Pericarditis

Inhliziyo engakwesobunxele ibonisa ukugqama okuvamile kwangaphandle kwenhliziyo (pericardium). Inhliziyo engakwesokudla ibonisa ukugqama okuqandukileyo nokutheleleka (pericarditis).

I-Pericarditis iwukuvuvukala nokuvutha kwethusi elincinci, elifana nesikhwama esizungezile inhliziyo. Leli thusi libizwa ngokuthi i-pericardium. I-Pericarditis ivame ukubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni. Ubuhlungu esifubeni buvela lapho izigaxa ezikhathazwe ze-pericardium zithinta khona.

I-Pericarditis ivame ukuba mncane. Ingase iphele ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu kungabandakanya imithi, futhi, ngokungavamile kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa. Uma ochwepheshe bezempilo bethola futhi belaphe i-pericarditis ngokushesha, lokho kungasiza ekuphuculeni ingozi yezinkinga zesikhathi eside ezivela kwi-pericarditis.

Ubuhlungu obusengifubeni yisikhathi esivame kakhulu se-pericarditis. Ngokuvamile uzizwa ubukhali noma ukushaya. Kodwa abanye abantu banebuhlungu obunomsindo, obuhlungu noma obunjengengcindezi esifubeni. Ngokuvamile, ubuhlungu be-pericarditis buzwakala ngemuva kwesifuba noma ngakwesobunxele sesifuba. Ubuhlungu bungase: Budedele ehlombe lasekhohlo nentanyeni, noma kuwo womabili amahlombe. Bube sibi uma ukhwehlela, ulala phansi noma uthatha umoya ojulile. Bube ngcono uma uhleli noma ukhukhumala phambili. Ezinye izimpawu ze-pericarditis zingafaka: Ukukhwehlela. Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ngokujwayelekile ubuthakathaka noma ukugula. Ukukhula kwamagxa noma onyawo. Ukuqina okuncane. Ukuphepha noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo, okuthiwa futhi yi-heart palpitations. Ukuphefumula okufushane uma ulala phansi. Ukukhula kwesisu, okuthiwa futhi yi-abdomen. Izimpawu ezithile ziyahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-pericarditis. I-Pericarditis iqoqwe ezigabeni ezahlukene, ngokwesibonelo sezibonakaliso nokuthi izimpawu zihlala isikhathi esingakanani. I-pericarditis ebukhali iqala ngokuzumayo kodwa ayihlali isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amane. Kungenzeka kube khona ezinye izehlakalo. Kungase kube nzima ukubona umehluko phakathi kwe-pericarditis ebukhali nobuhlungu obubangelwa ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo. I-pericarditis ephindaphindayo ivela emasontweni angu-4 kuya kwangu-6 ngemuva kokuhlasela kwe-pericarditis ebukhali. Azikho izimpawu ezivela phakathi. I-pericarditis engaqedi iqala amasonto angu-4 kuya kwangu-6 kodwa angaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu. Izimpawu ziyaqhubeka phakathi nalesi sikhathi sonke. I-pericarditis ehlala njalo ecindezelayo ngokuvamile ithuthuka kancane futhi ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu. Thola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ezintsha zokubuhlungu esifubeni. Eziningi zezimpawu ze-pericarditis zifana nalezo zezinye izimo zenhliziyo nemiphunga. Kubalulekile ukuhlolwa ngokuphelele yisazi sezempilo uma unebuhlungu esifubeni lobuphi.

Yiba nomkhathalelo wezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ezintsha zobuhlungu lwebele. Izimpawu eziningi ze-pericarditis zifana nalezo zezinye izimo zenhliziyo nemiphunga. Kubalulekile ukuhlolwa ngokuphelele yisazi sezempilo uma uneluhlobo oluthile lobuhlungu lwebele.

Imbangela ye-pericarditis ivame ukuba nzima ukuyibona. Imbangela ingase ingatholakali. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kubizwa nge-pericarditis ye-idiopathic.

Izimbangela ze-Pericarditis zingafaka:

• Ukusebenza kohlelo lokulwa nezifo emva kokulimalala kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokulimala kwenhliziyo noma ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Amanye amagama alo mkhuba afaka i-Dressler syndrome, i-post-myocardial infarction syndrome ne-post-cardiac injury syndrome.
• Ukutheleleka, njengalezo ezingcoliswe yi-viruses.
• Ukulimala kwenhliziyo noma isifuba.
• I-Lupus.
• I-Rheumatoid arthritis.
• Ezinye izimo zempilo zesikhathi eside, kufaka phakathi ukwehluleka kwesibindi nomdlavuza.
• Eminye imithi, njengomuthi wokuqeda ukuhlanza i-phenytoin (Dilantin) nomuthi obizwa nge-procainamide wokwelapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.

Uma isifo se-pericarditis sitholakala futhi siphathwa ngokushesha, ingozi yezingxaki ngokuvamile iyancipha. Izingxaki ze-pericarditis zingafaka: Ukubutha kwamanzi eduze kwenhliziyo, okuthiwa yi-pericardial effusion. Ukubutha kwamanzi kungabangela ezinye izingxaki zenhliziyo. Ukukhuluphala nokwenziwa amabala e-lining yenhliziyo, okuthiwa yi-constrictive pericarditis. Abanye abantu abane-pericarditis isikhathi eside bathuthukisa ukukhuluphala okumi phakade nokwenziwa amabala kwe-pericardium. Lezi zinguquko zivimbela inhliziyo ukuba igcwalise futhi ikhiphe kahle. Le ngxaki ngokuvamile iholela ekukhuleni okukhulu kwezinyawo nesisu, nokuntuleka komoya. Ukungcindezelwa kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokubutha kwamanzi, okuthiwa yi-cardiac tamponade. Lesi simo esiyingozi impilo sivimbela inhliziyo ukuba igcwalise kahle. Igazi elincane liphuma enhliziyweni, liholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwezinga legazi. I-Cardiac tamponade idinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Asikho isindlela ethile yokuvimbela i-pericarditis. Kodwa ungathatha la manyathelo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, okungasiza ekuphuculeni ingozi yokuvuvukala kwenhliziyo:

• Gwema abantu abanegciwane noma isifo esifana ne-influenza kwaze kwaba yilapho bephilisile. Uma ugula ngezimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane, zama ukungababonisi abanye. Ngokwesibonelo, vala umlomo wakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthswala.
• Landisa ukuhlanzeka okuhle. Ukugeza izandla njalo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwesifo. Susa izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20.
• Thola izigqoko ezinikeziwe. Hlala usesikhathini ngezigqoko ezinikeziwe, kufaka phakathi lezo ezivikela i-COVID-19, i-rubella ne-influenza. Lena yizibonelo zezifo zegciwane ezingabangela ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo, okuthiwa yi-myocarditis. I-Myocarditis ne-pericarditis zingahle zenzeke ndawonye ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane. Ngokungavamile, isithombe se-COVID-19 singabangela i-pericarditis ne-myocarditis, ikakhulukazi kumadoda aneminyaka eyi-12 kuya ku-17. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngezinzuzo nezingozi zezigqoko.

Ukuthola i-pericarditis, ochwepheshe bezempilo bayakuhlola futhi bakubuze imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ochwepheshe bokuhlala bayalalele inhliziyo yakho usebenzisa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-stethoscope. I-Pericarditis ibangela umsindo othile, obizwa ngokuthi yi-pericardial rub. Umsindo uvela lapho izigaxa ezimbili zesaka elizungezile inhliziyo, elibizwa ngokuthi yi-pericardium, zicindezela komunye nomunye.

Amathethhu okuthola i-pericarditis noma ukukhipha izimo ezingase zibangele izimpawu ezifanayo angafaka:

• Izivivinyo zegazi. Izivivinyo zegazi ngokuvamile zenziwa ukuhlola izimpawu zokuhlushwa yinhliziyo, ukuvuvukala nokutheleleka.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG). I-electrocardiogram iyivivinyo olukhulu futhi olungapheli ubuhlungu oluqopha izibonakaliso zamandla enhliziyweni. Lingabonisa ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya kanjani. Ama-patches amanamathelayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-electrodes anamathelayo esifubeni futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezandleni noma emilenzeni. Izingcingo zixhumeke kwimonitha, ephrinta noma ebonisa imiphumela.
• X-ray yesifuba. I-X-ray yesifuba ingabonisa ukushintsha ngobukhulu nosuka kwenhliziyo. Ingatshela uma inhliziyo ikhulu kakhulu.
• Echocardiogram. Amaza omsindo adala izithombe zenhliziyo ehamba. I-echocardiogram ibonisa ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kahle kangakanani ukupompa igazi. Ingabona futhi noma yikuphi ukwakheka kwamanzi esicini esizungezile inhliziyo. Uvivinyo lungatshela uma isaka elizungezile inhliziyo lithinta indlela inhliziyo egcwalisa ngayo igazi noma iphompa igazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-computerized tomography (CT) kwenhliziyo. Ukucubungula kwe-CT kwenhliziyo kusebenzisa ama-X-rays ukudala izithombe zenhliziyo nesifuba. Uvivinyo lungasetshenziswa ukubuka ukukhuluphala kwenhliziyo okungaba uphawu lwe-pericarditis ecindezelayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kwenhliziyo. Lovivinyo lusebenzisa ama-magnetic fields namaza omsakazo ukudala izithombe ezinemininingwane yenhliziyo. Ukucubungula kwe-MRI kwenhliziyo kungabonisa ukukhuluphala, ukuvuvukala noma ezinye izinguquko esicini esincinyane esizungezile inhliziyo.