Myocarditis

I-myocarditis iwukuvuvukala kwemisipha yentliziyo. Lesi siboniso sibonisa umsipha wentliziyo ojwayelekile uma uqhathaniswa nomsipha wentliziyo olimele ngenxa yokuvuvukala.

I-Myocarditis iwukuvuvukala kwemisipha yentliziyo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-myocardium. Lesi simo singanciphisa ikhono lentliziyo lokupompa igazi. I-Myocarditis ingabangela ubuhlungu ebeleni, ukuthukuthela komoya, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile.

Ukutheleleka nge-virus kungesinye sezizathu ze-myocarditis. Ngezinye izikhathi i-myocarditis ibangelwa ukusebenza kwemithi noma isimo esibangela ukuvuvukala emzimbeni wonke.

I-Myocarditis eqatha iyancipha inhliziyo ukuze ingxenye yomzimba ingatholi igazi elikwanele. Ama-clots angakha enhliziyweni, okubangela isiguli noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Ukuphathwa kwe-myocarditis kungafaka imithi, izinqubo noma ukuhlinzwa.

Abanye abantu abane-myocarditis yasekuqaleni abanawo ubuhlungu. Abanye banezimpawu ezincane. Izimpawu ezivamile ze-myocarditis zihlanganisa: Ubuhlungu ebeleni. Ukukhathala. Ukukhula kwamagxa, iinzwane neenyawo. Ukuphakama okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo, okuthiwa yi-arrhythmias. Ukuphefumula okufushane, uma ukhulu noma ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Ukukhanya noma ukuzizwa sengathi ungase udle. Izimpawu ezifana ne-influenza njengokukhathazeka, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba, ubushushu noma ukuhlunguluka komlomo. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu ze-myocarditis zifana nezimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo. Uma unebuhlungu ebeleni obungachazwanga kanye nokuphefumula okufushane, funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo. Uma izingane zithola i-myocarditis, izimpawu zingafaka: Ubunzima bokuqeda. Ukuphefumula okusheshayo. Ubuhlungu ebeleni. Ukuphakama okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo, okuthiwa yi-arrhythmias. Ukudlula. Ubushushu. Xhumana nochwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unezimpawu ze-myocarditis. Izimpawu ze-myocarditis zingabonakala sengathi yisigameko senhliziyo. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo uma unebuhlungu ebeleni obungachazwanga, ukuphakama okusheshayo kwenhliziyo noma ukuphefumula okufushane. Uma unezimpawu ezinzima, hamba endlini yokwelapha ephuthumayo noma shayela ucele usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo.

Xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo uma unezimpawu zomyocarditis. Izimpawu zomyocarditis zingabonakala njengokuhlushwa yisifo senhliziyo. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo uma unezinhlungu esifubeni ezingachazwanga, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma ukuqina komoya. Uma unezimpawu ezinzima, hamba endlini yokwelapha ephuthumayo noma shayela ucele usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo.

Ukutheleleka kungabangela myocarditis.

• Ama-virus. Ama-virus amaningi ahlanganiswe ne-myocarditis, kuhlanganise ne-adenovirus, ebangela ukubanda okuvamile; i-COVID-19 virus; ama-virus abangela i-hepatitis B ne-C; i-parvovirus, ebangela isikhumba esilula, ngokuvamile kubantwana; ne-herpes simplex virus.

Ukutheleleka kwamathumbu ngenxa yama-echoviruses, i-Epstein-Barr virus, ebangela i-mononucleosis, ne-German measles, ebizwa nangokuthi i-rubella, konke kungabangela i-myocarditis. I-Myocarditis ingabangelwa yi-HIV, i-virus ebangela i-AIDS.

• Iintsholongwane. Iintsholongwane ezingabangela i-myocarditis zihlanganisa i-staphylococcus, i-streptococcus, neentsholongwane ezingabangela i-diphtheria ne-Lyme disease.
• Izilwanyana ezincinci. Izilwanyana ezincinci ezingabangela i-myocarditis yi-Trypanosoma cruzi ne-toxoplasma. Ezinye izilwanyana ezincinci zidluliselwa yizinambuzane futhi zingabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-Chagas disease. I-Chagas disease ivame kakhulu e-Central nase-South America kunase-United States.
• Ama-fungi. Ukutheleleka kwama-fungi kungabangela i-myocarditis, ikakhulu kubantu abanesistimu yokuvikela emzimbeni ebuthakathaka. Ukutheleleka kwama-fungi okuhlanganiswe ne-myocarditis kuhlanganisa ukutheleleka kwama-yeast, njenge-candida; ama-molds, njenge-aspergillus; ne-histoplasma, evame ukutholakala emathunjini ezinyoni.

Ama-virus. Ama-virus amaningi ahlanganiswe ne-myocarditis, kuhlanganise ne-adenovirus, ebangela ukubanda okuvamile; i-COVID-19 virus; ama-virus abangela i-hepatitis B ne-C; i-parvovirus, ebangela isikhumba esilula, ngokuvamile kubantwana; ne-herpes simplex virus.

Ukutheleleka kwamathumbu ngenxa yama-echoviruses, i-Epstein-Barr virus, ebangela i-mononucleosis, ne-German measles, ebizwa nangokuthi i-rubella, konke kungabangela i-myocarditis. I-Myocarditis ingabangelwa yi-HIV, i-virus ebangela i-AIDS.

I-Myocarditis ingabangelwa futhi yi:

• Imithi ethile noma izidakamizwa ezingamthetho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithi esetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza; ama-antibiotics, njenge-penicillin nama-sulfonamide drugs; eminye imithi yokulwa nokuhlwitha; ne-cocaine. Uma lokhu kubangela i-myocarditis, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-drug-induced myocarditis.
• Amakhemikhali noma ukushiswa. Ukubhekana ne-carbon monoxide nokushiswa ngezikhathi ezithile kungabangela i-myocarditis.
• Ezinye izimo zempilo. Izimo ezingabangela i-myocarditis zihlanganisa i-lupus, i-Wegener's granulomatosis, i-giant cell arteritis ne-Takayasu's arteritis.

Ngokuvamile, imbangela ye-myocarditis ayitholakali.

Ngokuvamile, i-myocarditis iyahamba ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Noma kunjalo, i-myocarditis eqatha ingalimaza inhliziyo ngokuphakade.

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-myocarditis zingafaka:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Uma ingaphathwa, i-myocarditis ingalimaza inhliziyo kangangokuba ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle. Abantu abane-heart failure ehambisana ne-myocarditis bangadinga idivayisi yokusiza i-ventricular noma ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo.
• Ukubamba kwenhliziyo noma isifo sobuchopho. Uma inhliziyo ilimaziwe futhi ingakwazi ukupompa igazi, igazi eliqoqana enhliziyweni lingakha ama-clots. Ukubamba kwenhliziyo kungenzeka uma i-clot ivala omunye wemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo. Isifo sobuchopho singenzeka uma i-blood clot enhliziyweni ihamba iye emthambekeni oya ebuchosheni.
• Ukushushumbisa noma ukungalingani kokushaya kwenhliziyo, okuthiwa yi-arrhythmias. Ukwenzakala kwemisipha yenhliziyo kungashintsha indlela inhliziyo eshaya ngayo. Ezinye i-arrhythmias zikhuphula ingozi yesifo sobuchopho.
• Ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo. Ezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu zokungalingani kokushaya kwenhliziyo zingabangela ukuba inhliziyo iyeke ukushaya ngokuzumayo, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-sudden cardiac arrest. Uma kuholela ekufeni kubizwa ngokuthi ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo.

Akukaqediwe ukuvimbela i-myocarditis. Noma kunjalo, ukuthatha la manyathelo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kungasiza:

• Gwema abantu abagulayo. Gwema abantu abanezimpawu ze-influenza noma ezinye izifo zokuphefumula kwaze kwaba yilapho bephilile. Uma ugula ngezimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-viral, zama ukugwema ukudlulisa amagciwane kwabanye.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo. Ukugeza izandla njalo kuyindlela enye engcono kakhulu yokungaguli nokusakaza amagciwane.
• Gwema ukuziphatha okuyingozi. Ukuze unciphise amathuba okuthola ukutheleleka kwe-myocardial ehlobene ne-HIV, yenza ubulili obulondekile futhi ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa ezingasemthethweni.
• Thola izigqoko ezicelwe. Hlala usesikhathini ngezigqoko ezicelwe, kufaka phakathi lezo ezivikela kwi-COVID-19, i-influenza ne-rubella - izifo ezingabangela i-myocarditis. Ngokungavamile, isifo sokugoma se-COVID-19 singabangela i-myocarditis nokuvuvukala kwesikhumba sangaphandle senhliziyo, okuthiwa yi-pericarditis, ikakhulukazi kumadoda aneminyaka engama-12 kuya kwangama-29. Xoxa neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngezinzuzo nezingozi zezigqoko.

Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni kwe-myocarditis kubalulekile ekuvimbeni ukonakala kwenhliziyo isikhathi eside. Ukuze uxilongwe i-myocarditis, ochwepheshe bezempilo bakuhlola futhi balalele inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope.

Izivivinyo zegazi nezezithombe zingase zenziwe ukuhlola impilo yenhliziyo yakho. Izivivinyo zezithombe zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni i-myocarditis nokunquma ubukhulu bayo.

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga i-myocarditis zihlanganisa:

• Izivivinyo zegazi. Izivivinyo zegazi ngokuvamile zenziwa ukuhlola ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, ukuvuvukala nokutheleleka. Uvivinyo lwe-enzyme yenhliziyo lungahlola amaprotheni ahlobene nokonakala kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Izivivinyo zegazi ze-antibody zingasiza ekufundeni ukuthi ngabe ube nokutheleleka okuxhunyaniswe ne-myocarditis.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG). Lo mvivinyo osheshayo futhi ongenaphimbo ubonisa indlela inhliziyo ebetha ngayo. Ochwepheshe bezempilo bakho bangabuka amaphethini esibonakaliso ku-ECG ukuze bafunde ukuthi uba nama-heartbeats angajwayelekile.
• X-ray yesifuba. I-X-ray yesifuba ibonisa usayizi nokuma kwenhliziyo nemiphunga. I-X-ray yesifuba ingatshela ukuthi kukhona yini i-fluid eku- noma eduze kwenhliziyo okungenzeka ukuthi kuhlobene nokungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo.
• I-Heart MRI, ebizwa nangokuthi i-cardiac MRI. Lo mvivinyo usebenzisa ama-magnetic fields namaza erediyo ukudala izithombe ezinemininingwane yenhliziyo. I-cardiac MRI ibonisa usayizi, ukuma nokwakheka kwenhliziyo. Ingasiza ekuxilongeni i-myocarditis.
• Echocardiogram. Amaza omsindo adala izithombe ezihamba kwenhliziyo ebethayo. I-echocardiogram ingabonisa usayizi wenhliziyo nokuthi igazi ligeleza kangcono kanjani ngenhliziyo ne-heart valves. I-echocardiogram ingabona ukuthi kukhona yini i-fluid eduze kwenhliziyo.
• Cardiac catheterization nokuthatha i-biopsy yemisipha yenhliziyo. Udokotela ubeka i-tube encane, eguqekayo ebizwa nge-catheter esithombeni legazi engalweni noma e-groin. Iholwa esithombeni segazi esenhliziyweni. I-dye igeleza nge-catheter ukuze isize izithombe ze-artery zenhliziyo zibonakale ngokucacile kakhulu ku-X-rays. Isibonelo esincane sesicubu semisipha yenhliziyo singathathwa ngalesi sivivinyo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy. Isibonelo sithunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze sihlolwe izimpawu ze-myocarditis noma ukutheleleka.

Ngokuvamile, i-myocarditis iphulukana yodwa noma ngokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwe-myocarditis kugxila esizathwini nasezimpaweni, njengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukwelashwa kwe-myocarditis kungafaka: Imithi. Amadivayisi ezokwelapha. Ukuhlinzwa. Imithi Abantu abane-myocarditis emaphakathi bangadinga kuphela ukuphumula nemithi. Uma i-myocarditis iyingozi, imithi inganikezwa nge-IV esibhedlela ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha ikhono lenhliziyo lokupompa igazi. Imithi yokwelapha i-myocarditis ingafaka: I-Corticosteroids. Le mithi ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile ze-viral myocarditis, njenge-giant cell ne-eosinophilic myocarditis. Imithi yokuvimbela ukugqwala kwegazi. Uma i-myocarditis ibangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, imithi inganikezwa ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokugqwala kwegazi enhliziyweni. Imithi yenhliziyo. Imithi ingasetshenziswa ukususa amanzi engeziwe emzimbeni nokunciphisa umthwalo enhliziyweni. Ezinye izinhlobo zemithi ezingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izimpawu ze-myocarditis yi-diuretics, i-beta blockers, i-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors noma i-angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs). Imithi yokwelapha izimo ezingapheli. Ngezinye izikhathi enye isimo sempilo, njenge-lupus, ibangela i-myocarditis. Ukwelapha lesi simo esiyisisekelo kungasiza ekuqedeni ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Abanye abantu abane-myocarditis bathatha imithi izinyanga ezimbalwa nje bese bephulukana ngokuphelele. Abanye bangase babe nokulimala kwenhliziyo isikhathi eside okudingayo imithi yempilo yonke. Kubalulekile ukuba nokuhlolwa kwempilo okuvamile ngemuva kwe-myocarditis ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini izinkinga. Izindlela zokwelapha Ukwelashwa okuthiwa yi-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) kungasetshenziswa ukusiza inhliziyo ukuthi iphulukane noma ngenkathi ulinde ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokutshalwa kwenhliziyo. Umshini we-ECMO usebenza njengemiphunga. Ukususa i-carbon dioxide futhi unezele i-oksijini egazini. Uma unehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu, le divayisi ingathumela i-oksijeni emzimbeni wakho. Ngesikhathi se-ECMO, igazi lisuswa emzimbeni ngezikhwephu, lidlulela emishinini bese libuyela emzimbeni. Ukuhlinzwa nezinqubo I-myocarditis eyingozi idinga ukwelashwa okuqine kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kungafaka: I-Ventricular assist device (VAD). I-VAD iyasiza ekupompeni igazi emakhameni angaphansi enhliziyo kuye kwenye ingxenye yomzimba. Kuyindlela yokwelapha inhliziyo ebuthakathaka noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile kuvame ukudingeka ukuze kubekwe le divayisi emzimbeni. Le divayisi ingasetshenziswa ukusiza inhliziyo ukuba isebenze ngenkathi ulinde ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokutshalwa kwenhliziyo. I-Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). Le divayisi iyasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukugeleza kwegazi nokunciphisa umthwalo enhliziyweni. Ibekwe emithanjeni enkulu yomzimba, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-aorta. Udokotela ufake ithyube elithambile elibizwa ngokuthi yi-catheter emithanjeni yegazi ohlangothini bese uyikhomba ku-aorta. Ibhaluni ehlanganisiwe ekupheleni kwe-catheter iyakhula futhi iyancipha njengoba inhliziyo ishaya futhi iphumula. Ukuthunyelwa kwenhliziyo. Ukuthunyelwa kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kungadingeka kulabo abane-myocarditis eyingozi kakhulu. Ulwazi Olwengeziwe Ukunakekelwa kwe-Myocarditis eMayo Clinic I-Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) Ukuthunyelwa kwenhliziyo I-Ventricular assist device Khombisa olunye ulwazi oluhlobene Cela i-aphoyintimenti Kukhona inkinga ngolwazi oluvezwe ngezansi bese uthumela kabusha ifomu. Kusuka eMayo Clinic kuya ebhokisini lakho le-imeyili Bhalisa mahhala futhi uhlale usesikhathini ngezinkqubo zocwaningo, amathiphu empilo, izihloko zempilo zamanje, nokubaluleka kokuphatha impilo. Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole i-imeyili yokubuka kuqala. Ikheli le-imeyili 1 Iphutha Ibhokisi le-imeyili liyadingeka Iphutha Faka ikheli le-imeyili elisebenzayo Funda kabanzi ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Mayo Clinic idatha. Ukuze sikunikeze ulwazi olufanele kakhulu nolusizo, nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olusizo, singase sihlanganise ulwazi lwakho lwe-imeyili nokusetshenziswa kwewebhusayithi nolunye ulwazi esinalo ngawe. Uma ungumguli weMayo Clinic, lokhu kungafaka ulwazi oluvikelwe lwempilo. Uma sihlanganisa lolu lwazi nolwazi lwakho oluvikelwe lwempilo, sizophatha lonke lolu lwazi njengolwazi oluvikelwe lwempilo futhi sizosebenzisa noma sizokwembula lolu lwazi kuphela njengoba kuchazwe esazisweni sethu semikhuba yobumfihlo. Ungakhetha ukungatholi ukuxhumana nge-imeyili nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi sokuyeka ukubhalisa kwi-imeyili. Bhalisa! Siyabonga ngokubhalisa! Ngokushesha uzokuthola ulwazi lwakamuva lwempilo yeMayo Clinic olucelile ebhokisini lakho le-imeyili. Kuxolo, kukhona okuphuthumayo ngokubhalisa kwakho Sicela uzame futhi ngemizuzu embalwa Yizame futhi