Leukoplakia

I-Leukoplakia ivela njengezicucu ezinzima, ezimhlophe ezingaphakathi komlomo. Inezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona, kufaka phakathi ukulimala okuphindaphindayo noma ukuvuvukala. Ingaba futhi uphawu lomdlavuza womlomo noma uphawu lokuthi kungenzeka kube khona ushintsho oluholela emdlavuzini.

ILukoplakia (loo-koh-PLAY-key-uh) ibangela izicucu ezinzima, ezimhlophe ezakhiwa phezu kwamagxolo. Lezi zicucu zingase zakheke nangaphakathi kwamaphethelo nangezansi komlomo. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zicucu ziyakha olulimi. Lezi zicucu azikwazi ukukrwetshelwa phandle.

Odokotela abazi isizathu esiqondile se-leukoplakia. Kodwa ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo okuvela e-utabaco—kungaba yikukubhema, ukukhipha noma ukukugaya—kungaba yisizathu esivamile kunazo zonke. Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala isikhathi eside kuyisizathu esinye esingaba khona.

Izicucu eziningi ze-leukoplakia azilona umdlavuza. Kodwa ezinye izicucu zibonisa izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza. Umdlavuza emlonyeni ungase ube khona eduze kwendawo ze-leukoplakia. Izindawo ezimhlophe ezihlanganiswe nezindawo ezibomvu, okuthiwa yi-leukoplakia enamabala, kungenzeka ziholele emdlavuzini. Kungcono ukubona udentisti wakho noma udokotela uma unezinye izinguquko emlonyeni wakho ezingapheli.

Uhlobo lwe-leukoplakia emlonyeni oluthiwa yi-hairy leukoplakia ikakhulukazi ithonya abantu abaphucuzekile amasosha omzimba ngenxa yesifo, ikakhulukazi i-HIV/AIDS.

I-Leukoplakia ivame ukubonakala emazinyweni, ngaphakathi kwempumulo, phansi komlomo ngaphansi kolwimi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, olwimi. Ngokuvamile ayibuhlungu futhi ingase ingaphawulwe isikhathi esithile. I-Leukoplakia ingabonakala ngokuthi: Amaqatha amhlophe noma amnyama angasuswa. Amaqatha ane-rough, ridged, wrinkled noma smooth surface, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi. Amaqatha anemishapo nezinhlangothi ezingavamile. Amaqatha awokhulile noma aqinile. Amaqatha amhlophe e-leukoplakia angabonakala kanye nezindawo eziphakanyisiwe, ezibomvu ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythroplakia (uh-rith-roe-PLAY-key-uh). Lo mhlanganiso ubizwa ngokuthi i-speckled leukoplakia. La maqatha anethuba elikhulu lokubonisa izinguquko ezingase ziholele ekukhanyeni. I-hairy leukoplakia ibangela amaqatha amhlophe, afuze, afana nama-folds noma ama-ridges. Amaqatha avame ukwakheka eceleni kolwimi. I-hairy leukoplakia ivame ukudideka ne-oral thrush, ukutheleleka okubangela amaqatha amhlophe, akhanyayo angasuswa. I-oral thrush nayo ivame kubantu abanasistimu yokuthola amandla ebuthakathaka. Ngisho noma i-leukoplakia ingabangeli ubuhlungu, ngezinye izikhathi ingase iphawule isimo esinzima kakhulu. Bheka udokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uma unezinye zalezi: Amaqatha amhlophe noma ama-sores emlonyeni angapholi ngokwabo phakathi kwamasonto amabili. Ama-lumps emlonyeni. Amaqatha amhlophe, abomvu noma amnyama emlonyeni. Izinguquko ngaphakathi komlomo ezingapheli. Ubuhlungu be-Ear. Izinkinga zokugwinya. Izinkinga zokuvula umhlathi.

Nakuba i-leukoplakia ngokuvamile ingabangeli ubuhlungu, ngezinye izikhathi ingabonisa isimo esingathi sína kakhulu. Bheka udokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unezinye zalezi:

• Izicucu ezimhlophe noma amaqhuzu emlonyeni angelapheki ngokwabo phakathi namasonto amabili.
• Izicubu emlonyeni.
• Izicucu ezimhlophe, ezibomvu noma ezimnyama emlonyeni.
• Ukushintsha ngaphakathi komlomo okungapheli.
• Ubuhlungu beindlebe.
• Ukukhuluphala.
• Ukukhuluphala kokuvula umlomo.

Imbangela eqondile ye-leukoplakia ayaziwa. Kodwa-ke ukuvuvukala okungapheli okuvela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-tabha — okufumayo nekungafumi — kubonakala kuhambelana kakhulu namacala amaningi. Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi njalo bemikhiqizo ye-tabha engayimi bayithola i-leukoplakia ezindaweni lapho bebamba khona i-tabha phakathi kwamagxolo namaphahlwa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-betel nut, okuthiwa futhi yi-areca nut, kungaba yimbangela ye-leukoplakia. Iphakheji le-betel nut, njenge-tabha engayimi, ibekwa phakathi kwamagxolo namaphahlwa.

Ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona zingabandakanya ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo okuvela ku:

• Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo, okukhulu kwe-alcholi.
• Amazinyo aqhekekile, aphukile noma aqinile asabela emaphethelweni olulimi.
• Amazinyo okwenziwe noma amazinyo okwenziwe angafanelani kahle.

Udokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo angakhuluma nawe ngalokho okungaba yimbangela ye-leukoplakia.

I-leukoplakia enezinwele ivela ekuthelelekeni yi-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Uma usuvele utheleleke yi-EBV, i-virus ihlala emzimbeni wakho impilo yonke. Ngokuvamile i-virus ayisebenzi futhi ayibangeli izimpawu. Kodwa uma isimo sakho sokuvikela siminye, ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-HIV/AIDS, i-virus ingasebenza. Lokhu kungabangela izimo ezinjenge-leukoplakia enezinwele.

Ukusebenzisa utshaba, ikakhulukazi utshaba olungenamphunga, kukuveza engozini enkulu yokuhlakulela i-leukoplakia nomdlavuza womlomo. Ukusebenzisa utshwala isikhathi eside, ngokweqile, kukwandisa ingozi yakho. Ukusebenzisa utshwala kanye nokusebenzisa utshaba kukwandisa ingozi yakho nakakhulu.

Abantu abane-HIV/AIDS banesihle kakhulu sokuthuthukisa i-leukoplakia enezinwele. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ehambisa noma evikela umsebenzi we-HIV kuye kwancishisa inani labantu abatholakala be-leukoplakia enezinwele. Kodwa-ke kusawathinta abantu abaningi abane-HIV. Kungaba yinye yezimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka yi-HIV.

I-leukoplakia ngokuvamile ayilimazi unaphakade ingaphakathi lomlomo. Kodwa i-leukoplakia iyakwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo. Umdlavuza womlomo uvamise ukwakheka eduze kwamapetensi e-leukoplakia. Futhi amapetensi ngokwawo angabonisa ukuguquka komdlavuza. Ngisho nangemva kokususwa kwamapetensi e-leukoplakia, ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo ihlala ikhona.

I-leukoplakia enezinwele ayinaso ithuba lokubangela umdlavuza. Kodwa ingaba yisibonakaliso sokuqala se-HIV/AIDS.

Ungase ukwazi ukuvimbela i-leukoplakia uma ugwema imikhiqizo yonke yotshwala noma utshwala. Xoxa nodokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo ngezindlela zokusiza ekuyekezeni. Uma uqhubeka nokubhema noma ukukhinyabeza utshwala noma ukuphuza utshwala, hlola izinyo njalo. Ukulimala komlomo kuvame ukungabi buhlungu kuze kube sekuphambili. Ukuyeka utshwala notshwala iyindlela engcono yokuvimbela ukungcola komlomo. Uma une-immune system ebuthakathaka, ungase ungakwazi ukuvimbela i-leukoplakia enezinwele. Kepha ukuyithola ngokushesha kungakusiza ukuthi uthole ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ngokuvamile, udokotela wakho, udokotela wemazinyo noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uzobona ukuthi unaleukoplakia ngokuthi:

• Ukubuka amabala emlonyeni wakho.
• Ukuzama ukuhlanza amabala amhlophe.
• Ukukhuluma ngembali yakho yezokwelapha nezingozi.
• Ukuqeda ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona.

Uma unaleukoplakia, udokotela wakho cishe uzohlola isampula yamangqamuzana emlonyeni wakho ukuze ubone izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza, okuthiwa yi-biopsy:

• I-biopsy yebhulashi lomlomo. Kuloluvivinyo, amangqamuzana asuswa ebusweni bebala ngebhulashi elincane, elihambayo. Lovivinyo alunikela njalo ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile.
• I-biopsy yokusika. Kuloluvivinyo, ingxenye encane yethishu isuswa ebaleni le-leukoplakia. Uma ibala lincane, lonke ibala lingasuswa. I-biopsy yokusika ngokuvamile iholela ekuxilongweni okuqinisekile.

Uma i-biopsy ibonisa umdlavuza futhi udokotela wakho ususe lonke ibala le-leukoplakia nge-biopsy yokusika, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Uma ibala likhulu noma uma lonke alingasuswa, ungase udinga ukubona uchwepheshe wezokwelapha zomlomo noma uchwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo nomlomo (ENT) ukuze welashwe.

Uma unaleukoplakia enezinwele, cishe uzohlolwa izimo ezingabangela uhlelo lokukhululeka olubuthakathaka.