleni.\nUkulibaziseka noma izinkinga ngamakhono atholwe ngaphambili, njengokuhamba noma ukukhuluma. Izimpawu ezivamile kuleli qembu leminyaka zihlanganisa: Ilukhuni.\nUbuvila.\nUkulahlekelwa ukubambisana noma ukuqondana.\nUkulahlekelwa ukulawula kwesisu noma ukudinga ukuthamba njalo.\nIzinkinga zobono.\nUkuwa ekukhumuleni, ukugxila nakwezinye izakhono zokucabanga ezingase zithinte ukusebenza emsebenzini. Phakathi kwabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, izimpawu ezivamile ze-hydrocephalus yilezi: Ukulahlekelwa ukulawula kwesisu noma ukudinga ukuthamba njalo.\nUkulahlekelwa kukhumbulo.\nUkulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezinye izakhono zokucabanga noma zokucabanga.\nUbunzima bokuhamba, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlwitha noma ukuzwa njengokungathi izinyawo zibanjelwe.\nUkubambisana okubi noma ukuqondana. Funani ukunakekelwa kwonyango oluphuthumayo kubasanda kuzalwa nabantwana abancane abanezibonakaliso ezinjengalezi: Ukukhala okuphezulu.\nIzinkinga zokuncela noma ukondla.\nUkugabha okuphindaphindayo okungenangxenye ebonakalayo.\nUkuhlushwa yizigwegwe. Funani ukunakekelwa kwonyango ngokushesha kwezinye izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus kubo bonke ubudala. Isimo esingaphezu kwesisodwa singabangela izinkinga ezihlotshaniswa ne-hydrocephalus. Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi nokunakekelwa okufanele.

Funani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha kubantwana abasebancane nabasakhula abanalezi zimpawu:

• Ukukhala okuzwakala kakhulu.
• Izinkinga zokubamba noma ukudla.
• Ukugabha okuphindaphindayo okungenangqondo.
• Ukuhlanza. Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngezinye izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus kubo bonke ubudala. Isimo esingaphezu kwesisodwa singabangela izinkinga ezihambisana ne-hydrocephalus. Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi nokunakekelwa okufanele.

Ubuchopho bakho buqhekeza emanzini e-cerebrospinal fluid. Le nsipho iphinde igcwalise izakhiwo ezinkulu ezingavaliwe, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricles, aselele ngaphakathi ebuchopho bakho. Ama-ventricles agcwele i-fluid asisiza ukugcina ubuchopho buqhekeke futhi buvikelekile.

I-Hydrocephalus ibangelwa ukungalingani phakathi kokuthi kukhiqizwa kangakanani i-cerebrospinal fluid nokuthi iyanyamalala kangakanani egazini.

Amatishu ahlanganisa ama-ventricles ebuchopho akhiqiza i-cerebrospinal fluid. Igeleza ngama-ventricles ngezindlela. Ekugcineni le nsipho igeleza ezindaweni ezizungezile ubuchopho ne-spinal column. Iyanyamalala ikakhulukazi ngemithambo yegazi ematishwini aphezu kobuchopho.

I-Cerebrospinal fluid idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kobuchopho ngokuthi:

• Ivumela ubuchopho obukhulu ukuba buqhekeze ngaphakathi engqondweni.
• Ivikela ubuchopho ukuvimbela ukulimala.
• Susa imikhiqizo yokuphumula kwemisebenzi yemvelo yobuchopho.

Ukuba ne-cerebrospinal fluid eningi kakhulu kuma-ventricles kungenzeka ngenxa yesizathu esisodwa salandelayo:

• Ukuvinjelwa. Ukuvinjelwa okungaphelele kokugeleza kwe-cerebrospinal fluid yisizathu esivamile sokuba ne-cerebrospinal fluid eningi kakhulu kuma-ventricles. Ukuvinjelwa kungase kwenzeke kusuka kwenye i-ventricle kuya kwenye noma kusuka kuma-ventricles kuya kwezinye izindawo ezizungezile ubuchopho.
• Ukungeni kahle. Akukuvamile ukuba kube khona inkinga yokungenisa i-cerebrospinal fluid. Lokhu kuvame ukuxhumene nokuvuvukala kwamathishu ebuchopho okuvela ekuguleni noma ekulimaleni.
• Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu. Ngokuqondile, i-cerebrospinal fluid yakhiqizwa ngokushesha kunokuba inganyamalala.

Isikhathi esiningi, imbangela ye-hydrocephalus ayaziwa. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa noma zezokwelapha zingase zifake isandla noma ziqalise i-hydrocephalus.

I-Hydrocephalus ingase ibe khona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngaphambi kokuzalwa, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-hydrocephalus yokuqala. Noma ingase ibonakale ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. Noma yikuphi okuqhubekayo okulandelayo kungabangela i-hydrocephalus kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa:

-Uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi lwathuthukiswa ngendlela evikela ukugeleza kwe-cerebrospinal fluid. -Kukho ukopha emakhameni. Lokhu kuyinkinga engenzeka yokuzelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. -Kwakukhona ukutheleleka esibelethweni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njenge-rubella noma i-syphilis. Ukutheleleka kungabangela ukukhula kwamaseli ebuchosheni bomntwana ongazalwanga.

Ezinye izinto ezingafaka isandla kwi-hydrocephalus phakathi kwanoma yiliphi iqembu leminyaka zihlanganisa:

-Ukuqhuma kwemithambo yengqondo noma yomgogodla. -Ukutheleleka kohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi, njenge-bacterial meningitis noma i-mumps. -Ukopha ebuchosheni ngenxa yesifo sokuqhaqhazela noma ukulimala kwekhanda. -Ezinye izikhathi zokulimalala ebuchosheni.

Emasimini amaningi, i-hydrocephalus iyaqina. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-hydrocephalus iholela ezingxakini. Iingxaki zingabandakanya ubunzima bokufunda okanye ukukhubazeka kokukhula nokuqina komzimba. Iingxaki zalesi simo zingabangela nokufa. Uma i-hydrocephalus ilukhuni futhi ilapheka, kungase kube khona iingxaki ezimbalwa, uma kukhona, ezinkulu.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hydrocephalus kuvame ukusekelwe ku:

• Izimpawu zakho.
• Ukuhlolwa komzimba jikelele.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa.
• Izivivinyo zokwenza izithombe zobuchopho.

Uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwezinzwa kuncike ebudaleni bomuntu. Isisebenzi sezeMpilo singase sibuze imibuzo futhi senze izivivinyo ezilula ukuze sahlulele isimo samathambo, ukuhamba, impilo nokuqonda kwamandla ezinzwa.

Izivivinyo zokwenza izithombe zingasiza ekuxilongweni kwe-hydrocephalus. Zingase futhi zibonise izimbangela eziyisisekelo zezimpawu. Izivivinyo zokwenza izithombe zihlanganisa:

• I-Ultrasound. Lo mvivinyo uvame ukuba yilowo wokuqala kubantwana abasebancane ngoba ilula, inqubo engazihluphi. Idivayisi ye-ultrasound ibekwa phezu kwendawo ebushelelezi phezulu kwekhanda lomntwana. I-ultrasound ingase futhi ithole i-hydrocephalus ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokukhulelwa.
• I-MRI. Lo mvivinyo usebenzisa amaza omsakazo nensimu yamagnethi ukukhiqiza izithombe eziningi zobuchopho. Lo mvivinyo awubuhlungu, kodwa unekhono futhi udinga ukuqina.

I-MRI scans ingabonisa ama-ventricles amakhulu abangelwa yi-cerebrospinal fluid engaphezulu. I-MRI ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthola izimbangela ze-hydrocephalus noma ezinye izimo ezifaka isandla ezimpawu.

Abantwana bangase badinge imithi ebasiza ukuthi bazizwe bezolile, okuyaziwa ngokuthi ukulala okulula, kwezinye i-MRI scans. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izibhedlela zisebenzisa inguqulo esheshayo ye-MRI evame ukungadingi ukulala.

• I-CT scan. Le teknoloji ekhethekile ye-X-ray ikhiqiza imibono yesigaba sobuchopho. Ukukopisha akubuhlungu futhi kuyashesha. Kodwa lo mvivinyo udinga futhi ukuqina, ngakho-ke umntwana uthola imithi yokulala okulula.

I-CT scans ibonisa imininingwane engaphansi kune-MRI scans. Futhi iteknoloji ye-CT ibangela ukukhishwa komthamo omncane wokushisa. I-CT scans ye-hydrocephalus ivame ukusetshenziswa kuphela ekuhlolweni okuphuthumayo.

I-MRI. Lo mvivinyo usebenzisa amaza omsakazo nensimu yamagnethi ukukhiqiza izithombe eziningi zobuchopho. Lo mvivinyo awubuhlungu, kodwa unekhono futhi udinga ukuqina.

I-MRI scans ingabonisa ama-ventricles amakhulu abangelwa yi-cerebrospinal fluid engaphezulu. I-MRI ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthola izimbangela ze-hydrocephalus noma ezinye izimo ezifaka isandla ezimpawu.

Abantwana bangase badinge imithi ebasiza ukuthi bazizwe bezolile, okuyaziwa ngokuthi ukulala okulula, kwezinye i-MRI scans. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izibhedlela zisebenzisa inguqulo esheshayo ye-MRI evame ukungadingi ukulala.

I-CT scan. Le teknoloji ekhethekile ye-X-ray ikhiqiza imibono yesigaba sobuchopho. Ukukopisha akubuhlungu futhi kuyashesha. Kodwa lo mvivinyo udinga futhi ukuqina, ngakho-ke umntwana uthola imithi yokulala okulula.

I-CT scans ibonisa imininingwane engaphansi kune-MRI scans. Futhi iteknoloji ye-CT ibangela ukukhishwa komthamo omncane wokushisa. I-CT scans ye-hydrocephalus ivame ukusetshenziswa kuphela ekuhlolweni okuphuthumayo.

Ukukhethwa kwenye yezindlela ezimbili zokwelapha ngokuhlinzwa kungasetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-hydrocephalus.

I-shunt ihlanza uketshezi olukhulu lwe-cerebrospinal fluid ebuchosheni liye kwenye ingxenye yomzimba, njengesisu, lapho lingase limncishiswe kalula khona.

Ukwelashwa okuvamile kakhulu kwe-hydrocephalus ukufakwa kwe-drainage system ngokuhlinzwa, okuthiwa yi-shunt. Iqukethe i-tube ende, eguquguqukayo ene-valve egcina uketshezi oluvela ebuchosheni lugeleza ngendlela efanele futhi ngesivinini esifanele.

Ukuqeda komnye umugqa we-tubing kuvame ukufakwa kwenye ye-ventricles ebuchosheni. I-tubing bese ihlanganiswa phansi kwesikhumba kwenye ingxenye yomzimba njengesisu noma ikhamera yentliziyo. Lokhu kuvumela uketshezi olukhulu ukuba lumncishiswe kalula.

Abantu abane-hydrocephalus ngokuvamile badinga i-shunt system ukuphila kwabo konke. Badinga ukulandelelwa njalo.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuhlinzwa okuthiwa yi-endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Udokotela wokuhlinzwa usebenzisa ikhamera encane yevidiyo ukubona ngaphakathi ebuchosheni. Bese udokotela wokuhlinzwa enza umgodi phansi kwe-ventricle. Lokhu kuvumela i-cerebrospinal fluid ukuba igeleze ngaphandle kwebuchosheni.

Womabili ama-surgical procedures angabangela ukuphazamiseka. Ama-shunt systems angayeka ukuhlanza i-cerebrospinal fluid. Noma ama-shunt systems angase angalawuli kahle ukuhlanza ngenxa yezinkinga ze-mechanical, ukuvimba noma ukutheleleka. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-ventriculostomy kuhlanganisa ukuphuza igazi nokutheleleka.

Ukuphazamiseka kokuhlinzwa kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha. Kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okunye noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ukuqhuma noma izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus kufanele kukhuthaze ukuqokwa nodokotela wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Abanye abantu abane-hydrocephalus, ikakhulu izingane, bangase badinge ukwelashwa okusekela. Isidingo salezi zindlela zokwelapha siyancika ekuphuzweni kwesikhathi eside kwe-hydrocephalus.

Amathani okunakekelwa kwezingane angase ahlanganise:

• Udokotela wezingane noma i-physiatrist, obheka uhlelo lokwelapha nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.
• Udokotela wezingane we-neurologist, oqeqeshwe ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni izimo ze-neurological ezinganeni.
• Udokotela we-Occupational therapist, oqeqeshwe ekwelapheni ukuthuthukisa amakhono ansuku zonke.
• Udokotela we-Developmental therapist, oqeqeshwe ekwelapheni ukusiza ingane yakho ukuthuthukisa ukuziphatha okuhambisana neminyaka, amakhono omphakathi namakhono okuhlangana nabantu.
• Uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, njengomqeqeshi wezengqondo noma udokotela wezengqondo.
• Umsebenzi wezenhlalo, osizayo umndeni ukuthola izinsizakalo ezidingekayo nokuhlela ukuguqulwa ekunakekelweni.

Izingane ezisezikoleni zingase zidinga imfundo ekhethekile. Othisha bemfundo ekhethekile baqondisa ukuntuleka kokufunda, banqume izidingo zemfundo futhi basize ukuthola izinsiza ezidingekayo.

Abantu abadala abaneziphazamiseko ezinzima bangase badinge izinsizakalo zabachwepheshe be-occupational noma abasebenzi bezenhlalo. Noma bangase badinge ukubona ochwepheshe ekunakekelweni kwe-dementia noma ezinye iziphathimandla zezokwelapha.

Ngosizo lwezindlela zokwelapha nezinsizakalo zemfundo, abantu abaningi abane-hydrocephalus baphila ngokulinganiselwe okuncane.

Uma une-hydrocephalus, kunezinto eziningi ezitholakalayo ukunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo nangokwelapha. Izingane ezinokulimala kokuthuthuka zingase zifanelekele ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuqhutshwa nguhulumeni nezinye izinsizakalo zokusekela. Hlola ne-agency yakho yezenhlalo yesifundazwe noma yesifunda.

Izibhedlela nezinhlangano ezikhonza abantu abakhubazekile yizinto ezinhle zokusekela ngokomzwelo nangokusebenzayo. Amalungu eqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo nawo angasiza. Cela usizo lokuhlangana nemindeni eminye ehlangabezana ne-hydrocephalus.

Abantu abadala abaphila ne-hydrocephalus bangase bathole ulwazi oluwusizo ezinhlanganweni ezinikezele ekufundiseni nasekusekeleni i-hydrocephalus, njenge-Hydrocephalus Association.

Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezingane noma lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma wena noma ingane yakho kufanele uthole isithombe sokuvikela i-meningitis, esikhathi esidlule kwakuwukubangela okuvamile kwe-hydrocephalus. Ama-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ayeluleka ukugwetshwa kwe-meningitis kubantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12 kanye ne-boosters kubasakhulile. Ukugwetshwa nakho kunconywa kubantwana abancane nabantu abadala abangase babe sengozini enkulu ye-meningitis ngenxa yanoma yiziphi izizathu ezilandelayo:

• Ukuya emazweni lapho i-meningitis ivamile khona.
• Ukuba nesifo sesistimu yokuvimbela esibizwa nge-terminal complement deficiency.
• Ukuba ne-spleen elilimale noma ukuba ne-spleen esusiwe.
• Ukuphila endlini yasekolishi.
• Ukujoyina ibutho.

Ngosizo lwezokwelapha nezinsizakalo zemfundo, abantu abaningi abane-hydrocephalus baphila ngokulinganiselwe. Uma unembeleko onale-hydrocephalus, kunezinto eziningi ezitholakalayo zokunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo nangokwelapha. Abantwana abanezinkinga zokuthuthuka bangase bafanelekele ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuqhutshwa nguhulumeni nezinye izinsizakalo zokusekela. Xhumana ne-ejenti yakho yezinsizakalo zikahulumeni zesifundazwe noma sesifunda. Izibhedlela nezinhlangano ezikhonza abantu abakhubazekile zingumthombo omuhle wokusekelwa ngokomzwelo nangokusebenzayo. Amalungu eqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo nawo angasiza. Cela usizo lokuthola ezinye izindlu ezibhekana ne-hydrocephalus. Abantu abadala abaphila ne-hydrocephalus bangathola ulwazi oluwusizo ezinhlanganweni ezinikezele ekufundiseni nasekusekeleni i-hydrocephalus, njenge-Hydrocephalus Association. Ingabe kufanele ube yena owathatha isithombe sokuvikela isifo se-meningitis? Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lomntanakho noma wena uma wena noma umntanakho kufanele uthole isithombe sokuvikela isifo se-meningitis, esake saba yimbangela evamile ye-hydrocephalus. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention iphakamisa ukutheleleka kwe-meningitis kubantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12 kanye ne-boosters kubasakhulile. Ukuthola isithombe sokuvikela isifo se-meningitis kuyaphakanyiswa nangezingane ezincane nabantu abadala abangase babe sengozini enkulu ye-meningitis nganoma yiziphi izizathu ezilandelayo: Ukuya emazweni lapho i-meningitis ivamile khona. Ukuba nesifo sesistimu yokuvimba esibizwa ngokuthi i-terminal complement deficiency. Ukuba nespleen elilimale noma ukuba nespleen esusiwe. Ukuphila endlini yasekolishi. Ukujoyina ibutho.