Ukuqina Kwenhliziyo (Myocarditis): Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqina kwenhliziyo (Myocarditis) kuyisifo lapho ihlathi lenhliziyo yakho liqina khona, okuthiwa yi-myocardium. Cabanga ngakho njengoba ihlathi lenhliziyo yakho liqina futhi liqiniswe, njengoba umlenze oqiniswe uqina.

Lesi simo singaba yizimo ezilula kakhulu ongasenqaba ukukubona kuze kube yizimo ezingathi sína ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokuphumula.

Iyini i-myocarditis?

I-Myocarditis kwenzeka lapho ihlathi lenhliziyo yakho liqina ngenxa yokutheleleka, ukusebenza kwezimpawu zokuvimba umzimba, noma ezinye izimbangela. Ukuqina kungenza kube nzima enhliziyweni yakho ukupompa igazi kahle emzimbeni wakho.

Ihlathi lenhliziyo yakho liqine futhi liqine, liqina njalo ukupompa igazi. Uma kwenzeka i-myocarditis, ihlathi lingaqina futhi libuthakathaka. Lokhu kungathinta izinga lenhliziyo yakho noma ikhono layo lokupompa igazi kahle.

Izimo eziningi ze-myocarditis zilula futhi ziyaphela ngokwazo ngokuphumula nokunakekelwa okuhambisanayo. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izimo zingaba nzima futhi zidinga ukwelashwa nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-myocarditis?

Izimpawu ze-myocarditis zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu abanazo izimpawu nhlobo, kanti abanye bangase babe nokungakhululeki okuqaphelekayo okuvela kancane kancane noma ngokuzumayo.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki kwesifuba okungase kuzwakale kukhulu, buthakathaka, noma njengokucindezela
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile noma ngisho nasekuphumuleni
• Ukukhathala okungavamile okungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukushona kwenhliziyo noma ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho iyagijima noma ishiya ama-beats
• Ukuqina ezinyaweni, ezinzwini, noma ezinyaweni
• Ukukhanya kwekhanda noma ukukhungatheka

Kwezinye izimo, ungase futhi ubone izimpawu ezifana ne-influenza njengoba ubanda, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba, noma isiphithiphithi. Lezi zivame ukuvela ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi esifanayo nezimpawu ezihlobene nenhliziyo.

Izimpawu ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zingabandakanya ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya ngisho nalapho ulele, noma ukuhluleka. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela i-myocarditis?

I-Myocarditis ithuthukiswa lapho okuthile kubangela ukuqina kwehlathi lenhliziyo yakho. Imbangela evamile kakhulu ukutheleleka kwe-viral, kepha ezinye izinto zingase futhi ziholele kulesi simo.

Nazi izimbangela eziyinhloko, uqale ngezivamile kakhulu:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-viral njengezifo ezivamile zokubanda, isifo sikagciwane, i-COVID-19, noma ezinye izifo zokuphefumula
• Ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial, nakuba lokhu kungavamile kunokubangela i-viral
• Izimo zokuvimba umzimba lapho uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo luhlasela khona ngephutha inyama yempilo yenhliziyo
• Imithi ethile noma izidakamizwa ezingase zibe yinobuthi ehlathini lenhliziyo
• Ukuphikisana kwemithi noma ezinye izinto
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla endaweni yesifuba

Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela eqondile ihlala ingaziwa ngisho nangemva kokuhlolwa okuningi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi isimo sibucayi kakhulu, nje ukuthi impendulo yakho yomzimba yokuvimba umzimba yabangelwa okuthile okunzima ukuqonda.

Ukukhathalela kwamuva kugxile kwi-myocarditis ngemuva kokugonywa kwe-COVID-19, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha besilisa. Nakuba lokhu kungenzeka, ngokuvamile kulula futhi kuphela ngokwelashwa okuqondene.

Kufanele ubone nini udokotela nge-myocarditis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, noma ukushona kwenhliziyo okukukhathazayo. Lezi zimpawu zingaba nezimbangela eziningi, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi zihlolwe kahle.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu besifuba, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, ukuhluleka, noma uma izimpawu zakho ziya ziba zimbi ngokushesha. Lokhu kungase kubonise izinkinga ezingathi sína ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Uma usanda kuba nesifo sikagciwane bese uthuthukisa izimpawu ezihlobene nenhliziyo, kufanele ukuxoxe nodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza ukuthola ukuthi izimpawu zakho zingase zibe yiyiphi i-myocarditis noma enye isimo.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini ye-myocarditis?

Noma ubani angathuthukisa i-myocarditis, kepha izinto ezithile zingase zikwenze ube nethuba elikhulu lokuba naleli simo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini kungakusiza uhlale uqaphile izimpawu ezingase zivele.

Izinto ezivame ukwenza ube sengozini zibandakanya:

• Ukutheleleka kwamuva kwe-viral noma kwe-bacterial, ikakhulukazi izifo zokuphefumula noma zesisu
• Ukuba yindoda futhi uneminyaka engaphansi kuka-40
• Ukuba nesifo sokuvimba umzimba njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile engase ithonye ihlathi lenhliziyo
• Ukuba usanda kugonywa (nakuba lokhu kungavamile)
• Ukuvezwa ezinto eziyingozi noma ezidakamizweni ezingamthetho

Ukuba nalezi zinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa i-myocarditis. Abantu abaningi abanezi zinto abazange babe nokuqina kwenhliziyo. Kulusizo nje ukwazi ukuze ukwazi ukuqaphela izimpawu uma zivele.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa ye-myocarditis?

Abantu abaningi abane-myocarditis bayaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinkinga ezingase zivele ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ukuze uziqaphele futhi uzivimbele.

Izinkinga ezingase zivele zibandakanya:

• Ukungahambi kahle kwesilinganiso senhliziyo okungase kubangele ukushona kwenhliziyo noma ukukhungatheka
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo uma ihlathi libuthakathaka kakhulu
• I-Cardiomyopathy, lapho ihlathi lenhliziyo lihlala likhulu noma libuthakathaka
• Ama-blood clots angahamba ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho
• Ukumisa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo ezimweni ezingavamile nezinkulu

Lezi zinkinga zivame kakhulu ekuqinisweni okukhulu noma lapho i-myocarditis ingalawulwa kahle. Ukulandelela njalo nodokotela wakho kusiza ekutholeni noma yiziphi izinkinga ezithuthukayo ngokushesha.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuhle nokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila, abantu abaningi bangavimbela lezi zinkinga futhi babuyele emisebenzini yabo evamile.

I-myocarditis ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-myocarditis kudinga ukuhlolwa okuningi ngoba izimpawu zayo zingase zihlangane nezinye izimo zenhliziyo. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngengxoxo eningiliziwe yezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokwelapha cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba, alalele inhliziyo yakho nemiphunga yakho futhi ahlole izimpawu zokugcinwa kwamanzi. Bazogxila kakhulu esilinganisweni senhliziyo yakho nanoma yimiphi imisindo engavamile.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokuxilonga kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izimpawu zokulimala kwenhliziyo nokuqina. I-electrocardiogram (ECG) ibhalisa umsebenzi womgogodla wenhliziyo yakho futhi ingathola ukungahambi kahle kwesilinganiso.

I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe zenhliziyo yakho, ebonisa ukuthi iphompa kangcono kangakanani futhi uma kukhona ukuqina noma amanzi eduze kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kuhlolwa akubuhlungu futhi kunikeza ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nokusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase ancoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njenge-cardiac MRI yezithombe ezeningiliziwe zenhliziyo, noma ngokungavamile, i-heart muscle biopsy ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngokuphelele.

Iyini impilo ye-myocarditis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-myocarditis kugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina, ukusekela ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho, nokuvimbela izinkinga. Indlela ethile ixhomeke ekuqinisweni kwesimo sakho nesizathu esiyimbangela.

Ngezimpawu ezilula, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuphumula nokugwema imisebenzi enzima kuze kube yilapho ihlathi lenhliziyo yakho liphulukile. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuthatha ikhefu ekuzivocavoca okunzima nasemidlalweni yokuncintisana izinyanga eziningi.

Imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nasekusekeleni ukululama. Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-ACE inhibitors noma i-beta-blockers ukusiza inhliziyo yakho ukuba iphompe kahle futhi unciphise ukucindezela ehlathini.

Uma ukuqina kukhulu, imithi yokulwa nokuqina noma i-corticosteroids ingase ibe yindlela efanele. Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu ingasiza ekuqinisweni kwesifuba, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela ngezimo zenhliziyo.

Ngezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu, ungase udinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela nokwelashwa okwengeziwe njengemithi yokusekela ukucindezeleka kwegazi noma izinga lenhliziyo. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, amadivayisi afana ne-pacemakers noma ukusekelwa kwenhliziyo yomshini kungase kudingeke.

Ungazinakekela kanjani ekhaya ngesikhathi une-myocarditis?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphulukiseni kwakho kwi-myocarditis. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuphumula nokugwema imisebenzi ecindezela inhliziyo yakho ngenkathi iphulukile.

Ncipha imisebenzi yomzimba njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukugwema ukuzivocavoca, ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, nemisebenzi enzima amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni eziningi. Imisebenzi elula njengokuhamba okuthambile ingase ibe kuhle, kodwa qala ukhulume nodokotela wakho.

Qaphela ukudla kwakho usawoti, njengoba usawoti omningi ungabangela ukuqina kwamanzi futhi wenze inhliziyo yakho isebenze nzima. Gxila ekudleni ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo okunezithelo, imifino, namaprotheni ahlanzekile.

Qapha izimpawu zakho ngokucophelela futhi ubhale noma yiziphi izinguquko. Qaphela uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula okusheshayo, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukuqina ezinyaweni noma ezinyaweni.

Zitholele ubuthongo obukhulu futhi ulawule ukucindezeleka, njengoba kokubili kungathinta inqubo yokululama yenhliziyo yakho. Cabanga ngezindlela zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka njengokuphefumula okujulile noma ukuzindla okuthambile uma ukucindezeleka kuyinkinga.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeleni kwakho futhi unike udokotela wakho ulwazi abaludingayo. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini futhi yini eyenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi.

Yenza uhlu lwazo zonke imithi oyithathayo njengamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwelayisensi, izithasiselo, namavithamini. Phawula futhi noma yiziphi izifo zakamuva, ukugonywa, noma izinguquko ezinkulu ekuphileni.

Lungiselela imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Lezi zingase zibe yimibono mayelana nokuvinjelwa kwemisebenzi, ukuthi ungabuya nini emisebenzini yakho evamile, izimpawu zokuqaphela, nokuthi yini okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokululama.

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani uma kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa ungaphili kahle. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi oluqakathekile futhi banike ukwesekwa ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti.

Uma unemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwenhliziyo yangaphambili noma amarekhodi ezokwelapha, letha amakhophi nawe. Lolu lwazi lungaba yilusizo ekuqondeni isimo sakho samanje.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-myocarditis?

I-Myocarditis ukuqina kwenhliziyo yakho okungaba yilula kuya kokukhulu, kepha abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokuphumula. Nakuba isimo singase sikhathaze, ukuqonda izimpawu nokufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqondile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle kubantu abaningi.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okumele uzikhumbule ukuthatha izimpawu ngokungathi sína, ulandele iseluleko sika dokotela wakho mayelana nokuvinjelwa kwemisebenzi, futhi ubekezele ngenqubo yokululama. Ukuphulukiswa kuvame ukuthatha amasonto kuya ezinyangeni, kepha ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile ngokushesha kakhulu kungaphazanyiswa inqubo yokululama.

Sebenzani eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, hambani kuzo zonke i-aphoyintimenti zokulandelela, futhi ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho uma unezinkinga. Ngokulawulwa okuhle, abantu abaningi abane-myocarditis bangabuya emisebenzini yabo evamile futhi bagcine impilo enhle yenhliziyo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-myocarditis

Ingavikelwa yini i-myocarditis?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele i-myocarditis, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokuhlala uhlanzekile ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka, uhlale uqaphile ngokugonywa okuconyiwe, nokugwema izidakamizwa ezingamthetho. Uma une-autoimmune condition, ukusebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze uyilawule kahle kungasiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni ingozi.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukisa i-myocarditis?

Isikhathi sokululama sihluka kakhulu kuye ngokuqina kwesimo sakho. Izimo ezilula zingase ziphulukise emavikini ambalwa, kanti izimo ezinkulu zingase zithathe izinyanga eziningi. Odokotela abaningi bancoma ukugwema ukuzivocavoca okunzima okungenani izinyanga eziyi-3-6, kodwa isikhathi sakho esithile sizoxhomeka esimweni sakho somuntu siqu nemiphumela yokuhlolwa okulandelayo.

Ungazivocavoca yini une-myocarditis?

Kufanele ugweme ukuzivocavoca nemisebenzi enzima ngesikhathi sesigaba esibuhlungu se-myocarditis nasezinyangeni eziningi ngemuva kwalokho. Udokotela wakho uzokusiqondisa ukuthi nini kuphephile ukubuyela kancane kancane emisebenzini yomzimba kuye ngezimpawu zakho, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, nokuthuthuka kokululama kwakho konke.

Ingabe i-myocarditis iyadluliseka?

I-Myocarditis ngokwayo ayidluliseki, kepha ukutheleleka okuyimbangela kungase kudluliseke. Isibonelo, uma i-virus ibangele i-myocarditis yakho, ungase uthuthukise leyo virus kwabanye, nakuba kungase bangathuthuki ukuqina kwenhliziyo ngenxa yalokho.

Ingabe i-myocarditis izongithinta isikhathi eside?

Abantu abaningi abane-myocarditis bayaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bangase babe nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukungakwazi ukuzivocavoca, noma izinkinga zesilinganiso senhliziyo. Ukulandelela njalo nodokotela wakho kusiza ekuqapheleni ukululama kwakho nasekulungiseni noma yiziphi izimpawu ezihlala njalo.