Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma

I-Medulloblastoma uhlobo lwe-kansa yengqondo oluqala engxenyeni yengqondo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-cerebellum. I-Medulloblastoma uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu lwe-tumor yengqondo eyingozi kubantwana.

I-Medulloblastoma (muh-dul-o-blas-TOE-muh) yi-tumor yengqondo eyingozi eqala ngemuva kwengqondo. Lena ingxenye yengqondo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-cerebellum. Ihileleke ekubambisaneni kwemisipha, ukulinganisela nokuhamba.

I-Medulloblastoma iqala njengokukhula kwamaseli, okuthiwa yi-tumor. Amaseli akhula ngokushesha futhi angasakazeka kwenye ingxenye yengqondo. Amaseli e-Medulloblastoma ahlala esakazeka ngokusebenzisa i-fluid ezungeze futhi avikele ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-cerebrospinal fluid. I-Medulloblastomas ayivame ukusakazeka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.

I-Medulloblastoma ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kodwa ihlala kwenzeka kubantwana abancane. Nakuba i-medulloblastoma ingavamile, yi-tumor yengqondo eyingozi evamile kakhulu kubantwana. I-Medulloblastoma ihlala iyenzeka emindenini enomlando wezimo ezikhuphula ingozi yekansa. Lezi zindlela zihlanganisa i-Gorlin syndrome noma i-Turcot syndrome.

• Ukukhungatheka.
• Ukubona okubili.
• Izinhlungu zikhanda.
• Ubuhlungu.
• Ukungabambisani okuhle.
• Ukukhathala.
• Ukuhamba okungazinzile.
• Ukugabha.

Inkqubo yokuxilongwa iqala ngokubukeza umlando wezokwelapha nokuxoxa ngezimpawu nezimpawu. Izivivinyo nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-medulloblastoma zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Neurological. Ngalesi sihloko, ukubona, ukuzwa, ukulinganisela, ukubambisana ne-reflexes kuvivinywa. Lokhu kungasiza ukukhombisa ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yengqondo engase ithinteke yi-tumor.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesampula yethishu. I-biopsy inqubo yokususa isampula ye-tumor ukuze ihlungwe. I-biopsies ye-medulloblastoma ayivamile kodwa ingase isetshenziswe ezimweni ezithile. Ku-biopsy, ingxenye yengqephu isuswa. I-needle isetshenziswa ukuthatha isampula ye-tumor. Isampula ihlungwa elabhoratri ukubona ukuthi iyi-medulloblastoma.

Ukuphathwa kwe-medulloblastoma kuvame ukufaka ukuhlinzwa okulandelelwa yi-radiation noma i-chemotherapy, noma kokubili. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo licabanga ngezinto eziningi lapho likha umklamo wokwelashwa. Lokhu kungafaka indawo ye-tumor, ukuthi ikhula kangakanani, ukuthi isakazeke yini kwenye ingxenye yengqondo kanye nemiphumela yezivivinyo kumaseli e-tumor. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa libuye licabange ngeminyaka yakho nempilo yakho yonke.

Izinketho zokwelashwa zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa i-medulloblastoma. Umgomo wokuhlinzwa ukususa yonke i-medulloblastoma. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka ukususa ngokuphelele i-tumor ngoba yakhiwa eduze kwemizimba ebalulekile ejulile ebuchophweni. Abantu abaningi abane-medulloblastoma badinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amaseli ekansa asale khona.
• I-Radiation therapy. I-Radiation therapy isebenzisa imisebe yamandla enamandla ukubulala amaseli ekansa. Amandla angavela ku-X-rays, amaprotons namanye imithombo. Ngesikhathi se-radiation therapy, umshini uqondisa imisebe yamandla ezintweni ezithile emzimbeni. I-Radiation therapy ivame ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
• I-Chemotherapy. I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi ukubulala amaseli ekansa. Ngokuvamile, abantwana nabantu abadala abane-medulloblastoma bathola le mithi njengokuqhafaza ezinhlungwini. I-Chemotherapy ingase isetshenziswe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma i-radiation therapy. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-radiation therapy.
• Izivivinyo zeklinikhi. Izivivinyo zeklinikhi zibhalisa ababambiqhaza abafanelekayo ukutadisha ukwelashwa okusha noma ukutadisha izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okukhona, njengokuhlanganiswa okuhlukile noma isikhathi se-radiation therapy ne-chemotherapy. Lezi zifundo zinikeza ithuba lokuzama izinketho zokwelashwa zakamuva, nakuba ingozi yemiphumela emibi ingase ingaziwa. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Lesi skani le-MRI elikhuthazwe yi-contrast likhanda lomuntu libonisa i-meningioma. Le meningioma ikhulile ngokwanele ukucindezela phansi kumaseli e-brain.

Izithombe ze-Brain tumor

Uma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ecabanga ukuthi ungaba ne-brain tumor, uzodinga ukuhlolwa nokuqondisa okuningi ukuze uqiniseke. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological. Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological kuhlola izingxenye ezahlukene ze-brain yakho ukuze ubone ukuthi zisebenza kanjani. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungafaka ukuhlola umbono wakho, ukuzwa, ibhalansi, ukuhlanganiswa, amandla kanye ne-reflexes. Uma unezinkinga kwenye noma ngaphezulu kwezindawo, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso somhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological akutholi i-brain tumor. Kodwa kusiza umhlinzeki wakho ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ye-brain yakho engaba ne-problem.

• Iskani le-Head CT. Iskani se-computed tomography, esibizwa nangokuthi i-CT scan, sisebenzisa i-X-rays ukwenza izithombe. Itholakala kabanzi, futhi imiphumela ibuya ngokushesha. Ngakho i-CT ingaba yivivinyo lokuqala lokwenza izithombe elienziwayo uma unezinhlungu zikhanda noma ezinye izimpawu ezinokubangela okuningi. Iskani se-CT singathola izinkinga ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-brain yakho. Imiphumela inikeza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo izibonakaliso zokunquma ukuthi yiliphi iviviyno okumele lenziwe ngokulandelayo. Uma umhlinzeki wakho ecabanga ukuthi i-CT scan yakho ibonisa i-brain tumor, ungadinga i-brain MRI.

• Iskani le-PET le-brain. Iskani se-positron emission tomography, esibizwa nangokuthi i-PET scan, singathola ezinye i-brain tumors. I-PET scan isebenzisa i-tracer eradioactive efihlwa e-vein. I-tracer ihamba ngegazi bese inamathela kumaseli e-brain tumor. I-tracer yenza amaseli e-tumor avele ezithombeni ezithathwe yi-PET machine. Amaseli ahlukanisayo futhi azala ngokushesha azothatha okuningi kwe-tracer.

  I-PET scan ingaba usizo kakhulu ekutholeni i-brain tumors ekhula ngokushesha. Izibonelo zifaka i-glioblastomas nezinye i-oligodendrogliomas. I-brain tumors ekhula kancane ingase ingatholakali kwi-PET scan. I-brain tumors engelona i-cancer ivame ukukhula kancane, ngakho i-PET scans ayilusizo kakhulu kwi-brain tumors enhle. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-brain tumor odinga i-PET scan. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma udinga i-PET scan.

• Ukuqoqa isampula yethishu. I-brain biopsy inqubo yokususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ukuze ihlolwe elabhoratri. Ngokuvamile udokotela uthola isampula ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukususa i-brain tumor.

  Uma ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka, isampula ingasuswa ngenisela. Ukususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ngenisela kwenziwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-stereotactic needle biopsy.

  Phakathi nalesi senzakalo, umgodi omncane ubokelwa ekhanda. Inela ecwebezelayo ifakwa ngomgodi. Inela isebenziselwa ukuthatha isampula yethishu. Izivivinyo zokwenza izithombe ezifana ne-CT ne-MRI zisetshenziswa ukuhlela indlela yeneela. Awusoze wazizwa lutho ngesikhathi se-biopsy ngoba imithi isebenziselwa ukunciphisa indawo. Ngokuvamile uthola nemithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ukuze ungazi lutho.

  Ungaba ne-needle biopsy kunokuba ukuhlinzwa uma iqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo likhathazekile ngokuthi ukusebenza kungalimaza ingxenye ebalulekile ye-brain yakho. Inela ingase idingeke ukususa ithishu evela kwi-brain tumor uma i-tumor isendaweni enzima ukufinyelela ngokuhlinzwa.

  I-Brain biopsy inengozi yezinkinga. Izingozi zifaka ukuphuza e-brain nokwenzakala kwe-brain tissue.

• Ukuhlola isampula yethishu elabhoratri. Isampula ye-biopsy ithunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze ihlolwe. Izivivinyo zingabona ukuthi amaseli anempetha noma awunayo impetha. Indlela amaseli abonakala ngayo ngaphansi komkhiqizo ingatshela iqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo ukuthi amaseli akhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-grade ye-brain tumor. Ezinye izivivinyo zingathola ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ze-DNA ezikhona kumaseli. Lokhu kusiza iqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo ukwakha uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

I-Brain MRI. I-Magnetic resonance imaging, ebizwa nangokuthi i-MRI, isebenzisa ama-magnets aqinile ukwenza izithombe zangaphakathi komzimba. I-MRI ivame ukusetshenziswa ekutholeni i-brain tumors ngoba ibonisa i-brain ngokucacile kunokuhlolwa kokwenza izithombe.

Ngokuvamile i-dye ifakwa e-vein engalweni ngaphambi kwe-MRI. I-dye yenza izithombe ezicacile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubona i-tumors encane. Kungasiza iqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo ukubona umehluko phakathi kwe-brain tumor ne-brain tissue enempilo.

Ngezinye izikhathi udinga uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-MRI ukwenza izithombe ezinemininingwane. Isibonelo esisodwa yi-functional MRI. Le MRI ekhethekile ibonisa ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ze-brain eziphethe ukukhuluma, ukuhamba neminye imisebenzi ebalulekile. Lokhu kusiza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuhlela ukuhlinzwa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Enye i-MRI test ekhethekile yi-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lo mvivinyo usebenzisa i-MRI ukulinganisa amazinga ezikhemikhali ezithile kumaseli e-tumor. Ukuba nokuningi noma okuncane kwezikhemikhali kungatshela iqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo ngohlobo lwe-brain tumor onayo.

I-Magnetic resonance perfusion iyinye i-MRI ekhethekile. Lo mvivinyo usebenzisa i-MRI ukulinganisa inani legazi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ze-brain tumor. Izingxenye ze-tumor ezinamazinga aphezulu egazi zingaba yizingxenye ezisebenza kakhulu ze-tumor. Iqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo lisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuhlela ukwelashwa kwakho.

Iskani le-PET le-brain. Iskani se-positron emission tomography, esibizwa nangokuthi i-PET scan, singathola ezinye i-brain tumors. I-PET scan isebenzisa i-tracer eradioactive efihlwa e-vein. I-tracer ihamba ngegazi bese inamathela kumaseli e-brain tumor. I-tracer yenza amaseli e-tumor avele ezithombeni ezithathwe yi-PET machine. Amaseli ahlukanisayo futhi azala ngokushesha azothatha okuningi kwe-tracer.

A PET scan ingaba usizo kakhulu ekutholeni i-brain tumors ekhula ngokushesha. Izibonelo zifaka i-glioblastomas nezinye i-oligodendrogliomas. I-brain tumors ekhula kancane ingase ingatholakali kwi-PET scan. I-brain tumors engelona i-cancer ivame ukukhula kancane, ngakho i-PET scans ayilusizo kakhulu kwi-brain tumors enhle. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-brain tumor odinga i-PET scan. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma udinga i-PET scan.

Ukuqoqa isampula yethishu. I-brain biopsy inqubo yokususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ukuze ihlolwe elabhoratri. Ngokuvamile udokotela uthola isampula ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukususa i-brain tumor.

Uma ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka, isampula ingasuswa ngenisela. Ukususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ngenisela kwenziwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-stereotactic needle biopsy.

Phakathi nalesi senzakalo, umgodi omncane ubokelwa ekhanda. Inela ecwebezelayo ifakwa ngomgodi. Inela isebenziselwa ukuthatha isampula yethishu. Izivivinyo zokwenza izithombe ezifana ne-CT ne-MRI zisetshenziswa ukuhlela indlela yeneela. Awusoze wazizwa lutho ngesikhathi se-biopsy ngoba imithi isebenziselwa ukunciphisa indawo. Ngokuvamile uthola nemithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ukuze ungazi lutho.

Ungaba ne-needle biopsy kunokuba ukuhlinzwa uma iqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo likhathazekile ngokuthi ukusebenza kungalimaza ingxenye ebalulekile ye-brain yakho. Inela ingase idingeke ukususa ithishu evela kwi-brain tumor uma i-tumor isendaweni enzima ukufinyelela ngokuhlinzwa.

I-Brain biopsy inengozi yezinkinga. Izingozi zifaka ukuphuza e-brain nokwenzakala kwe-brain tissue.

I-grade ye-brain tumor inikezwa lapho amaseli e-tumor ehlolwa elabhoratri. I-grade itshela iqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo ukuthi amaseli akhula futhi azala ngokushesha kangakanani. I-grade isekelwe endleleni amaseli abonakala ngayo ngaphansi komkhiqizo. I-grades ihluka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-4.

I-grade 1 brain tumor ikhula kancane. Amaseli awanahlukile kakhulu kumaseli anempilo aseduze. Njengoba i-grade iphakama, amaseli ayaqhubeka eguquka ukuze aqale ukubonakala ahlukile kakhulu. I-grade 4 brain tumor ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Amaseli awabonakali lutho njengamaseli anempilo aseduze.

Ayikho izigaba ze-brain tumors. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-cancer zinezigaba. Kulezi zinhlobo ze-cancer, isigaba sichaza ukuthi i-cancer iphezulu kangakanani nokuthi isakazeke yini. I-brain tumors ne-brain cancers azivamile ukusakazeka, ngakho azinazigaba.

Iqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo lisebenzisa lonke ulwazi oluvela ezivivinyweni zakho zokuxilonga ukuqonda i-prognosis yakho. I-prognosis iwukuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi i-brain tumor ingaphiliswa. Izinto ezingathinta i-prognosis yabantu abane-brain tumors zifaka:

• Uhlobo lwe-brain tumor.
• Ukushesha kokukhula kwe-brain tumor.
• Indawo ye-brain tumor e-brain.
• Yiziphi izinguquko ze-DNA ezikhona kumaseli e-brain tumor.
• Ukuthi i-brain tumor ingasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa yini.
• Ukuphila kwakho jikelele nokuzwela kwakho okuhle.

Uma ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe nge-prognosis yakho, xoxa neqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo.

Ukwelapha isibopho sengqondo kuncike ekutheni isibopho singumdlavuza wengqondo noma awusiwo umdlavuza, okuthiwa futhi isibopho esingalimi sengqondo. Izinketho zokwelapha ziphinde zincike ohlotsheni, usayizi, izinga nendawo yesibopho sengqondo. Izinketho zingafaka ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngomgogodla, i-radiosurgery, i-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa okuqondiswe. Uma ucabanga ngezinketho zakho zokwelapha, iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo libuye licabange ngempilo yakho yonke kanye nezifiso zakho. Ukwelapha kungenzeka kungadingeki ngokushesha. Ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma isibopho sakho sengqondo sincane, asiyona umdlavuza futhi alibangeli izimpawu. Izibopho ezincane, ezingezona umdlavuza zingakhula noma zingakhula kancane kangangokuba ngeke zibangele izinkinga. Ungase ube nokucubungula kwe-MRI yengqondo izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka ukuhlola ukukhula kwesibopho sengqondo. Uma isibopho sengqondo sikhuphuka ngokushesha kunokulindelekile noma uma uthola izimpawu, ungase udinga ukwelapha. Ekuhlinzweni kwe-endoscopic transsphenoidal transnasal, ithuluzi lokuhlinzwa libekwa ngesikhumba futhi eduze kweseptem nasal ukuze kufinyelelwe isibopho se-pituitary. Umgomo wokuhlinzwa kwesibopho sengqondo ukususa wonke amaseli esibopho. Isibopho asinakuhlala sisuswa ngokuphelele. Uma kungenzeka, udokotela uzama ukususa okuningi kwesibopho sengqondo ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuphepha. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sengqondo kungancika ekwelapheni imidlavuza yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezingezona umdlavuza. Ezinye izibopho zengqondo zincinyane futhi kulula ukuzihlukanisa nezinye izicubu zengqondo. Lokhu kwenza kube mhlophe ukuthi isibopho sizosuswa ngokuphelele. Ezinye izibopho zengqondo azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nezinye izicubu. Ngezinye izikhathi isibopho sengqondo siseduze nengxenye ebalulekile yengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kungase kube yingozi kuleli simo. Udokotela angase asuse okuningi kwesibopho ngangokuphepha. Ukususa ingxenye yesibopho sengqondo ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi i-subtotal resection. Ukususwa kwengxenye yesibopho sakho sengqondo kungasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zakho. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sengqondo. Iyiphi inketho engcono kuwe kuncike esimweni sakho. Isibonelo sezinhlobo zokuhlinzwa kwesibopho sengqondo zifaka:

• Ukususa ingxenye yengqondo ukuze ufike esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuhilela ukususa ingxenye yengqondo kubizwa ngokuthi i-craniotomy. Yindlela eningi yokusebenza kokususa isibopho sengqondo okwenziwayo. I-Craniotomy isebenziselwa ukwelapha imidlavuza yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezingezona umdlavuza. Udokotela wenza isiqu ezingutsheni zakho. Isikhumba nemisipha ziyahambisana. Khona-ke udokotela usebenzisa umshini wokusika ukususa ingxenye yethambo lengqondo. Ithambo lisuswa ukuze kufinyelelwe engqondweni. Uma isibopho sisezindlini zengqondo, ithuluzi lingase lisetshenziswe ukuthwala izicubu zengqondo eziphilile. Isibopho sengqondo siyasuswa ngamathuluzi akhethekile. Ngezinye izikhathi ama lasers asebenziselwa ukubhubhisa isibopho. Phakathi nokuhlinzwa, uthola imithi yokunciphisa indawo ukuze ungazizwa lutho. Uphinde unikezwe imithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi uvuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwengqondo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuvusiwe. Uma uvuswa, udokotela angase abuze imibuzo futhi ahlole umsebenzi engqondweni yakho njengoba uphendula. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimaza izingxenye ezibalulekile zengqondo. Uma ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sekuphelile, ingxenye yethambo lengqondo ibuyiswa endaweni.
• Ukusebenzisa ithyube elilukhulu, elibukhali ukuze ufike esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-Endoscopic kuhilela ukufaka ithyube elilukhulu, elibukhali engqondweni. Ithyube libizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope. Ithyube linezinto eziningi ze-lenses noma ikhamera encane edlulisa izithombe ku-surgeon. Amathuluzi akhethekile afakwa ngethyube ukususa isibopho. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-Endoscopic kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni izibopho ze-pituitary. Lezi zibopho zikhula ngemuva nje komgodi wempumulo. Ithyube elilukhulu, elibukhali libekwa ngempumulo nangamasinasi bese liya engqondweni. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-endoscopic kusetshenziswa ukususa izibopho zengqondo kwezinye izingxenye zengqondo. Udokotela angase asebenzise umshini wokusika ukwenza umgodi engqondweni. Ithyube elilukhulu, elibukhali libekwa ngokucophelela ezicubwini zengqondo. Ithyube liyaqhubeka kuze kufike esibophweni sengqondo. Ukususa ingxenye yengqondo ukuze ufike esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuhilela ukususa ingxenye yengqondo kubizwa ngokuthi i-craniotomy. Yindlela eningi yokusebenza kokususa isibopho sengqondo okwenziwayo. I-Craniotomy isebenziselwa ukwelapha imidlavuza yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezingezona umdlavuza. Udokotela wenza isiqu ezingutsheni zakho. Isikhumba nemisipha ziyahambisana. Khona-ke udokotela usebenzisa umshini wokusika ukususa ingxenye yethambo lengqondo. Ithambo lisuswa ukuze kufinyelelwe engqondweni. Uma isibopho sisezindlini zengqondo, ithuluzi lingase lisetshenziswe ukuthwala izicubu zengqondo eziphilile. Isibopho sengqondo siyasuswa ngamathuluzi akhethekile. Ngezinye izikhathi ama lasers asebenziselwa ukubhubhisa isibopho. Phakathi nokuhlinzwa, uthola imithi yokunciphisa indawo ukuze ungazizwa lutho. Uphinde unikezwe imithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi uvuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwengqondo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuvusiwe. Uma uvuswa, udokotela angase abuze imibuzo futhi ahlole umsebenzi engqondweni yakho njengoba uphendula. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimaza izingxenye ezibalulekile zengqondo. Uma ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sekuphelile, ingxenye yethambo lengqondo ibuyiswa endaweni. Ukusebenzisa ithyube elilukhulu, elibukhali ukuze ufike esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-Endoscopic kuhilela ukufaka ithyube elilukhulu, elibukhali engqondweni. Ithyube libizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope. Ithyube linezinto eziningi ze-lenses noma ikhamera encane edlulisa izithombe ku-surgeon. Amathuluzi akhethekile afakwa ngethyube ukususa isibopho. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-Endoscopic kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni izibopho ze-pituitary. Lezi zibopho zikhula ngemuva nje komgodi wempumulo. Ithyube elilukhulu, elibukhali libekwa ngempumulo nangamasinasi bese liya engqondweni. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-endoscopic kusetshenziswa ukususa izibopho zengqondo kwezinye izingxenye zengqondo. Udokotela angase asebenzise umshini wokusika ukwenza umgodi engqondweni. Ithyube elilukhulu, elibukhali libekwa ngokucophelela ezicubwini zengqondo. Ithyube liyaqhubeka kuze kufike esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sengqondo kunengozi yemiphumela emibi nezinhlungu. Lezi zingafaka ukutheleleka, ukuphuza igazi, ama-blood clots kanye nokulimala ezicubwini zengqondo. Ezinye izingozi zingase zincike engxenyeni yengqondo lapho isibopho sikhona. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kwesibopho esiseduze nezinzwa ezihlanganisa amehlo kungase kube nengozi yokulahlekelwa umbono. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho esinzwini elulawula ukuzwa kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Ukuphathwa komgogodla wezibopho zengqondo kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla enamandla ukubulala amaseli esibopho. Amandla angase avela kuma-X-rays, amaprotoni namanye imithombo. Ukuphathwa komgogodla wezibopho zengqondo kuvame ukuvela emishini ngaphandle komzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya komgogodla wangaphandle. Ngokungavamile, umgogodla ungafakwa ngaphakathi komzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-brachytherapy. Ukuphathwa komgogodla kungancika ekwelapheni imidlavuza yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezingezona umdlavuza. Ukuphathwa komgogodla wangaphandle kuvame ukwenziwa ekuhlaleni okufushane kwansuku zonke. Uhlelo lokwelapha oluvamile lungase luhilele ukuba nokuphathwa komgogodla izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto iintsuku eziyi-2 kuya kwezi-6. Ukukhanya komgogodla wangaphandle kungagxila kuphela endaweni yengqondo yakho lapho isibopho sikhona, noma kungafakwa engqondweni yakho yonke. Abantu abaningi abane sibopho sengqondo bazoba nomgogodla oqondiswe endaweni eseduze kwesibopho. Uma kunezibopho eziningi, ingqondo yonke ingase idinge ukwelashwa komgogodla. Uma ingqondo yonke ihlinzwa, kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya komgogodla wonke. Ukukhanya komgogodla wonke kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza osakazeka engqondweni kusuka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba futhi wakha izibopho eziningi engqondweni. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa komgogodla kusebenzisa ama-X-rays, kodwa uhlobo olusha lolu lwempilo lusebenzisa amandla avela kumaprotoni. Imisebe yamaprotoni ingaqondiswa ngokucophelela ukuze ilime amaseli esibopho kuphela. Zingase zingabi namandla okulimaza izicubu eziseduze eziphilile. Ukwelashwa kwamaprotoni kungase kusize ekwelapheni izibopho zengqondo ezinganeni. Kungasiza futhi ekwelapheni izibopho eziseduze kakhulu nezingxenye ezibalulekile zengqondo. Ukwelashwa kwamaprotoni akutholakali kakhulu njengokwelashwa komgogodla we-X-ray okuvamile. Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komgogodla wezibopho zengqondo kuncike ohlotsheni nendlela yokwelashwa komgogodla owutholayo. Imiphumela emibi evamile eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelapha noma ngemuva kwalo ukukhathala, izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu, ukulahleka kukhokhonkolo, ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba kanye nokulahleka kwenwele. Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komgogodla ivela eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Le miphumela emibi kamuva ingafaka izinkinga zokukhumbula nokucabanga. Ubuchwepheshe be-stereotactic radiosurgery busebenzisa ama-gamma rays amancane amaningi ukuletha inani eliqondile lomgogodla kwinhloso. I-Stereotactic radiosurgery yezibopho zengqondo iyindlela enamandla yokwelashwa komgogodla. Ihambisa imisebe yomgogodla evela ezingxenyeni eziningi esibophweni sengqondo. Umsebe ngamunye awunamandla kakhulu. Kodwa indawo lapho imisebe ihlangana khona ithola inani elikhulu lomgogodla elibulawa amaseli esibopho. I-Radiosurgery ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni imidlavuza yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezingezona umdlavuza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe olusetshenziswa e-radiosurgery ukuletha umgogodla ekwelapheni izibopho zengqondo. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:
• I-linear accelerator radiosurgery. Imishini ye-linear accelerator ibizwa nangokuthi imishini ye-LINAC. Imishini ye-LINAC iyaziwa ngamagama abo emikhiqizo, njenge-CyberKnife, i-TrueBeam nezinye. Umishini we-LINAC uqondisa imisebe yamandla ebushelelezi ngesikhathi esisodwa ezingxenyeni eziningi ezahlukene. Imisebe yenziwe ngama-X-rays.
• I-Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Umishini we-Gamma Knife uqondisa imisebe emincane eminingi yomgogodla ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imisebe yenziwe ngama-gamma rays.
• I-Proton radiosurgery. I-Proton radiosurgery isebenzisa imisebe eyenziwe ngamaprotoni. Lolu uhlobo olusha lwe-radiosurgery. Luyaqala ukuba luvamile kodwa alutholakali kuzo zonke izibhedlela. I-Radiosurgery ivame ukwenziwa ekwelapheni okukodwa noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ungabuya ekhaya ngemuva kokwelapha futhi awudingi ukuhlala esibhedlela. Imiphumela emibi ye-radiosurgery ihlanganisa ukukhathala kakhulu kanye nezinguquko zesikhumba esikhundleni sakho. Isikhumba sekhanda lakho singase sibe omile, sibe nomkhuhlane futhi sibe nomuzwa. Ungase ube namabhebhe esikhundleni noma ukulahleka kwenwele. Ngezinye izikhathi ukulahleka kwenwele kuhlala njalo. I-Chemotherapy yezibopho zengqondo isebenzisa imithi enamandla ukubulala amaseli esibopho. Imithi ye-chemotherapy ingathengwa ngendlela yephukuthe noma ifakwe emithanjeni. Ngezinye izikhathi imithi ye-chemotherapy ifakwa ezicubwini zengqondo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. I-Chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni imidlavuza yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezingezona umdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo njengokwelashwa komgogodla. Imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy kuncike ohlotsheni nendlela yemithi oyitholayo. I-Chemotherapy ingabangela ukugula, ukugabha kanye nokulahleka kwenwele. Ukuphathwa okuqondiswe kwezibopho zengqondo kusebenzisa imithi ehlasela izinto ezithile ezikhona ngaphakathi kwamaseli esibopho. Ngokuvimba lezi zinto, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kungabangela amaseli esibopho ukufa. Imithi yokwelapha okuqondiswe itholakala kwezinye izinhlobo ze-cancer yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezingezona umdlavuza. Amaseli esibopho sakho sengqondo angase avivinywe ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ukwelapha okuqondiswe kungenzeka kukusize. Ngemuva kokwelapha, ungase udinga usizo lokubuyisela umsebenzi engxenyeni yengqondo yakho eyayinesibopho. Ungase udinga usizo lokuhamba, ukukhuluma, ukubona nokucabanga. Ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase aphakamise:
• Ukuphathwa komzimba ukukusiza ubuyisele amakhono okunyakaza alahlekile noma amandla emisipha.
• Ukuphathwa komsebenzi ukukusiza ubuyele emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke evamile, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi.
• Ukuphathwa kokukhuluma ukukusiza uma ukukhuluma kunzima.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwezingane ezikhulu ukubasiza ukuba babhekane nezinguquko ekukhumbula nasekucabangeni kwabo. Bhalisa mahhala futhi uthole okusha mayelana nokuphathwa kwesibopho sengqondo, ukuxilongwa nokuhlinzwa. sixhumanisi sokususa i-imeyili. Ucwaningo oluncane luye lwenziwa ekuwelapheni okuhlanganisiwe nokukhethwa kwezibopho zengqondo. Awekho ukwelashwa okukhethwayo okuye kwabonakala kuphola izibopho zengqondo. Noma kunjalo, ukwelapha okuhlanganisiwe kungakusiza ukuba ubhekane nokucindezeleka kokuxilongwa kwesibopho sengqondo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingeke zikusize ukuba ubhekane nazo zifaka:
• Ukwelashwa ngezobuciko.
• Ukuzivocavoca.
• Ukucamngca.
• Ukwelashwa ngomculo.
• Ukuzivocavoca kokupumula. Khuluma neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nezinketho zakho. Abanye abantu bathi ukuxilongwa kwesibopho sengqondo kuzwakala kukhulu futhi kuyesabekayo. Kungase kukwenze uzizwe sengathi awunalo igunya lempilo yakho. Kungase kusize ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqonda isimo sakho nokukhuluma ngemizwa yakho. Cabanga ukuzama:
• Funda okwanele mayelana nezibopho zengqondo ukuze wenze izinqumo mayelana nokukhathalela kwakho. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nohlobo lwakho oluthile lwesibopho sengqondo. Buza ngezinketho zakho zokwelapha, futhi uma uthanda, i-prognosis yakho. Njengoba ufunda okuningi mayelana nezibopho zengqondo, ungase uzizwe kangcono ngokwenza izinqumo zokwelapha. Funafuna ulwazi oluvela emithonjeni ethembekile, njenge-American Cancer Society ne-National Cancer Institute.
• Gcina abangane nomndeni eduze. Ukugcina ubuhlobo bakho obuseduze buqinile kuzokusiza ukuba ubhekane nesibopho sakho sengqondo. Abangane nomndeni bangakunikeza ukwesekwa okuwusizo, njengokusiza ukunakekela ikhaya lakho uma usesibhedlela. Futhi bangakhonza njengokwesekwa ngokomzwelo uma uzizwa ukhulu ngumdlavuza.
• Thola umuntu okhuluma naye. Thola umlaleli omuhle ozimisele ukukuzwa ukhuluma ngethemba lakho nokumesaba kwakho. Lokhu kungase kube umngane, ilungu lomndeni noma ilungu lebandla. Cela iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuphakamisa umeluleki noma umsebenzi wokuxhumana kwezokwelapha ongaxoxa naye. Buza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo mayelana namaqembu wokusekela isibopho sengqondo endaweni yakho. Kungase kusize ukufunda ukuthi abanye abantu abasesimweni sakho bafuna kanjani ukubhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zezokwelapha. Thola umuntu okhuluma naye. Thola umlaleli omuhle ozimisele ukukuzwa ukhuluma ngethemba lakho nokumesaba kwakho. Lokhu kungase kube umngane, ilungu lomndeni noma ilungu lebandla. Cela iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuphakamisa umeluleki noma umsebenzi wokuxhumana kwezokwelapha ongaxoxa naye. Buza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo mayelana namaqembu wokusekela isibopho sengqondo endaweni yakho. Kungase kusize ukufunda ukuthi abanye abantu abasesimweni sakho bafuna kanjani ukubhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zezokwelapha.