Uyini i-Medulloblastoma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Medulloblastoma uhlobo lwe-tumor yengqondo ehluka e-cerebellum, ingxenye yengqondo yakho elawula ibhalansi nokuhlanganiswa kwemisipha. Yilona i-tumor yengqondo eyingozi kakhulu ebanjwa ngabantwana, nakuba ingase ibonakale kubantu abadala.

Le tumor ikhula emazelini avame ukusiza ekuthuthukiseni ingqondo ekuqaleni kokuphila. Nakuba ukuzwa lokhu kutholakala kungase kube nzima, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu eminyakeni edlule, futhi abantu abaningi baqhubeka bephila impilo enempilo, ezele ukwaneliseka ngemva kokwelashwa.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-medulloblastoma?

Izimpawu ze-medulloblastoma zivame ukuvela ngoba i-tumor icindezela izingxenye ezibalulekile zengqondo. Ungase uqaphele lezi zibonakaliso zivela kancane kancane noma ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Njengoba isipiliyoni sabo bonke abantu singahluka, kusiza ukuqonda uhlu lwezimpawu ezingase zenzeke. Nazi eziqhelekile kakhulu okufanele uzibheke:

• Ubuhlungu obungapheli ekhanda, ikakhulu ekuseni noma uma ulele phansi
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha, ikakhulu ekuseni
• Izinkinga zobhalansi noma ukuhluleka ukuhamba ngokulinganisela
• Ukungakwazi ukuhlanganisa izinto noma ukuhluleka ukuhlanganisa izinto
• Ukubona okubili noma ukushintsha kokubona
• Ukukhathala noma ukulala okungavamile
• Ukushintsha kokuziphatha noma ubuntu
• Ubunzima bokuqonda noma izinkinga zokukhumbula

Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngoba i-tumor ingavinela ukugeleza okujwayelekile koketshezi ebuchosheni, okubangela ukwanda kokucindezela. Izimpawu zokusasa zivame kakhulu ngoba ukulala phansi ebusuku kungandisa lokhu kucindezela.

Ezimweni ezithile, ungase ube nezimpawu ezingavamile njengezifo, ukushintsha kokuzwa, noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. Uma uqaphela noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yalezi zimpawu ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamalanga ambalwa, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho.

Yini ebangela i-medulloblastoma?

Imbangela eqondile ye-medulloblastoma ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ivela lapho amaseli athile engqondo eqala ukukhula ngokungavamile. La maseli avame ukusiza ekwakheni ingqondo phakathi nokuthuthukiswa.

Izimo eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, okungase kube nzima uma ufuna izimpendulo. Noma kunjalo, ososayensi baye bathola izinto eziningana ezingase zidlale indima:

• Ukushintsha kwe-genetic okwenzeka ngokungahleliwe phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwamaseli
• Izimo ze-genetic ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ezifana ne-Gorlin syndrome noma i-Turcot syndrome
• Ukukhishwa kwengqondo ngaphambili, nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu
• Ukushintsha okuthile kwe-genetic okudluliselwa emindenini

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-medulloblastoma ayibangelwa yilutho olukwenzile noma awukwenzanga. Ayithatheki, futhi ayibangelwa ukudla, izinqumo zokuphila, noma izinto ezingaphandle ongabezilawula.

Iningi lezimpawu zenzeka ngokungahleliwe, okusho ukuthi zenzeka ngengozi kunokuba zidluliselwe.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-medulloblastoma?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-medulloblastoma ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ekutheni amaseli e-tumor abonakala kanjani ngaphansi komkhiqizo kanye nezici zawo ze-genetic. Ukuqonda uhlobo lwakho oluthile kusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• I-Classic medulloblastoma - uhlobo oluqhelekile kakhulu olunezici zamaseli ajwayelekile
• I-Desmoplastic medulloblastoma - inenyama eningi futhi ivame ukuba nombono omuhle
• I-Large cell medulloblastoma - inamaseli amakhulu, angavamile
• I-Anaplastic medulloblastoma - inamaseli angavamile, akhula ngokushesha

Muva nje, odokotela bahlanganisa i-medulloblastomas ngezici zabo ze-molecular, okusho ukubuka ukushintsha okuthile kwe-genetic emazelini e-tumor. Le nqubo entsha yokwahlukanisa ihlanganisa ama-WNT, ama-SHH, iQembu 3, nama-Group 4 tumors.

Udokotela wakho uzokucacisela ukuthi unayo luphi uhlobo nokuthi kusho ukuthini ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa. Uhlobo ngalunye luphendula ngokuhlukile ekwelapheni, ngakho-ke lolu lwazi lusiza ekudaleni indlela yokwelapha ehambisana nawe.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela ngezimpawu ze-medulloblastoma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlushwa ubuhlungu obungapheli ekhanda kanye nokuphefumula, ikakhulu uma lezi zimpawu zimbi ekuseni. Le nhlanganisela ingaba yisibonakaliso esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ungalindi uma uqaphela izinkinga zobhalansi, ukushintsha kokubona, noma ubunzima bokuhlanganisa izinto obungapheli ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lezi zimpawu, ikakhulu uma zivela ndawonye, zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlushwa ubuhlungu obukhulu ekhanda obuhlukile kunanoma yiluphi oluke lwaba khona, ukugabha okuphindaphindayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile njengokugula, noma ukushintsha ngokuzumayo kokuzwa noma ukulala.

Kubantwana, qaphela ukushintsha kokuziphatha, ukusebenza esikoleni, noma izigaba zokuthuthuka. Ngezinye izikhathi izibonakaliso zokuqala kubantwana abancinyane zingase zibe ukukhathazeka okwandayo, ukushintsha kwemikhuba yokudla, noma ukubuyela emuva emakhunini abake bawafunda.

Ziyini izinto ezikhuthaza i-medulloblastoma?

Abantu abaningi abathuthukisa i-medulloblastoma abanazo izinto ezikhuthaza eziqondakalayo, okusho ukuthi ingathinta noma ubani. Noma kunjalo, kunezinto ezithile ezingase zikhulise kancane amathuba okuthuthukisa le tumor.

Ubudala yiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde. Nazi izinto ezikhuthaza eziyinhloko abaguli abazitholile:

• Ukuba umntwana noma umuntu osemusha (kuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-3-8)
• Ukuba owesilisa (kuvamile kakhulu kubafana nabesilisa)
• Ukuba nezimo ezithile ze-genetic ezifana ne-Gorlin syndrome
• Umlando womndeni we-tumors yengqondo, nakuba lokhu kungavamile
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla ngaphambili ekhanda noma ebuchosheni

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nenye noma ngaphezulu kwezinto ezikhuthaza akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa i-medulloblastoma. Abantu abaningi abanazo izinto ezikhuthaza abalitholi i-tumors, kanti abanye abangenazo izinto ezikhuthaza ezaziwayo bayalithola.

Izimo ze-genetic ezihlotshaniswa ne-medulloblastoma zingezona eziqhelekile. Ngisho noma unemlando womndeni we-tumors yengqondo, iningi le-medulloblastomas livela ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi izingxenye elidluliselwe.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-medulloblastoma?

I-Medulloblastoma ingabangela izinhlanganisela kokubili ezivela ku-tumor ngokwayo nangekwelashwa. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukulungiselela nokusebenzisana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuze uzilawule ngokuphumelelayo.

I-tumor ngokwayo ingabangela izinhlanganisela eziningi njengoba ikhula:

• I-Hydrocephalus (ukwakheka koketshezi ebuchosheni okubangela ukwanda kokucindezela)
• Izinkinga zobhalansi nokuhlanganiswa kwemisipha okungase kuqhubeke
• Ubunzima bokubona noma ukuzwa
• Ukushintsha kwengqondo okuthinta ukukhumbula, ukunaka, noma ukufunda
• Izinkinga zokukhula nokuthuthuka kubantwana
• Izifo, nakuba lokhu kungavamile

Izinhlanganisela ezihlobene nokwelashwa zingase zenzeke, nakuba izindlela zanamuhla zihlose ukunciphisa lokhu. Ukuhlinzwa kungase kubangele ukwanda okwesikhashana noma, ngokungavamile, ukutheleleka. Umgogodla kanye ne-chemotherapy kungathinta ukuthuthuka okujwayelekile kwengqondo kubantwana futhi kungase kubangele ukukhathala, ukwehla kwezinwele, noma ukushintsha emisebenzini yamahomoni.

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ingase ihlanganise ubunzima bokufunda, ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa, noma izinkinga zokukhula, ikakhulu kubantwana abangqondo zabo zisathuthuka. Noma kunjalo, izinhlanganisela eziningi zalezi zingaphathwa ngokunakekelwa okusekayo nokubuyiselwa.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokulandela eduze kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela futhi lisebenze ukuyivimbela noma ukuyiphatha ngokushesha. Abantu abaningi baba nemiphumela embalwa yesikhathi eside noma abaphatheka kalula, ikakhulukazi ngezindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla.

I-medulloblastoma ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-medulloblastoma kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana ukuze uthole umbono ophelele walokho okwenzekayo ebuchosheni bakho. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngengxoxo eningiliziwe mayelana nezimpawu zakho kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba.

Inqubo yokuhlola ivame ukufaka la manyathelo ayisihluthulelo:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological ukuhlola ibhalansi, ukuhlanganiswa kwemisipha, imiphendulo, kanye nomsebenzi wengqondo
2. I-MRI scan yengqondo nomgogodla ukuthola nokulinganisa i-tumor
3. I-CT scan uma kudingeka izithombe eziningi zamathambo
4. I-Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) ukuhlola amaseli e-tumor e-spinal fluid
5. I-Biopsy noma ukuhlinzwa kokususa i-tumor ukuhlola amaseli ngaphansi komkhiqizo
6. Ukuhlolwa kwe-molecular ukuze kunqunywe uhlobo oluthile lwe-medulloblastoma

I-MRI ivame ukuba yivivinyo elibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ibonisa usayizi we-tumor, indawo, nobuhlobo bayo nezinto ezizungezile ebuchosheni.

Ukuthola isampula yenyama kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhlonishwa nokunquma uhlobo oluthile lwe-medulloblastoma. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kokususa i-tumor, ngakho-ke ukuhlonishwa nokwelashwa kokuqala kuvame ukwenzeka ndawonye.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingase li-ode izilingo ezengeziwe ezifana nokulinganisa ukuzwa noma ukuhlolwa kwezinga lama-hormone ukuhlola ukuthi i-tumor ingase ibe yithinta kanjani ezinye imisebenzi yomzimba.

Uyini ukwelashwa kwe-medulloblastoma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-medulloblastoma kuvame ukufaka inhlanganisela yokuhlinzwa, i-radiation therapy, ne-chemotherapy. Uhlelo oluthile kuncike ezintweni ezifana nohlobo lwe-tumor, indawo yayo, ubudala bakho, nempilo yakho jikelele.

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba yisinyathelo sokuqala futhi kuhlose ukususa iningi le-tumor ngokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka. I-neurosurgeon yakho izosebenza ngokucophelela ukuze igcine imisebenzi ebalulekile yengqondo ngenkathi isusa inyama ye-tumor.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, abantu abaningi bathola ukwelashwa okwengeziwe:

• I-Radiation therapy ukuqondisa noma yimaphi amaseli e-tumor asale ebuchosheni nangesikhathi esithile emgogodleni
• I-Chemotherapy usebenzisa imithi engangena ebuchosheni ukubulala amaseli e-cancer
• I-High-dose chemotherapy nge-stem cell rescue ezimweni ezithile ezingozi
• Imithi ye-Targeted therapy yezinhlobo ezithile ze-tumor

Kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-3, odokotela bavame ukulibambezela noma ukugwema umgogodla uma kunokwenzeka ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ebuchosheni obuthuthukayo. Esikhundleni salokho, bangase basebenzise i-chemotherapy enkulu noma ukwelashwa okuqondiswe okusha.

Isikhathi sokwelashwa sivame ukuba yizinyanga eziyi-6-12, nakuba lokhu kuhluka ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile. Phakathi nokwelashwa, uzosebenza neqembu lezazi zezokwelapha ezihlanganisa i-neurosurgeons, i-oncologists, i-radiation specialists, kanye nabasebenzi abasekelayo.

Izindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla ziye zaqhubeka kakhulu, abantu abaningi bezuza ukukhululeka okwesikhathi eside. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokulandela eduze ngesikhathi nangaphandle kokwelashwa ukuqinisekisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-medulloblastoma?

Ukuphatha izimpawu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ugcine amandla akho ukuze uphulukiswe. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokunikeza isiqondiso esithile, kodwa kunezindlela eziningana ezijwayelekile ezingasiza.

Ngobuhlungu ekhanda nokuphefumula, udokotela wakho angase anikeze imithi yokunciphisa ukwanda kwebuchosheni nokulawula ukuphefumula. Ukuthatha le miithi njengoba kuqondiswe, ngisho noma uzizwa kangcono, kusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu ekuphindweni.

Nazi ezinye izindlela zokusekela ezingasiza:

• Phumula egumbini elizolile, elinamthunzi uma ubuhlungu ekhanda buvela
• Dla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile ukuze usize ngokuphefumula
• Hlala uthambile ngokuphuza amanzi acacile usuku lonke
• Sebenzisa izinto zokusiza ukuhamba njenge-handrails noma izinto zokuhamba uma ibhalansi ithonya
• Landela uhlelo lokuzivocavoca oluthambile njengoba kuvunyelwe yiqembu lakho lezokwelapha
• Thatha imithi yokuhlungu, ukuphefumula, noma izifo njengoba kuqondiswe

Uma uhlushwa izinkinga zobhalansi, i-physical therapy ingasiza kakhulu. I-physical therapist ingakufundisa ukuzivocavoca nezinqubo zokuqeda ukungazinzi nokunciphisa ingozi yokuwa.

Ungangabazi ukuxhumana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ozibona. Bangase bashintshe imithi noma banikeze ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ukuze usize uzizwe ukhululekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani izikhathi zakho zokuya kudokotela?

Ukulungiselela izikhathi zakho zokuya kudokotela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho neqembu lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukuba nolwazi oluhleliwe nemibuzo ekulungele kwenza ukuvakasha kube nomphumela omuhle kubo bonke.

Ngaphambi kokuvakasha kwakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Qaphela ukuthi yini eyenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi, nanoma yiziphi izindlela oziqaphele.

Nansi into okufanele uyilethe nokulungiselela:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, izongezelelo, namavithamini owathathayo
• Amakhadi e-Insurance nanoma yiziphi izincwadi zokudlulisela ezidingekayo
• Amarekhodi ezempilo wangaphambili, imiphumela yokuhlola, noma izifundo zokufana
• Uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza
• Umgqugquzeli othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni lokusekela nokusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi
• Incwadi noma ifoni yokuthatha amanothi ngesikhathi sokuvakasha

Cabanga ukuthi ubuze ngezindlela zokwelapha, imiphumela ebiyelwe, isikhathi sokuphulukiswa, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele ezigabeni ezahlukene zokunakekelwa. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu - iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukuthi uqonde isimo sakho nokwelashwa.

Uma uzizwa ukhuluphuka noma unemiphumela, lokho kuyinto evamile. Xelela iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi uzizwa kanjani - banolwazi ekunikezeni kokubili ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nokusekela ngokomzwelo ngezikhathi ezinzima.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-medulloblastoma?

I-Medulloblastoma yilona i-tumor yengqondo ebuhlungu kodwa elapheka ebonakala ikakhulu kubantwana nabantu abadala abasebasha. Nakuba ukuthola lokhu kutholakala kungase kube nzima, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi imiphumela yokwelashwa iye yaqhubeka kakhulu eminyakeni eminingi edlule.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha linolwazi olukhulu ekwelapheni i-medulloblastoma futhi lizohlala lisebenza nawe ukuze likwakhe uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile.

Ukuqaphela izimpawu ngokushesha nokwelashwa ngokushesha kukunika amathuba amahle kakhulu okuphumelela. Abantu abaningi abake bawelashwa nge-medulloblastoma baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, enempilo ngemiphumela embalwa yesikhathi eside.

Gxila ekuthatheni izinto isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ulandele uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, futhi uxhomeke ohlelweni lwakho lokusekela lomndeni, abangane, nababoneleli bezempilo. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokusekelwa, kunesizathu sokulindela ikusasa lakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana ne-medulloblastoma

Ingabe i-medulloblastoma ihlala ibulawa?

Cha, i-medulloblastoma ayihlali ibulawa. Ngokwelashwa kwamanje, abantu abaningi bathola ukukhululeka okwesikhathi eside futhi baphila isikhathi eside esijwayelekile. Amanani okuphulukisa aye athuthuka kakhulu, ikakhulu ezimweni ezingozi.

Ingabe i-medulloblastoma ingabuya ngemva kokwelashwa?

Nakuba i-medulloblastoma ingabuya, abantu abaningi abaqeda ukwelashwa bahlala bengenasifo isikhathi eside. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokulandela ngezilingo ezijwayelekile nokuhlola ukuze lithole noma yikuphi ukubuyela kwesifo ngokushesha. Uma ibuya, kuvame ukuba nezindlela zokwelapha ezengeziwe ezitholakalayo.

Ingabe umntwana wami uzohlushwa ubunzima bokufunda ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-medulloblastoma?

Abantwana abathile bangase babe nezinguquko zokufunda noma zengqondo ngemva kokwelashwa, ikakhulu uma bathole i-radiation therapy besebancane. Noma kunjalo, abantwana abaningi bazilungisa kahle futhi baphumelela ngokufunda ngokusekelwa okufanele. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingakuxhumanisa nezazi zezemfundo nezinsizakalo zokubuyiselwa ukuze lisize ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthuka komntwana wakho.

Ukwelashwa kwe-medulloblastoma kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba yizinyanga eziyi-6-12, kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa, i-radiation therapy, ne-chemotherapy. Isikhathi esithile kuncike ohlelweni lwakho oluthile lokwelapha nokuthi uphendula kanjani ekwelapheni. Ukubuyiselwa nokubuyiselwa emuva kungase kuqhubeke izinyanga ezengeziwe njengoba ubuyisela amandla nomsebenzi.

Ingabe abantu abadala bangathola i-medulloblastoma?

Yebo, nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, abantu abadala bangathola i-medulloblastoma. Izimo zabantu abadala zivame ukuba nezici ezihlukile kunama-tumors wobutwana futhi zingase zidinga izindlela zokwelapha ezishintshiwe. Abantu abadala bavame ukubekezelela i-radiation therapy kangcono kunabantwana, okungaba yingxenye yenzuzo yokwelashwa.