Hematoma Yengqondo

Ukuqina kwegazi ebuntwini yinqubo lapho igazi liqongelela khona ngaphakathi kwendlu yengqondo. Igazi lingaqongelela emathinini engqondo noma ngaphansi kwendlu yengqondo, elicindezela ingqondo. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa yimithambo yegazi ephukile ebuchosheni. Kungabangelwa futhi ukulimala kwekhanda ngenxa yengozi yemoto noma ukuwa. Amanye ukulimala kwekhanda, njengalokho okubangela isikhathi esifushane sokulahlekelwa uqaphelo, kungaba mancane. Noma kunjalo, ukuqina kwegazi ebuntwini kungabeka impilo engozini. Ngokuvamile kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Lokhu kungafaka ukucutshungulwa ukuze kususwe igazi.

Amasimptomu e-hematoma intracranial angase aqale ngokushesha ngemva kokulimalala kwekhanda, noma angathatha amasonto noma isikhathi eside ukuze abonakale. Kungase kube khona isikhathi esithile ngaphandle kwamasimptomu ngemva kokulimalala kwekhanda. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-lucid interval. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukucindezela ebuchosheni kuyanda, kwenze kube khona ezinye noma zonke lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: I-Headache eba mbi. Ukugabha. Ukulala nokulahlekelwa kancane kancane koqapheleo. Ukukhungatheka. Ukudideka. Abafundi abakhulu ngobubanzi obuhlukile. Inkulumo ephazamisekile. Ukulahleka kokunyakaza, okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-paralysis, ohlangothini oluhlukile lomzimba oluvela ekulimaleni kwekhanda. Njengoba igazi ligcwala ebuchosheni noma endaweni encane phakathi kwebuchosheni ne-skull, ezinye izimpawu zingabonakala, ezifana nalezi: Ukuzizwa ulele kakhulu noma ubuthakathaka. Ukuhlushwa yizigwegwe. Ukulahlekelwa koqapheleo. I-hematoma intracranial ingaba yingozi eyingozi futhi idinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngemva kokushaywa ekhanda uma wena noma umuntu omthandayo enezimpawu ezilandelayo: Ukulahlekelwa koqapheleo. I-headache engapheli. Ukugabha, ubuthakathaka, ukubona okuphazamisekile, inkinga yokuma uqondile. Uma ungaziboni izimpawu ngokushesha ngemva kokushaywa ekhanda, qaphela izinguquko zomzimba, ingqondo, nezimizwa. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ebonakala ekahle ngemva kokulimalala kwekhanda futhi angakhuluma kodwa kamuva abe ngongqongqo, funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Futhi ngisho noma uzizwa kahle, cela umuntu ukuba akuqaphele. Ukulahlekelwa khona kwememori ngemva kokushaywa ekhanda kungakwenza ukhohlwe ngokushaywa. Umuntu omtshela angase abe nethuba elikhulu lokuqaphela izimpawu zexwayiso futhi akuthole ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ukuqina kwegazi ebuchosheni kungabeka impilo engozini futhi kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngemva kokushaywa ekhanda uma wena noma othile ommazi enezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukushona kwengqondo.
• Ihlungu lenhloko elingapheli.
• Ukugabha, ubuthakathaka, ukubona okuphazamisekile, ukuhlupheka ukuhlala uqine.

Uma ungaziboni izimpawu ngokushesha ngemva kokushaywa ekhanda, qaphela izinguquko zomzimba, zengqondo nezemizwelo. Isibonelo, uma othile ebonakala ekahle ngemva kokulimaza ikhanda futhi angakhuluma kodwa kamuva engapheli amandla, funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Futhi ngisho noma uzizwa kahle, cela othile ukuba akuqaphele. Ukuba yilibala ngemva kokushaywa ekhanda kungakwenza ukhohlwe ngokushaywa. Umuntu omtshela angase abe nethuba elikhulu lokuqaphela izimpawu zexwayiso futhi akuthole ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuqala kwe-hematoma yengqondo yilihloni. Ukulimala kwekhanda okubangela ukuphuza igazi ngaphakathi kwenkaba kungase kubangelwe yingozi yemoto noma ibhayisikili, ukuwela, ukuhlaselwa, nokulimala kwezemidlalo. Uma ungumuntu omdala, ngisho nokulimala kancane kwekhanda kungabangela i-hematoma. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi noma imithi yokulwa neeplatelet, njenge-aspirin. Ukulimala kwekhanda kungabangela i-hematoma yengqondo ngisho noma kungekho ihlathi elivulekile, isiphango noma olunye ukonakala okubonakalayo. Okwenzekayo ebuchosheni ukubangela ukuphuza igazi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-hematoma. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-hematoma - i-hematoma ye-subdural, i-hematoma ye-epidural ne-hematoma ye-intracerebral. I-hematoma ye-intracerebral ibizwa nangokuthi i-hematoma ye-intraparenchymal. I-hematoma ye-subdural iyenzeka lapho imithambo yegazi iqhuma phakathi kwengqondo kanye nesigaxa sangaphandle kwezindinganiso ezintathu ezivikela ezihlanganisa ingqondo. Lesi sigaxa sangaphandle sibizwa ngokuthi yi-dura mater. Igazi eliluphelayo lenza i-hematoma ecindezela ithishu yengqondo. I-hematoma eqhubeka ikhula ingabangela ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane koqapheleo futhi mhlawumbe ukufa. I-hematoma ye-subdural ingaba: Ebukhali. Lolu hlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lubangelwa ngokuvamile ukulimala okubi kwekhanda, futhi izimpawu zivame ukuvela ngokushesha. Ebukhali. Izimpawu zithatha isikhathi ukuthuthuka, ngezinye izikhathi izinsuku noma amasonto ngemva kokulimalala kwekhanda. Okuqhubekayo. Umphumela wokulimala okuncane kwekhanda, lolo hlobo lwe-hematoma lungabangela ukuphuza igazi kancane, futhi izimpawu zingathatha amasonto ngisho nezinyanga ukuvela. Ungase ungakhumbuli ukulimala kwekhanda lakho. Isibonelo, ukuthinta ikhanda lakho ngenkathi ungena emotweni kungabangela ukuphuza igazi, ikakhulu uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi. Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu zivela. Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kungavimbela ukonakala okungapheli kwengqondo. I-hematoma ye-epidural iyenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi uqhuma phakathi kwesigaxa sangaphandle se-dura mater kanye nenkaba. Igazi bese liluphela phakathi kwe-dura mater kanye nenkaba ukwenza i-mass ecindezela ithishu yengqondo. Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-hematoma ye-epidural yilihloni. Lolu hlobo lubizwa nangokuthi i-hematoma ye-extradural. Abanye abantu abane-hematoma ye-epidural bahlala beqaphile. Kodwa abaningi baba buthakathaka noma bangena ekomeni kusukela ngesikhathi sokulimala. I-hematoma ye-epidural ethinta umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni lakho ingabulala uma ingaphathwa ngokushesha. I-hematoma ye-intracerebral iyenzeka lapho igazi libuthana ezicutshwini zengqondo. I-hematoma ye-intracerebral ibizwa nangokuthi i-hematoma ye-intraparenchymal. Kunezizathu eziningi, kufaka phakathi: Ukulimala kwekhanda, okungabangela i-hematoma eminingi ye-intracerebral. Ukuqhuma komthambo wegazi oqhumayo, owaziwa ngokuthi yi-aneurysm. Imithambo yegazi nezinzwa ezihlanganiswe kabi kusukela ekuzalweni. Ukuphuma kwegazi elikhulu. Izinhlungu. Ezinye izifo zingabangela ukuphuza igazi ngokushesha ebuchosheni.

Ama-hematoma angaphakathi kwengqondo angabangelwa ukulimala kwekhanda. Imisebenzi ephakamisa ingozi yokulimala okubi kwekhanda, njengokuqhuba ibhayisikili noma imoto ngaphandle kwehelmeti, iphakamisa futhi ingozi yama-hematoma angaphakathi kwengqondo. Ingozi yama-hematoma angaphansi kwesikhumba iyakhula ngokwanda kweminyaka. Ingozi ibuye ikhulu kubantu aba: Bathatha i-aspirin noma eminye imithi yokuncipha kwegazi nsuku zonke. Banesifo sokusebenzisa utshwala. Ezinye izimo zingase futhi zikhulise ingozi yokuba nama-hematoma angaphakathi kwengqondo. Zihlanganisa ukuzalwa ne-arteries ne-veins ezihlangene kabi, nokuqhuma kwesithombo segazi ebuchosheni, okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-aneurysm. Ukuqina kwegazi, iziphumuzo nezinye izifo futhi zikhulise ingozi.

Ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ukulimala kwekhanda okungabangela i-hematoma yengqondo:

• Gqoka i-helmet futhi uqinisekise ukuthi abantwana bakho bagqoka ama-helmet. Gqoka i-helmet efanelekile futhi efanele uma wenza noma iyiphi imisebenzi engabangela ukulimala kwekhanda. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uma udlala imidlalo exhumana, ubhayisikili, ukuqhuba imoto, ukuskiya, ukuqeqesha amahhashi, ukuskietha, ukubhukuda kanye nokubhukuda.
• Bopha ibhande lakho lokuhlala futhi uqinisekise ukuthi abantwana bakho baboshwe. Yenza kanjalo njalo lapho uqhuba noma uhamba ngemoto.
• Vikela abantwana abancane. Njalo sebenzisa izihlalo zezimoto ezifanele. Faka iziqeshana ezindongeni nezinhlangothini zetafu, vala izitebhisi, bese unamathela ifenisha enzima noma imishini odongeni ukuvimbela ukuwela. Gcina abantwana bengakhulile ezintweni ezingaphephile noma ezingaqinile. Beka amasango okuphepha phezu kwezitebhisi kanye nezivikelo emaphahleni.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hematoma yengqondo kungaba inselele ngoba abantu abane-head injury bangabonakala bephilile ekuqaleni. Abachwepheshe bezempilo bavame ukubheka ukuthi ukuphuza kwegazi ngaphakathi kolwimi yimbangela yokulahlekelwa ukwazi ngemuva kokulimalala kwekhanda kuze kufakwe ubufakazi obuphambene.

Izindlela zokwenza izithombe yizindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokunquma indawo nobukhulu be-hematoma. Lezi zifaka:

• I-CT scan. Lokhu kusebenzisa umshini we-X-ray ophambili oxhunyiwe kukhompyutha ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane yengqondo yakho. Ulela uthule etafuleni eliphathekayo eliqondiswa kulokho okubonakala sengathi yi-doughnut enkulu lapho kuthathwa khona izithombe. I-CT iyiskena esetshenziswa kakhulu sokubona i-hematomas yengqondo.
• I-MRI scan. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-magnetic field namaza erediyo ukwenza izithombe zekhompyutha. Ngesikhathi se-MRI scan, ulela etafuleni eliphathekayo eliqondiswa etyubeni.
• I-Angiogram. Uma kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuthi kungenzeka kube khona i-aneurysm ebuchosheni noma enye inkinga ye-blood vessel, i-angiogram inganikeza ulwazi oluthe xaxa. Lovivinyo lusebenzisa i-X-rays kanye ne-dye ekhethekile ukukhiqiza izithombe zokuhamba kwegazi e-blood vessels ebuchosheni.

Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, njengowarfarin (Jantoven), ungase udinga ukwelashwa ukuze kuphendulwe imiphumela yale mithi. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingozi yokopha okwengeziwe. Izindlela zokubuyisela imithi yokunciphisa igazi zihlanganisa ukunikezwa i-vitamin K ne-plasma entsha efriziwe.

Ukuphathwa kwe-hematoma intracranial kuvame ukubandakanya ubuyekezo. Uhlobo lobuyekezo luya ngohlobo lwe-hematoma onayo. Izindlela zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhipha ngokusebenza. Uma igazi likwenye indawo futhi lushintshile kusuka e-clot eqinile liye kwelitshe, udokotela wakho angase enze umgodi omncane ekhanda lakho bese esebenzisa isisombululo sokususa ulwetshe.
• Ukususa ingxenye yekhanda, okuyaziwa ngokuthi yi-craniotomy. I-hematomas enkulu ingase idinge ukuba ingxenye yekhanda lakho ivuleke ukuze kususwe igazi.

Ukubuyiselwa ngemuva kwe-hematoma intracranial kungathatha isikhathi eside, futhi ungase ungaphuli ngokuphelele. Ukubuyiselwa okukhulu kwenzeka kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokulimaza, ngokuvamile ngokuthuthuka okuncane ngemuva kwalokho. Uma uqhubeka unezinkinga zezinzwa ngemuva kokwelashwa, ungase udinga ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi nokuqeqeshwa komzimba.

Ukubekezela kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nokulimala kwengqondo. Iningi lokuphulukiswa kwabantu abadala kwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala. Khona-ke ungase ube nokuthuthuka okuncane, okuqhubekayo kuze kube iminyaka emibili ngemuva kwe-hematoma.

Ukuze usize ukubuyiselwa kwakho:

• Tholani ubuthongo obanele ebusuku, bese uphumula emini uma uzizwa ukhathele.
• Buyela kancane emisebenzini yakho evamile uma uzizwa uqine kakhulu.
• Ungabambe iqhaza ezemidlalo yokuxhumana nezemidlalo kuze kube yilapho uthole i-OK yodokotela wakho.
• Xhumana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuqhuba, ukudlala imidlalo, ukuqhubela ibhayisikili noma ukusebenza imishini enzima. Isikhathi sakho sokuphendula cishe siye sahamba kancane ngenxa yokulimala kwengqondo yakho.
• Xhumana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngaphambi kokuthatha imithi.
• Ungaphuzi utshwala kuze kube yilapho uphulukile ngokuphelele. Uthwala lungase lucolise ukubuyiselwa, futhi ukuphuza okuningi kungase kukhulise ingozi yokulimaza okwesibili.
• Bhala izinto onenkinga yokuzikhumbula.
• Khuluma nomuntu omethembayo ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile.