Iyini i-Hydrocephalus? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Iyini i-hydrocephalus?

I-Hydrocephalus yisimo lapho i-cerebrospinal fluid engaphezulu iqongelela khona emakhaweni engqondo, okuthiwa ama-ventricles. Leli futhi livikela ingqondo yakho ngokujwayelekile, kodwa uma liqongelela kakhulu, lingadala uxinzelelo oluthinta umsebenzi wengqondo.

Cabanga nge-cerebrospinal fluid njengophawu oluvikelekile oluzungezile ingqondo yakho nomgogodla wakho. Umuthi wakho ukhulula leli futhi, elinamanzi, usuku lonke. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile, ingqondo yakho iyamunca leli futhi ngesilinganiso esenziwa ngaso, igcina ibhalansi enempilo.

Uma le bhalansi iphazamiseka, i-fluid engaphezulu ibangela ukukhula kwama-ventricles engqondo. Lokhu kukhula kungafaka uxinzelelo kuma-tissue engqondo aseduze. Lesi simo singathuthukiswa kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kusuka kubantwana abasasezithweni kuya kubantu abadala, nakuba izimbangela kanye nezimpawu zivame ukuhluka kuye ngokuthi kwenzeka nini.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-hydrocephalus yisimo esingelashwa. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, abantu abaningi abane-hydrocephalus baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo. Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus?

Izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus ziyahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi uneminyaka emingaki lapho isimo sithuthuka khona. Kubantwana, ungase uqaphele izinguquko ezibukeka zikhathaza kodwa azibonakali ngokushesha njengesimo esinzima.

Kubantwana abancane nabantwana, izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ikhanda elikhulu kakhulu noma ukukhula kwekhulu okusheshayo
• I-soft spot ephumile phezulu kwekhanda
• Ukugabha ngaphandle kokubanda
• Ubuthongo noma ukucasuka
• Amehlo abukeka phansi noma anenkinga yokunyakaza phezulu
• Ukuhlanza kwezimo ezithile
• Ukudla okubi noma ubunzima bokudla

Lezi zimpawu zivelela ngoba amathambo engqondo yengane asazange ahlangane, okuvumela ikhanda ukuba likhule njengoba amanzi eqongeleka. Empeleni lokhu kuyindlela yomzimba yokuvimbela ubuchopho ekucindezelweni okusheshayo.

Abantwana abadala nabantu abadala baba nezimpawu ezihlukile ngoba izingqondo zabo azikwazi ukukhula. Ungase uqaphele:

• Ubuhlungu obungapheli ekhanda obungase bube bukhulu ekuseni
• Ukupukelela nokugabha
• Izinkinga zobona noma ukubona okubili
• Ubunzima bokulinganisela nokuhlanganisa
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula noma ukudideka
• Ukushintsha komuntu siqu noma ukuziphatha
• Ubunzima bokuhlala uphapheme noma ukugxila
• Ukwehluleka kokulawula isithole kwabanye

Kubantu abadala, izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus zingaphambukiswa njengokuguga okuvamile noma ezinye izimo ezinjenge-dementia. I-triad yendabuko ihlanganisa ubunzima bokuhamba, izinkinga zokukhumbula, nokungalawuleki kwesisu. Noma kunjalo, akuwona wonke umuntu obhekana nazo zonke lezi zimpawu ezintathu, okwenza ukuxilongwa kube nzima.

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa okuthiwa yi-hydrocephalus engaphansi kwezingcindezi, lapho izimpawu zivelela kancane kancane. Ungase uqaphele ukushintsha okuncane ekuhambeni, ukucabanga, noma ukulawula kwesisu okuya kubi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zinguquko zifanele ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngisho noma zibonakala zincane ekuqaleni.

Imiphi imikhakha ye-hydrocephalus?

I-Hydrocephalus iza ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene, ngayinye inezici zayo nezindlela zokwelapha. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungakusiza ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi kungenzeka yini kwenzekani nokuthi yini okulindelekile.

I-hydrocephalus yokuxhumana kwenzeka lapho i-cerebrospinal fluid ingase ibambe iqhaza ngokujwayelekile phakathi kwama-ventricles ebuchosheni kodwa ayithathwa kahle egazini. Lo mkhuba uvamise ukuthuthukiswa ngemuva kokutheleleka, ukuphuza ebuchosheni, noma ukulimala ekhanda okuthinta izindawo zokuthatha.

I-hydrocephalus engekhohlwanga kwenzeka lapho okuthile kuvimba ukugeleza okujwayelekile kwe-cerebrospinal fluid phakathi kwama-ventricles. Ukuqina kwamathumbu, ama-cysts, noma ukungapheleli kokuthuthukiswa kungadala lezi zinkinga. Lo mkhuba udinga ukungenelela kokwelapha ukuze ususe noma uqede ukuphazamiseka.

I-hydrocephalus ezelwe nayo ikhona ekuzalweni futhi ngokuvamile ivela ezinkingeni zokuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Abanye abantwana bazalwa benenkinga yokwakheka komqondo ethonya ukopha komfutho, kanti abanye bathuthukisa le meko ngenxa yokutheleleka noma ukuphuza igazi ngaphambi kokuzalwa.

I-hydrocephalus etholwe ithuthukiswa ngemuva kokuzalwa ngenxa yokulimala, ukutheleleka, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Ukulimala kwekhanda, amathambo e-brain, ukutheleleka njenge-meningitis, noma ukuphuza igazi e-brain konke kungadala lokhu. Kungavelela kunoma iyiphi iminyaka futhi ngokuvamile kuthuthuka ngokushesha.

I-hydrocephalus enesicindezelo esijwayelekile uhlobo oluthile oluthinta ikakhulu abadala. Naphezu kwegama layo, isikhathi esiphezulu ebuchosheni ngokuvamile siphindwe kabili, kodwa izimpawu zithuthuka kancane kancane. Lo mkhuba unzima kakhulu ukuwuxilonga ngoba izimpawu zihlangana nezinye izimo ezihlobene nobudala.

Yini ebangela i-hydrocephalus?

I-hydrocephalus ithuthukiswa lapho ukujikeleza okujwayelekile kwe-cerebrospinal fluid kuphazamiseka. Ubuchopho bakho buveza cishe i-pint yale mfutho evikela nsuku zonke, futhi kudingeka ithathwe kabusha egazini lakho ngesilinganiso esifanayo.

Izici eziningi zingaphazamisa leli linganiso elibucayi. Ukuphazamiseka kuyimbangela evamile kakhulu, ikakhulu kubantwana nabantu abadala abasebasha.

Ukuphazamiseka komzimba okungabangela i-hydrocephalus kuhlanganisa:

• Amathambo e-brain acindezela izindlela zokopha
• Ama-cysts noma ezinye izikhulu ebuchosheni
• Ama-blood clots avela ekulimaleni kwekhanda noma ekuhlinzweni
• I-scar tissue evela ekutholakaleni kwangaphambili noma ekuhlinzweni
• Ukungapheleli kokuzalwa okuthonya ukwakheka komqondo

Ukutheleleka kungabangela i-hydrocephalus ngokubangela ukuvuvukala nokwenzakala. I-Meningitis, i-encephalitis, noma ezinye izifo zengqondo zingalimaza izindawo lapho i-cerebrospinal fluid ivunyelwa khona. Ngisho noma ukutheleleka kuphela, ukwenzakala kungaphikelela futhi kuqhubeke kubangela izinkinga zokopha.

Ukuphuza ebuchosheni, kungaba ngenxa yokulimala, isifo sokuqhaqhazela, noma ukungapheleli kwezimbobo zegazi, kungaphazamisa ukujikeleza kwezinto ezinwetshiwe. Igazi nemikhiqizo yalo yokwahlukaniswa ingavimba izindawo zokuvunyelwa noma idale ukuphahlazeka emizileni yokopha.

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-hydrocephalus ivela ngaphandle kwesizathu esiqondakalayo, ikakhulu kubantu abadala abane-hydrocephalus engaphezulu kokucindezela. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emathishini engqondo nasemibo yegazi zingase zidlale indima, kodwa izindlela ezichazwe ngokucacile aziqondakali ngokugcwele.

Izici zezakhiwo zingase zinikeze ezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezikhona ekuzalweni. Izimo ezithile zezakhiwo zithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo futhi zingandisa ingozi ye-hydrocephalus. Noma kunjalo, izimo eziningi azithathwanga ngokuqondile kubazali.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela nge-hydrocephalus?

Ukuqaphela ukuthi nini kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nge-hydrocephalus engase ibe khona kungasindisa impilo, ikakhulukazi njengoba izimpawu zingathuthuka kancane kancane noma ziphoswe ngezimo ezahlukene. Themba izinzwa zakho uma kukhona okungalungile.

Kubantwana abasebancane nabantwana, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukukhula kwekhanda okusheshayo, indawo ebomvu ephumile, noma ukugabha okuqhubekayo okungaphandle komkhuhlane. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukwanda kokucindezela ebuchosheni okudinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo.

Shaya izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo uma ingane yakho ihlushwa yizifo, iba lulala kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuyivusa, noma ibonisa izimpawu zokucindezeleka okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma amehlo omntwana wakho ebuka phansi njalo noma ebonakala engenakho ukunyakaza phezulu, lokhu kungase kubonise ukwanda kokucindezela okungozi.

Abantu abadala kufanele bafune ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha ngenxa yezinhlungu zikhanda ezinzima eziya zibuhlungu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma zihambisana nokuhlanza, ukugabha, noma ukushintsha kokubona. Izinhlungu zikhanda ezibuhlungu kakhulu ekuseni noma ezikuvusa ebuthongweni kufanele zinakekelwe ngokukhethekile.

Ungalindi uma ubona ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokulinganisela, ukuxhumanisa, noma umsebenzi wengqondo. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukwanda okusheshayo kokucindezela okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ukushonelwa yikhanda, ukudideka okukhulu, noma ukuhluleka ukuhlala uphapheme kuyizimo eziphuthumayo.

Kubantu abadala, ukushintsha kancane kancane ekuhambeni, ekukhumuleni, noma ekulawuleni kwesisu kungabonakala njengokuguga okuvamile kodwa kungabonisa i-hydrocephalus engcindezeli. Uma lezi zinguquko zithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke noma zibonakala sengathi ziyaqhubeka, xoxa nodokotela wakho.

Ngisho nezimpawu ezincane kufanele zinakekelwe uma ziqhubeka noma ziya ziba zimbi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angenza izivivinyo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi izimpawu zakho zingahlobene ne-hydrocephalus noma enye isimo esingaphathwa.

Iyini imikhakha yokusongela i-hydrocephalus?

Ukuqonda imikhakha yokusongela i-hydrocephalus kungakusiza uhlale uqaphele izimpawu zokuqala, yize ukuba nemikhakha yokusongela akusho ukuthi uzophuthuma leli simo. Abantu abaningi abanezikhulu zokungena abazange babe ne-hydrocephalus.

Ubudala buwumsebenzi obalulekile ekuhlaleni kwakho kokusongela. Izingane ezincane nabantu abadala babhekene nezingozi eziphezulu, yize kungazizathu ezahlukene.

Izici ezikhuphula ingozi kubantwana abancane:

• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-34
• Ukuzalwa isisindo esincane
• Iziphoso zokuzalwa ezithinta ubuchopho noma umgogodla
• Ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa njenge-toxoplasmosis noma i-rubella
• Umlando womndeni we-hydrocephalus noma izimo ezihlobene
• Ukubeletha okunzima noma izinkinga zokubeletha

Izingane ezingazalwanga isikhathi esifanele zibhekene nezingozi eziphezulu ngokukhethekile ngoba imithambo yazo yegazi ebuthakathaka ingopha kalula, futhi ubuchopho bazo busathuthuka. Lapho ukuzalwa kwenzeka ngokushesha, ingozi iyanda.

Izici ezingaba yingozi ezingathinta abantu kunoma iyiphi iminyaka zihlanganisa:

• Ukulimala kwekhanda okuvela ezingozeni noma ekulimaleni kwezemidlalo
• Ukuvuvukala kwesibopho noma umgogodla
• Ukutheleleka kwesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi
• Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwangaphambili
• Isifo sokuqhaqhazela noma ukuphuza kwegazi ebuchosheni
• Izimo ezithile zezofuzo

Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 banengozi enkulu ye-hydrocephalus engaphansi kwezingcindezi, yize abacwaningi bengayiqondi ngokuphelele isizathu. Amanye ama-study abonisa ukuthi ukushintsha kwezicubu zebhuloho kanye nempilo yemithambo yegazi eza neminyaka kungase kuhlanganyele kule ngozi enkulu.

Ukuba nezici eziningi ezingaba yingozi akusho ukuthi ingozi yakho iyanda. Kodwa-ke, kusho ukuthi kufanele uqaphele kakhulu izimpawu ezingaba khona futhi ugcine ukuxhumana okuvamile nodokotela wakho mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha okukhathazayo.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-hydrocephalus?

Ngenkathi i-hydrocephalus ilwelaphekayo, ukuqonda izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona kukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile. Izinkinga eziningi zingavikeleka noma zinciphisiwe ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kunazo zonke ukwanda kwezingcindezi ezicubwini zobuchopho. Lapho i-cerebrospinal fluid iqongelela, ingacindezela izakhiwo zobuchopho ezinemininingwane futhi iphazamise umsebenzi ojwayelekile.

I-hydrocephalus engaphathwe ingadala izinhlanganisela eziningi ezinkulu:

• Ukonakala kobuchopho okungapheli okuvela ezingcindezeni ezihlala isikhathi eside
• Ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni kwabantwana
• Izinkinga zobumona noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukuhlushwa okutholakala kunzima ukulawula
• Ukonakala kwengqondo noma ukulahleka kwenkumbulo
• Ukuthuthukiswa komzimba okuthinta ukunyakaza noma ukuhlanganiswa
• Emacaleni aqatha, i-coma noma ukufa

Abantwana abangenayo ukwelashwa kwe-hydrocephalus bangase babe nezinkinga zokufunda, ukulibaziseka kokukhula kokukhuluma, noma izinkinga emakhono emoto. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela izinkinga eziningi zokukhula ezingaba yizinto ezingapheli.

Ngisho nokwelashwa, abanye abantu bangase babe nezinkinga eziqhubekayo. Izinhlelo ze-shunt, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-hydrocephalus, ngezinye izikhathi zingasebenzi kahle noma zibe nokutheleleka. Lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile zibangela izimpawu ezikwazisa ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína ezivela ezinhlelweni ze-shunt zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-shunt okudinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic
• Ukuvimbela okubangela izimpawu ukubuyela
• Ukukhipha okukhulu okubangela izikhathi zikhanda uma umi
• Ukwehluleka komshini okudinga ukuhlinzwa kabusha

Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi abantu abaningi abaphathwe i-hydrocephalus bayagwema izinkinga ezinkulu ngokuphelele. Ukukhathalela okuqhubekayo okuqondile kusiza ukubamba izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngokushesha, lapho kulula khona ukuxazulula. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokufundisa izimpawu zokuqapha.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela i-hydrocephalus?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izimo ze-hydrocephalus, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihambisana nezici ze-genetic noma iziphambeko zokuzalwa, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa izici ezithile ezingozi. Izindlela zokuvimbela zigxile ekuvikeleni impilo yengqondo nokuvimbela izimo ezingabangela i-hydrocephalus.

Phakathi kokukhulelwa, izindlela eziningi zingasiza ekuvikeleni impilo yengqondo yengane yakho ezikhulayo. Ukufumana ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa okuqondile kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuba aqaphe izinkinga ezingase zenzeke futhi azixazulule ngokushesha.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlala usesikhathini ngokuqapha, ikakhulukazi i-rubella
• Ukugwema utshwala, ukubhema, nezidakamizwa ezingamthetho
• Ukuthatha amavithamini okukhulelwa ane-folic acid
• Ukwelapha ukutheleleka ngokushesha
• Ukulawula izimo ezingapheli njengoshukela
• Ukulandela imiyalo yokuphepha kokudla ukuvimbela ukutheleleka

Ukuvimbela ukulimala kwekhanda kubalulekile kubantu bazo zonke izigaba zokuphila. Izigameko eziningi ze-hydrocephalus etholakala zivela ekulimaleni kokuzindla okungase kube kuvinjwe ngezindlela ezifanele zokuphepha.

Ukuvikela ikhanda lakho kuhilela:

• Ukugqoka izivikelo zikhanda uma ugibele ibhayisikili, uqhuba i-skate, noma udlala imidlalo ehlangene
• Ukusebenzisa izibopho zezihlalo nezindawo ezifanele zezimoto
• Ukwenza izindlu ziphephile ngokususa izinto ezingabangela ukuwela
• Ukuba oqaphile eduze kwamanzi ukuvimbela izigameko zokubhula
• Ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha emsebenzini

Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kwezifo kungavimbela ezinye izimo ze-hydrocephalus. Uma uthola izimpawu ze-meningitis, i-encephalitis, noma ezinye izifo zengqondo, ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kungavimbela izinhlungu ezingase ziholele ku-hydrocephalus.

Kubantu abanesimo sezempilo esikhoyo esandisa ingozi, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokuphathwa kahle kwesifo kungasiza ekuvimbeni i-hydrocephalus ekukhuleni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphatha izimo ezifana nezinhlungu zengqondo noma ukungapheleli kwezitho zegazi.

I-hydrocephalus ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-hydrocephalus kuhilela ukuxubana kokuhlolwa komzimba, umlando wezokwelapha, nezivivinyo zokwenza izithombe. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuqonda izimpawu zakho futhi abuke izimpawu zokwanda kokucindezela ebuchosheni bakho.

Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile iqala ngomlando wezokwelapha ophelele nokukheka komzimba. Udokotela wakho uzokubuzisa ngezimpawu, ukuthi zaqala nini, nokuthi ziye zakhula kanjani. Kubantwana, amashadi okukhula abonisa ubungako bekhanda anganika izikhuthazo ezibalulekile.

Phakathi kokuhlolwa komzimba, udokotela wakho uzohlola izimpawu ezifana nokuqhuma kwe-fontanelles kubantwana, izinkinga zobumona, izinkinga zokulinganisela, noma ukuguquka kwengqondo. Bangase futhi bahlole izimpendulo zakho futhi bahlole amehlo akho ukuze babone izimpawu zokwanda kokucindezela ebuchosheni.

Izivivinyo zokwenza izithombe zinikeza ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile kakhulu kwe-hydrocephalus. Lezi zivivinyo zenze izithombe ezinemininingwane yengqondo yakho ezibonisa ama-ventricles amakhulu futhi zisize ekutholeni izimbangela ezingaba khona.

Izivivinyo ezivamile zokwenza izithombe zihlanganisa:

• I-CT scan ebonisa ngokushesha ukwakheka kwengqondo nobukhulu be-ventricle
• I-MRI scan enikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yethishu yengqondo
• I-Ultrasound kubantwana abasebancane abanefontanelles evulekile
• Izinhlelo ze-MRI ezikhethekile zokutadisha ukugeleza kwezinto ezinwetshiwe

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa okuengeziwe kusiza ekutholeni indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu. Ukuthunga kwe-lumbar (ukuqeda umgogodla) kungalinganisa ukucindezeleka kwe-cerebrospinal fluid futhi kuhlole ukutheleleka noma ezinye izinkinga. Lo mvivinyo ubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni i-hydrocephalus engaphansi kokucindezeleka kwabantu abadala.

Kwabanye abantu, odokotela bangenza i-drainage test yesikhashana. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa inani elincane le-cerebrospinal fluid ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka yini. Uma uzizwa kangcono ngemuva kokususa i-fluid, kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa okuhlala njalo kwe-drainage kungasiza.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingafuna futhi ukulandelela ukuthi ingqondo yakho ikhiqiza i-cerebrospinal fluid ngokushesha kangakanani noma ukuthi iyathunyelwa kangcono kangakanani. Lezi zihloko ezikhethekile zisiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo zokwelapha futhi zibikezele ukuthi ukwelashwa okuhlukene kungasebenza kangcono kangakanani kuwe.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-hydrocephalus?

Ukwelashwa kwe-hydrocephalus kugxile ekunciphiseni ukuqongelela kwe-cerebrospinal fluid nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka ebuchosheni bakho. Indlela ethile ethathelwa isinyathelo ixhomeke kulokho okubangela isimo sakho, ubudala bakho, nokuthi impilo yakho iphilile kangakanani.

Ukwelashwa okuhlinzwayo kuvame ukudingeka ngoba i-hydrocephalus ayipheli ngokwayo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinketho zokwelapha okuhlinzwayo ziyasebenza kakhulu futhi ziye zasiza abantu abaningi ukuba baphile impilo evamile, enempilo.

Ukwelashwa okuvamile kuhilela ukufaka uhlelo lwe-shunt. Lena yithyube elincane, elithambile eliphuma e-cerebrospinal fluid eyengeziwe ebuchosheni bakho kwenye ingxenye yomzimba lapho ingathunyelwa khona ngokwemvelo.

Izinhlelo ze-Shunt zivame ukufaka:

• Ikhethini le-ventricular elibekwe ezindaweni ezigcwele uketshezi ebuchosheni
• Ivali elulawula izinga lokukhipha futhi livimba ukubuyela emuva
• Ikhethini yokukhipha uketshezi elithwala uketshezi esiswini, enhliziyweni, noma emaphashini

Izinqwaba eziningi zikhipha esiswini, lapho uketshezi kuhlanzwa ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho. Le nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-ventriculoperitoneal shunt, inezilinganiso ezihle kakhulu zokuphumelela futhi ivumela abantu abaningi ukuba babuyele emisebenzini evamile.

Enye indlela yokwelapha ngokusebenza yi-endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Le nqubo yenza ukuvulwa okuncane ebuchosheni okuvumela uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ukuba lugeleze eduze kwezingxaki ngokwemvelo. I-ETV isebenza kangcono ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-hydrocephalus futhi ingasusa isidingo se-shunt ehlala njalo.

Ngesinye isikhathi odokotela bahlanganisa i-ETV ne-choroid plexus cauterization, ikakhulukazi kubantwana. Le nqubo inquma inani loketshezi le-cerebrospinal elikhiqizwa ubuchopho bakho, okwenza kube lula ukukhipha ngokwemvelo ukugcina.

Ngokuqondene ne-hydrocephalus ebangelwa yi-tumors noma ezinye izikhulu, ukwelapha imbangela eyingxaki kungaxazulula ukwakheka koketshezi. Ukususa i-tumor evikela ukukhipha ngezinye izikhathi kungasusa isidingo sokufaka i-shunt ehlala njalo.

Ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-hydrocephalus kuvame ukulula. Abantu abaningi baphawula ukuthuthuka ezimpahleni zabo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emaviki ngemuva kokwelashwa. Iqembu lakho lokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokwelapha lizokunikeza imiyalelo ethile yokulinganiselwa kwemisebenzi kanye nokunakekelwa okulandelayo.

Ungayiphatha kanjani i-hydrocephalus ekhaya?

Ukuphila ne-hydrocephalus kuhilela ukwazi okuqhubekayo nokunakekela kwakho, kodwa abantu abaningi abaphathwe i-hydrocephalus baphila impilo evamile ngokuphelele. Ukuphathwa ekhaya kugxile ekuqaphelweni kwezinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngokushesha nangokugcina impilo yakho jikelele.

Ukufunda ukuqaphela izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-shunt kubalulekile uma unesistimu ye-shunt. Nakuba izinkinga ze-shunt zingavamile, ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke kusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola usizo ngokushesha uma kudingeka.

Izimpawu ezingabonisa izinkinga ze-shunt zihlanganisa:

• Ukubuyela kwezimpawu zokuqala ze-hydrocephalus
• Izinhlungu zikhanda ezibuhlungu kakhulu uma ulele phansi
• Ukupukelela noma ukugabha
• Ukushintsha kokubona noma ukubona okubili
• Ukucasuka noma ukushintsha komuntu siqu
• Ukuvuvukala, okungase kubonise ukutheleleka
• Ubomvu noma ukuvuvukala endleleni ye-shunt

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela noma yiziphi lezi zimpawu. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kwezinkinga ze-shunt kuvame ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinzima futhi kukwenze uzizwe ukhulu ngokushesha.

Ukugcina impilo enhle jikelele kusekela ukuphulukisa kwakho nokuphuza kwakho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, ukuhlala usebenza ngokomzimba njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho, nokufumana ukulala okwanele.

Imikhawulo yemisebenzi ivame ukuba mncane ngemva kokuba uphulukile ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Abantu abaningi bangabuyela emsebenzini, esikoleni, nasemisebenzini yokuzilibazisa. Noma kunjalo, imidlalo yokuxhumana ingadinga izindlela ezikhethekile zokuvikela i-shunt yakho.

Ukuhamba kuvame ukuphepha nge-shunt, yize kufanele uthwale ulwazi lwezokwelapha mayelana nesimo sakho. Ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezindiza ngeke kuthonye i-shunt yakho, kodwa ukuba nedokhumenti kungasiza uma kuvela imibuzo.

Izivivinyo zokulandelela njalo kubalulekile ekuqapheleni isimo sakho nokusebenza kwe-shunt. Lezi zivivinyo zivame ukubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ukuhlola ukuthi i-shunt yakho isebenza kahle futhi ama-ventricles akho ahlala ayingqayizivele.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela mayelana ne-hydrocephalus kusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu kwi-aphoyintimenti yakho futhi kunikeze iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngolwazi oludinga ukukusiza ngokuphumelelayo.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yiba uchwepheshe ngalokho okuqaphile, ngisho noma imininingwane ibonakala incinci.

Ulwazi olubalulekile okufanele ulethe luhlanganisa:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi nemikhiqizo yokwengeza eseyisetshenziswayo
• Amarekhodi ezempilo wangaphambili, ikakhulukazi izifundo zokucwaninga ingqondo
• Umbukiso wembali yezempilo yomndeni, ikakhulukazi izimo zezinzwa
• Ulwazi lwe-inshurensi namaphepha okudlulisela uma kudingeka
• Uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza

Cabanga ukuthi ulethe ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ekuhlanganyeleni kwakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi oluxoxiwe futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngesikhathi esingase sibe yisikhathi esicindeclayo. Isethi eyengeziwe yezindlebe ingaba yiyona ebalulekile uma uqapha ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi kwezokwelapha.

Lungisa imibuzo kusengaphambili ukuze ungakhohlwa ukukhathazeka okubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho. Cabanga ukuthi ubuze ngezinketho zokwelapha, ukuthi yini okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa, ukulinganiselwa kwemisebenzi, kanye nombono wesikhathi eside.

Imibuzo ewusizo ingafaka:

• Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-hydrocephalus enami?
• Yini ebangelwe isimo sami?
• Ziyini izinketho zami zokwelapha?
• Ziyini ingozi nezinzuzo zokwelashwa ngakunye?
• Ukwelashwa kuzithinta kanjani impilo yami yansuku zonke?
• Yiziphi izimpawu engizibheka?
• Ngingakanani ukuthi ngizodinga ukuhlangana okulandelayo?

Unganqikazi ukucela incazelo uma ungaqondi lutho. Ulwazi lwezokwelapha lungaba lukhulu, futhi udokotela wakho ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyaqonda ngokuphelele isimo sakho kanye nelenkaneli yokwelapha.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-hydrocephalus?

I-Hydrocephalus iyisimo esinzima kodwa esiphatheka kalula esithinta abantu bazo zonke izigaba. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukutholakala kwesikhathi esisheshayo nokwelashwa okuqondile kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kuvumele abantu abaningi ukuba baphile impilo evamile, ezele.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezansi, ikakhulukazi izinhlelo ze-shunt, ziguqule umbono wabantu abane-hydrocephalus. Abantu abaningi abaphathwe yi-hydrocephalus baqhubeka bezuza imigomo yabo yemfundo, yomsebenzi, kanye nezimiso zabo siqu ngaphandle kokulinganiselwa okukhulu.

Nakuba ukutholakala kwesifo kungase kuzwakale kukhulu ekuqaleni, khumbula ukuthi i-hydrocephalus iyisimo esiqondwa kahle esinokwelashwa okuhleliwe, okuphumelelayo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha linolwazi olukhulu lokusiza abantu abane-hydrocephalus, futhi izinsiza zokusekela ziyatholakala ukukusiza uhambe kule ndlela.

Ukuqondisa okuphumelelayo kuncike ekwazini isimo sakho, ukugcina ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, nokwazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokubhekwa, i-hydrocephalus ayidingi ukuchaza noma ukulinganisela impilo yakho.

Themba inqubo yokwelashwa futhi ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo noma ufune ukusekelwa uma uyakudinga. Abantu abaningi abane-hydrocephalus bathola ukuxhumana nabanye abanezinhlanhlatho ezifanayo kuwusizo kokubili ngezeluleko eziwusizo kanye nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-hydrocephalus

Ingabe i-hydrocephalus ingaphiliswa ngokuphelele?

Nakuba i-hydrocephalus ingaphiliswa “ngokuphelele” ngomqondo wesiko, ingaphathwa kahle kakhulu ngokwelashwa okufanele. Izinhlelo ze-shunt nezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziyimiyalezo zilawula isimo kahle kangangokuthi abantu abaningi baphila impilo evamile ngokuphelele. Ukuthambekela okuyisisekelo kokwakheka kwezinto ezinzima kuvame ukuhlala khona, kungakho ukubhekwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile, kodwa izimpawu zingasuswa noma zinciphisiwe kakhulu ngokunakekelwa okufanele.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa okuningi nge-hydrocephalus?

Abantu abaningi badinga ukuhlinzwa okukodwa kuphela ukwelapha i-hydrocephalus yabo ngempumelelo. Noma kunjalo, izinhlelo ze-shunt zingadinga ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abasakhula. Cishe amaphesenti angu-50 e-shunts ebekwe kubantwana azodinga ukulungiswa phakathi neminyaka emibili, kodwa amaningi ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. I-shunts yabantu abadala ngokuvamile ineminyaka yokuphila eyade. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela umsebenzi we-shunt yakho njalo ukuze abone noma yiziphi izinkinga ekuqaleni.

Ingabe abantu abane-hydrocephalus bangaba nabantwana?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-hydrocephalus bangaba nabantwana ngokuphepha. Ukukhulelwa akuvame ukwenza i-hydrocephalus ibe sibi, futhi abesifazane abaningi abaneshunts baba nokukhulelwa okujwayelekile nokubeletha. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uxoxe ngezinhlelo zokuzala nomngane wakho we-neurologist nodokotela we-obstetrician ukuze uqinisekise ukuqapha okuhle phakathi kokukhulelwa. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hydrocephalus ezivela egazini zingaba nemiphumela kubantwana bakho, ngakho-ke ukwelulekwa ngezinto ezivela egazini kungaba usizo.

Ingabe i-hydrocephalus uhlobo lobuphengephenge?

I-Hydrocephalus ngokwayo akuyona i-intellectual disability, yize i-hydrocephalus engaphathwe ingabangela izinkinga zokuqonda. Uma ixilongwe futhi iphethwe kusenesikhathi, abantu abaningi abane-hydrocephalus baba nobuhlakani obujwayelekile. Abanye bangaba nezinkinga zokufunda noma badinge ukwesekwa okwengeziwe esikoleni, kodwa abaningi baqhubeka nemisebenzi ephumelelayo kanye nemfundo ephakeme. Ikhona ukwelashwa okuhle ngaphambi kokuba konakale okukhulu kwengqondo kwenzeke.

Ungadlala imidlalo nge-shunt?

Abantu abaningi abaneshunts bangabamba iqhaza emidlalweni nasemisebenzini yomzimba ngokuphepha. Ukubhukuda, ukugijima, ibhasikithi, nezinye imidlalo eminingi ngokuvamile kulungile. Imidlalo yokuxhumana njengebhola noma i-hockey ingadinga izinyathelo ezikhethekile noma izinto zokukhusela ukuvimbela ukonakala kwe-shunt okuvela ekuqhakambeni. Udokotela wakho angakunika isiqondiso esithile esisekelwe ohlotsheni lwakho lwe-shunt nokufakwa, iminyaka yakho, kanye nemisebenzi ofuna ukuyenza.