Pineoblastoma

Pineoblastoma

IPineoblastoma uhlobo lwe-kansa oluqala e-pineal gland yengqondo. I-pineal gland itholakala ebukhoneni bengqondo. Le gland ikhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa nge-melatonin. I-melatonin idlala indima ekujikelezeni komzimba kokulala nokuvuka.

IPineoblastoma iqala njengokukhula kwamaselula e-pineal gland. Amashelula akhula ngokushesha futhi angahlasela futhi abhubhise izicubu zomzimba eziphilile.

IPineoblastoma ingaba khona kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Kodwa kwenzeka kakhulu kubantwana abancane. IPineoblastoma ingabangela izikhathi zokukhathazeka, ukulala nokuchwechwa endleleni amehlo asuka ngayo.

IPineoblastoma ingaba nzima kakhulu ukuyilapha. Ingasakazeka ebuchosheni futhi iyeke e-fluid esizungezile ubuchopho. Le fluid ibizwa nge-cerebrospinal fluid. IPineoblastoma cishe ayisakazeki ngaphandle kwesistimu ephakathi yethu. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukubandakanya ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ikansa elingakanani. Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kungase kunconywe.

Izivivinyo nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ekutholakaleni i-pineoblastoma zifaka:

• Izivivinyo ze-Imaging. Izivivinyo ze-imaging zingatholakala indawo nobukhulu be-tumor yengqondo. I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ivame ukusetshenziswa ekutholakaleni i-tumor yengqondo. Amathuluzi aqhubekile angase asebenziswe. Lokhu kungafaka i-perfusion MRI ne-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

  Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingafaka i-computerized tomography (CT) ne-positron emission tomography (PET) scans.

• Ukususa isampula yesicubu sokuhlolwa. I-biopsy inqubo yokususa isampula yesicubu sokuhlolwa. Ingenziwa nge-needle ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Noma isampula ingasuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Isampula yesicubu ihlolwa elabhoratri. Lokhu kusiza ukuthola izinhlobo zamaseli nokuthi zikhula ngokushesha kangakanani.

• Ukususa i-cerebrospinal fluid sokuhlolwa. I-lumbar puncture inqubo yokususa isampula ye-fluid esizungezile ubuchopho ne-spinal cord. Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-spinal tap. Umhlinzeki wezempilo ufake i-needle phakathi kwamathanga amabili e-spine ephansi. I-needle isebenziswa ukuthatha i-cerebrospinal fluid esizungezile i-spinal cord. I-fluid ihlolwa ukubuka amaseli e-pineoblastoma. I-Cerebrospinal fluid ingase ibuye iqoqwe ngesikhathi se-biopsy ukususa isicubu ebuchosheni.

Izivivinyo ze-Imaging. Izivivinyo ze-imaging zingatholakala indawo nobukhulu be-tumor yengqondo. I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ivame ukusetshenziswa ekutholakaleni i-tumor yengqondo. Amathuluzi aqhubekile angase asebenziswe. Lokhu kungafaka i-perfusion MRI ne-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingafaka i-computerized tomography (CT) ne-positron emission tomography (PET) scans.

Izinketho zokwelapha i-pineoblastoma zifaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa i-pineoblastoma. Udokotela we-brain, obizwa nangokuthi i-neurosurgeon, usebenza ukususa i-pineoblastoma elingakanani. Ngezinye izikhathi lonke ikansa alinakususwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-pineoblastoma yakhiwa eduze kwemizimba ebalulekile ejulile ebuchosheni. Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kuvame ukudingeka. Lokhu ukwelashwa kubhekiswe kwaselula ezisele.

• I-Radiation therapy. I-Radiation therapy isebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu ukubulala amaseli ekansa. Le misebe ingafika ku-X-rays, amaprotons noma ezinye izinto. Ngesikhathi se-radiation therapy, umshini uqondisa imisebe ebuchosheni nase-spinal cord. Ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuqondiswe kumaseli ekansa.

  I-Radiation ivame ukunikwa ubuchopho bonke ne-spinal cord. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaseli ekansa angasakazeka ebuchosheni kwenye ingxenye yesistimu ephakathi. Lokhu ukwelashwa kuvame ukunconywa kwabantu abadala nabantwana abadala kuno-3.

• I-Chemotherapy. I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi enamandla ukubulala amaseli ekansa. I-Chemotherapy ivame ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma i-radiation therapy. Ngezinye izikhathi isebenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-radiation therapy. Ngoba i-pineoblastomas enkulu, i-chemotherapy ingase isetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kunganciphisa ikansa futhi kulula ukukususa.

• I-Radiosurgery. I-Stereotactic radiosurgery igxila emisebeni eminingi yokukhanya kumaphuzu athile ukubulala amaseli ekansa. I-Radiosurgery ngezinye izikhathi isebenziswa ekuwelapheni i-pineoblastoma ebuya ngemuva kokwelashwa.

• Izivivinyo ze-Clinical. Izivivinyo ze-Clinical zizifundo zokwelashwa okusha. Lezi zifundo zinikeza ithuba lokuzama izinketho zokwelapha zakamuva. Imiphumela emibi yalezi zokwelapha ingase ingaziwa. Buza umhlinzeki wezempilo yengane yakho ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe yingxenye yokuhlanganyela ekuhlolweni kwe-clinical.

I-Radiation therapy. I-Radiation therapy isebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu ukubulala amaseli ekansa. Le misebe ingafika ku-X-rays, amaprotons noma ezinye izinto. Ngesikhathi se-radiation therapy, umshini uqondisa imisebe ebuchosheni nase-spinal cord. Ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuqondiswe kumaseli ekansa.

I-Radiation ivame ukunikwa ubuchopho bonke ne-spinal cord. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaseli ekansa angasakazeka ebuchosheni kwenye ingxenye yesistimu ephakathi. Lokhu ukwelashwa kuvame ukunconywa kwabantu abadala nabantwana abadala kuno-3.

Lesi skani le-MRI elikhuthazekiswe yi-contrast likhanda lomuntu libonisa i-meningioma. Le meningioma ikhulile ngokwanele ukuba icindezelele phansi kumaseli e-brain.

Izithombe ze-Brain tumor

Uma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ecabanga ukuthi ungaba ne-brain tumor, uzodinga ukuhlolwa nokuqondisa okuningi ukuze uqiniseke. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological. Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological kuhlola izingxenye ezahlukene ze-brain yakho ukuze ubone ukuthi zisebenza kanjani. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungafaka ukuhlola umbono wakho, ukuzwa, ibhalansi, ukuxhumanisa, amandla kanye ne-reflexes. Uma unezinkinga kwenye noma ngaphezulu kwezindawo, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso somhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological akutholi i-brain tumor. Kodwa kusiza umhlinzeki wakho ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ye-brain yakho engaba ne-problem.

• I-Head CT scan. I-computed tomography scan, ebizwa nangokuthi i-CT scan, isebenzisa i-X-rays ukwenza izithombe. Itholakala kabanzi, futhi imiphumela ibuya ngokushesha. Ngakho i-CT ingaba yi-imaging test yokuqala eyenziwayo uma unezinhlungu zikhanda noma ezinye izimpawu ezinezizathu eziningi. I-CT scan ingathola izinkinga ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-brain yakho. Imiphumela inika umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo izibonakaliso zokunquma ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuzolandelwa. Uma umhlinzeki wakho ecabanga ukuthi i-CT scan yakho ibonisa i-brain tumor, ungadinga i-brain MRI.

• I-PET scan ye-brain. I-positron emission tomography scan, ebizwa nangokuthi i-PET scan, ingathola ezinye i-brain tumors. I-PET scan isebenzisa i-radioactive tracer eyongezwa emithanjeni. I-tracer ihamba ngegazi futhi inamathela kumaseli e-brain tumor. I-tracer yenza amaseli e-tumor avele ezithombeni ezithathwe yi-PET machine. Amaseli ahlukanisayo futhi azala ngokushesha azothatha okuningi kwe-tracer.

  I-PET scan ingaba usizo kakhulu ekutholeni i-brain tumors ekhula ngokushesha. Izibonelo zifaka i-glioblastomas nezinye i-oligodendrogliomas. I-brain tumors ekhula kancane ingase ingatholakali kwi-PET scan. I-brain tumors engelona i-cancer ivame ukukhula kancane, ngakho i-PET scans ayilusizo kakhulu kwi-brain tumors enhle. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-brain tumor odinga i-PET scan. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma udinga i-PET scan.

• Ukuqoqa isampula yethishu. I-brain biopsy inqubo yokususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ukuze ihlolwe elabhoratri. Ngokuvamile udokotela uthola isampula ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukususa i-brain tumor.

  Uma ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka, isampula ingasuswa ngenhlanzi. Ukususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ngenhlanzi kwenziwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-stereotactic needle biopsy.

  Phakathi nalesi senzakalo, umgodi omncane ubokelwa ekhanda. Inhlanzi ecwebezelayo ifakwa ngomgodi. Inhlanzi isebenziselwa ukuthatha isampula yethishu. Izivivinyo ze-imaging ezifana ne-CT ne-MRI zisetshenziswa ukuhlela indlela yenhlanzi. Awusoze wazizwa lutho ngesikhathi se-biopsy ngoba imithi isebenziselwa ukunciphisa indawo. Ngokuvamile uthola nemiithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ukuze ungazi lutho.

  Ungaba ne-needle biopsy kunokuba uhlinzwe uma iqembu lakho lezempilo likhathazekile ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kungalimaza ingxenye ebalulekile ye-brain yakho. Inhlanzi ingadingeka ukususa ithishu evela kwi-brain tumor uma i-tumor isendaweni enzima ukufinyelela ngokuhlinzwa.

  I-brain biopsy inengozi yezinkinga. Izingozi zifaka ukuphuza e-brain nokulimala kwe-brain tissue.

• Ukuhlola isampula yethishu elabhoratri. Isampula ye-biopsy ithunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze ihlolwe. Izivivinyo zingabona ukuthi amaseli anempetha noma awunayo impetha. Indlela amaseli abonakala ngayo ngaphansi komkhiqizo ingatshela iqembu lakho lezempilo ukuthi amaseli akhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-grade ye-brain tumor. Ezinye izivivinyo zingathola ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ze-DNA ezikhona kumaseli. Lokhu kusiza iqembu lakho lezempilo ukwakha uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

I-Brain MRI. I-magnetic resonance imaging, ebizwa nangokuthi i-MRI, isebenzisa ama-magnets aqinile ukwenza izithombe zangaphakathi komzimba. I-MRI ivame ukusetshenziswa ekutholeni i-brain tumors ngoba ibonisa i-brain ngokucacile kunezinye izivivinyo ze-imaging.

Ngokuvamile i-dye yongezwa emithanjeni yesandla ngaphambi kwe-MRI. I-dye yenza izithombe ezicacile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubona i-tumors encane. Kungasiza iqembu lakho lezempilo ukubona umehluko phakathi kwe-brain tumor ne-brain tissue enempilo.

Ngezinye izikhathi udinga uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-MRI ukwenza izithombe ezinemininingwane. Isibonelo esisodwa yi-functional MRI. Le MRI ekhethekile ibonisa ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ze-brain eziphethe ukukhuluma, ukuhamba neminye imisebenzi ebalulekile. Lokhu kusiza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuhlela ukuhlinzwa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Olunye uvivinyo lwe-MRI oluhlukile yi-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lo mvivinyo usebenzisa i-MRI ukulinganisa amazinga ezikhemikhali ezithile kumaseli e-tumor. Ukuba nokuningi noma okuncane kwezikhemikhali kungatshela iqembu lakho lezempilo ngohlobo lwe-brain tumor onayo.

I-magnetic resonance perfusion ulunye uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-MRI. Lo mvivinyo usebenzisa i-MRI ukulinganisa inani legazi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ze-brain tumor. Izingxenye ze-tumor ezinamazinga aphezulu egazi zingaba yizingxenye ezisebenza kakhulu ze-tumor. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuhlela ukwelashwa kwakho.

I-PET scan ye-brain. I-positron emission tomography scan, ebizwa nangokuthi i-PET scan, ingathola ezinye i-brain tumors. I-PET scan isebenzisa i-radioactive tracer eyongezwa emithanjeni. I-tracer ihamba ngegazi futhi inamathela kumaseli e-brain tumor. I-tracer yenza amaseli e-tumor avele ezithombeni ezithathwe yi-PET machine. Amaseli ahlukanisayo futhi azala ngokushesha azothatha okuningi kwe-tracer.

A PET scan ingaba usizo kakhulu ekutholeni i-brain tumors ekhula ngokushesha. Izibonelo zifaka i-glioblastomas nezinye i-oligodendrogliomas. I-brain tumors ekhula kancane ingase ingatholakali kwi-PET scan. I-brain tumors engelona i-cancer ivame ukukhula kancane, ngakho i-PET scans ayilusizo kakhulu kwi-brain tumors enhle. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-brain tumor odinga i-PET scan. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma udinga i-PET scan.

Ukuqoqa isampula yethishu. I-brain biopsy inqubo yokususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ukuze ihlolwe elabhoratri. Ngokuvamile udokotela uthola isampula ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukususa i-brain tumor.

Uma ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka, isampula ingasuswa ngenhlanzi. Ukususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ngenhlanzi kwenziwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-stereotactic needle biopsy.

Phakathi nalesi senzakalo, umgodi omncane ubokelwa ekhanda. Inhlanzi ecwebezelayo ifakwa ngomgodi. Inhlanzi isebenziselwa ukuthatha isampula yethishu. Izivivinyo ze-imaging ezifana ne-CT ne-MRI zisetshenziswa ukuhlela indlela yenhlanzi. Awusoze wazizwa lutho ngesikhathi se-biopsy ngoba imithi isebenziselwa ukunciphisa indawo. Ngokuvamile uthola nemiithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ukuze ungazi lutho.

Ungaba ne-needle biopsy kunokuba uhlinzwe uma iqembu lakho lezempilo likhathazekile ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kungalimaza ingxenye ebalulekile ye-brain yakho. Inhlanzi ingadingeka ukususa ithishu evela kwi-brain tumor uma i-tumor isendaweni enzima ukufinyelela ngokuhlinzwa.

I-brain biopsy inengozi yezinkinga. Izingozi zifaka ukuphuza e-brain nokulimala kwe-brain tissue.

I-grade ye-brain tumor inikezwa lapho amaseli e-tumor ehlolwa elabhoratri. I-grade itshela iqembu lakho lezempilo ukuthi amaseli akhula futhi azala ngokushesha kangakanani. I-grade isekelwe endleleni amaseli abonakala ngayo ngaphansi komkhiqizo. I-grades ihluka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-4.

I-grade 1 brain tumor ikhula kancane. Amaseli awanahlukile kakhulu kumaseli anempilo aseduze. Njengoba i-grade iphakama, amaseli ayaqhubeka eguquka ukuze aqale ukubonakala ahlukile kakhulu. I-grade 4 brain tumor ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Amaseli awabonakali lutho njengamaseli anempilo aseduze.

Ayikho izigaba ze-brain tumors. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-cancer zinezigaba. Kulezi zinhlobo ze-cancer, isigaba sichaza ukuthi i-cancer iphezulu kangakanani nokuthi isakazeke yini. I-brain tumors ne-brain cancers azivamile ukusakazeka, ngakho azinazigaba.

Iqembu lakho lezempilo lisebenzisa lonke ulwazi oluvela ekuhlolweni kwakho kokuqonda ukubikezelwa kwakho. Ukubikezelwa yikuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi i-brain tumor ingaphiliswa. Izinto ezingathinta ukubikezelwa kwabantu abane-brain tumors zifaka:

• Uhlobo lwe-brain tumor.
• Ukushesha kokukhula kwe-brain tumor.
• Indawo ye-brain tumor e-brain.
• Yiziphi izinguquko ze-DNA ezikhona kumaseli e-brain tumor.
• Ukuthi i-brain tumor ingasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa yini.
• Impilo yakho jikelele nokuzwela kwakho okuhle.

Uma ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe ngokubikezelwa kwakho, xoxa neqembu lakho lezempilo.

Ukwelapha isibopho sengqondo kuncike ekutheni isibopho siyimfucumfucu yengqondo noma akusona umdlavuza, okuthiwa futhi isibopho esihle sengqondo. Izinketho zokwelapha ziphinde zincike ohlotsheni, usayizi, izinga nendawo yesibopho sengqondo. Izinketho zingafaka ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngomgogodla, i-radiosurgery, i-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa okuqondiswe. Uma ucabanga ngezinketho zakho zokwelapha, iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo libuye licabange ngempilo yakho yonke kanye nezifiso zakho. Ukwelapha kungenzeka kungadingeki ngokushesha. Ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma isibopho sakho sengqondo sincane, akusona umdlavuza futhi alibangeli izimpawu. Izibopho ezincane, ezinhle zengqondo zingase zingakhula noma zingakhula kancane kangangokuba ngeke zibangele izinkinga. Ungase ube nokucubungula kwe-MRI yengqondo izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka ukuhlola ukukhula kwesibopho sengqondo. Uma isibopho sengqondo sikhuphuka ngokushesha kunokulindelekile noma uma uthola izimpawu, ungase udinga ukwelashwa. Ekuhlinzweni kwe-endoscopic transsphenoidal transnasal, ithuluzi lokuhlinzwa libekwa ngesikhumba futhi eduze ne-septum yempumulo ukufinyelela isibopho se-pituitary. Umgomo wokuhlinzwa wesibopho sengqondo ukususa wonke amaseli esibopho. Isibopho asinakuhlala sisuswa ngokuphelele. Uma kungenzeka, udokotela uzama ukususa okuningi kwesibopho sengqondo ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuphepha. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sengqondo kungancika ekwelapheni imifucumfucu yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezinhle zengqondo. Ezinye izibopho zengqondo zincinyane futhi kulula ukuzihlukanisa nezinye izicubu zengqondo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi isibopho sizosuswa ngokuphelele. Ezinye izibopho zengqondo azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nezinye izicubu. Ngezinye izikhathi isibopho sengqondo siseduze nengxenye ebalulekile yengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kungase kube yingozi kuleli simo. Udokotela angase asuse okuningi kwesibopho ngangokuphepha. Ukususa ingxenye yesibopho sengqondo ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi ukususa okuphelele. Ukususwa kwengxenye yesibopho sakho sengqondo kungasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zakho. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sengqondo. Iyiphi inketho engcono kuwe kuncike esimweni sakho. Izibonelo zezinhlobo zokuhlinzwa kwesibopho sengqondo zifaka:

• Ukususa ingxenye yengqondo ukufinyelela esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuhilela ukususa ingxenye yengqondo kubizwa ngokuthi i-craniotomy. Yindlela eningi yokusebenza kokususa isibopho sengqondo okwenziwayo. I-Craniotomy isebenziselwa ukwelapha imifucumfucu yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezinhle zengqondo. Udokotela wenza isiqu ezingutsheni zakho. Isikhumba nemisipha zihambiswa endleleni. Khona-ke udokotela usebenzisa umshini wokusika ukukhipha ingxenye yethambo lengqondo. Ithambo lisuswa ukuze kufinyelelwe engqondweni. Uma isibopho sisezindlini zengqondo, ithuluzi lingase lisetshenziswe ukuthwala izicubu zengqondo eziphilile endleleni. Isibopho sengqondo siqoshwa ngamathuluzi akhethekile. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-laser asebenziselwa ukubhubhisa isibopho. Phakathi kokuhlinzwa, uthola imithi yokunciphisa indawo ukuze ungazizwa lutho. Uphinde unikezwe imithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi uvuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwengqondo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuvusiwe. Uma uvuswa, udokotela angase abuze imibuzo futhi alandelele umsebenzi engqondweni yakho njengoba uphendula. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimaza izingxenye ezibalulekile zengqondo. Uma ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho kuphelile, ingxenye yethambo lengqondo ibuyiswa endaweni.
• Ukusebenzisa ithyube elilukhuni, elincane ukufinyelela esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-Endoscopic kuhilela ukufaka ithyube elilukhuni, elincane engqondweni. Ithyube libizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope. Ithyube lineqembu lama-lenses noma ikhamera encane ethumela izithombe kudoti. Amathuluzi akhethekile afakwa ngethyube ukususa isibopho. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-Endoscopic kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni izibopho ze-pituitary. Lezi zibopho zikhula ngemuva nje komkhumbi wempumulo. Ithyube elilukhuni, elincane libekwa ngempumulo ne-sinuses futhi liye engqondweni. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-endoscopic kusetshenziswa ukususa izibopho zengqondo kwezinye izingxenye zengqondo. Udokotela angase asebenzise umshini wokusika ukwenza umgodi engqondweni. Ithyube elilukhuni, elincane libekwa ngokucophelela ezicubwini zengqondo. Ithyube liyaqhubeka kuze kufinyelele esibophweni sengqondo. Ukususa ingxenye yengqondo ukufinyelela esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuhilela ukususa ingxenye yengqondo kubizwa ngokuthi i-craniotomy. Yindlela eningi yokusebenza kokususa isibopho sengqondo okwenziwayo. I-Craniotomy isebenziselwa ukwelapha imifucumfucu yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezinhle zengqondo. Udokotela wenza isiqu ezingutsheni zakho. Isikhumba nemisipha zihambiswa endleleni. Khona-ke udokotela usebenzisa umshini wokusika ukukhipha ingxenye yethambo lengqondo. Ithambo lisuswa ukuze kufinyelelwe engqondweni. Uma isibopho sisezindlini zengqondo, ithuluzi lingase lisetshenziswe ukuthwala izicubu zengqondo eziphilile endleleni. Isibopho sengqondo siqoshwa ngamathuluzi akhethekile. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-laser asebenziselwa ukubhubhisa isibopho. Phakathi kokuhlinzwa, uthola imithi yokunciphisa indawo ukuze ungazizwa lutho. Uphinde unikezwe imithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi uvuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwengqondo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuvusiwe. Uma uvuswa, udokotela angase abuze imibuzo futhi alandelele umsebenzi engqondweni yakho njengoba uphendula. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimaza izingxenye ezibalulekile zengqondo. Uma ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho kuphelile, ingxenye yethambo lengqondo ibuyiswa endaweni. Ukusebenzisa ithyube elilukhuni, elincane ukufinyelela esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-Endoscopic kuhilela ukufaka ithyube elilukhuni, elincane engqondweni. Ithyube libizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope. Ithyube lineqembu lama-lenses noma ikhamera encane ethumela izithombe kudoti. Amathuluzi akhethekile afakwa ngethyube ukususa isibopho. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-Endoscopic kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni izibopho ze-pituitary. Lezi zibopho zikhula ngemuva nje komkhumbi wempumulo. Ithyube elilukhuni, elincane libekwa ngempumulo ne-sinuses futhi liye engqondweni. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-endoscopic kusetshenziswa ukususa izibopho zengqondo kwezinye izingxenye zengqondo. Udokotela angase asebenzise umshini wokusika ukwenza umgodi engqondweni. Ithyube elilukhuni, elincane libekwa ngokucophelela ezicubwini zengqondo. Ithyube liyaqhubeka kuze kufinyelele esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sengqondo kunengozi yemiphumela emibi nezinhlungu. Lezi zingafaka ukutheleleka, ukuphuza igazi, ama-blood clots kanye nokulimala kwezicubu zengqondo. Ezinye izingozi zingase zincike engxenyeni yengqondo lapho isibopho sikulo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kwesibopho esiseduze nezinzwa ezihlanganisa amehlo kungase kube nengozi yokulahlekelwa ukubona. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho esinzwini elulawula ukuzwa kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Ukuphathwa komgogodla wemifucumfucu yengqondo kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla enamandla ukubulala amaseli esibopho. Amandla angase avela kuma-X-rays, amaprotons namanye imithombo. Ukuphathwa komgogodla wemifucumfucu yengqondo kuvame ukuvela emishini ngaphandle komzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya komgogodla wangaphandle. Ngokungavamile, umgogodla ungafakwa ngaphakathi komzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-brachytherapy. Ukuphathwa komgogodla kungancika ekwelapheni imifucumfucu yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezinhle zengqondo. Ukuphathwa komgogodla wangaphandle kuvame ukwenziwa ngokwelashwa okufushane kwansuku zonke. Uhlelo lokwelapha oluvamile lungase luhilele ukuba nokuphathwa komgogodla izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto iintsuku eziyi-2 kuya kwezi-6. Ukukhanya komgogodla wangaphandle kungagxila kuphela endaweni yengqondo yakho lapho isibopho sikulo, noma kungafakwa engqondweni yakho yonke. Abantu abaningi abane sibopho sengqondo bazoba nomgogodla oqondiswe endaweni eseduze kwesibopho. Uma kunezibopho eziningi, ingqondo yonke ingase idinge ukwelashwa komgogodla. Uma ingqondo yonke iwelashwa, kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya komgogodla wonke wengqondo. Ukukhanya komgogodla wonke wengqondo kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza osakazekela engqondweni kusuka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba futhi wakha izibopho eziningi engqondweni. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa komgogodla kusebenzisa ama-X-rays, kodwa uhlobo olusha lolu lwempilo lusebenzisa amandla e-protons. Imisebe ye-proton ingaqondiswa ngokucophelela ukubulala amaseli esibopho kuphela. Zingase zingabi namandla okulimaza izicubu eziseduze eziphilile. Ukwelashwa kwe-proton kungase kusize ekwelapheni izibopho zengqondo kubantwana. Kungase futhi kusize ekwelapheni izibopho eziseduze kakhulu nezingxenye ezibalulekile zengqondo. Ukwelashwa kwe-proton akutholakali kakhulu njengokwelashwa komgogodla we-X-ray okuvamile. Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komgogodla wemifucumfucu yengqondo kuncike ohlotsheni nendlela yokwelashwa komgogodla owutholayo. Imiphumela emibi evamile eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa noma ngemuva kwakho ukukhathala, izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu, ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba kanye nokulahlekelwa izinwele. Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komgogodla ivela eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Le miphumela emibi kamuva ingafaka izinkinga zenkumbulo nokucinga. Ubuchwepheshe be-stereotactic radiosurgery busebenzisa ama-gamma rays amancane amaningi ukuletha inani eliqondile lomgogodla kwinhloso. I-Stereotactic radiosurgery yemifucumfucu yengqondo yindlela enamandla yokwelashwa komgogodla. I-Aims imisebe yomgogodla evela ezingxenyeni eziningi esibophweni sengqondo. Umsebe ngamunye awunamandla kakhulu. Kodwa indawo lapho imisebe ihlangana khona ithola inani elikhulu lomgogodla obulala amaseli esibopho. I-Radiosurgery ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni imifucumfucu yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezinhle zengqondo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe olusetshenziswayo e-radiosurgery ukuletha umgogodla ukwelapha izibopho zengqondo. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:
• I-linear accelerator radiosurgery. Imishini ye-linear accelerator ibizwa nangokuthi imishini ye-LINAC. Imishini ye-LINAC iyaziwa ngamagama abo ezitolo, njenge-CyberKnife, i-TrueBeam nezinye. Umishini we-LINAC uqondisa imisebe yamandla ebekwe ngokucophelela ngesikhathi esisodwa ezingxenyeni eziningi ezahlukene. Imisebe yenziwe ngama-X-rays.
• I-Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Umishini we-Gamma Knife uqondisa imisebe emincane eminingi yomgogodla ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imisebe yenziwe ngama-gamma rays.
• I-Proton radiosurgery. I-Proton radiosurgery isebenzisa imisebe eyenziwe ngamaprotons. Lolu uhlobo olusha lwe-radiosurgery. Luyaqala ukuba luvamile kodwa alutholakali kuzo zonke izibhedlela. I-Radiosurgery ngokuvamile yenziwa ngokwelashwa okukodwa noma okumbalwa. Ungabuya ekhaya ngemuva kokwelashwa futhi awudingi ukuhlala esibhedlela. Imiphumela emibi ye-radiosurgery ihlanganisa ukuzizwa ukukhathala kakhulu kanye nezinguquko zesikhumba esikhumbeni sakho. Isikhumba sekhanda lakho singase sizizwe somanzi, sikhulu futhi sibuhlungu. Ungase ube nama-blisters esikhumbeni noma ukulahlekelwa izinwele. Ngezinye izikhathi ukulahlekelwa izinwele kuhlala njalo. I-Chemotherapy yemifucumfucu yengqondo isebenzisa imithi enamandla ukubulala amaseli esibopho. Imithi ye-chemotherapy ingathengwa ngendlela yethipile noma ifakwe emoyeni. Ngezinye izikhathi imithi ye-chemotherapy ifakwa ezicubwini zengqondo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. I-Chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni imifucumfucu yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezinhle zengqondo. Ngezinye izikhathi yenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo njengokwelashwa komgogodla. Imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy kuncike ohlotsheni nendlela yemithi oyitholayo. I-Chemotherapy ingabangela ukuphefumula, ukugabha kanye nokulahlekelwa izinwele. Ukuphathwa okuqondiswe kwemifucumfucu yengqondo kusebenzisa imithi ehlasela izinto ezithile ezikhona ngaphakathi kwamaseli esibopho. Ngokuvimba lezi zinto, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kungabangela amaseli esibopho ukufa. Imithi yokwelashwa okuqondiswe itholakala kwezinye izinhlobo zemifucumfucu yengqondo kanye nezibopho ezinhle zengqondo. Amaseli esibopho sakho sengqondo angase avivinywe ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kungenzeka kukusize. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, ungase udinga usizo lokuthola umsebenzi engxenyeni yengqondo yakho eyayinesibopho. Ungase udinga usizo lokuhamba, ukukhuluma, ukubona nokucinga. Ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase aphakamise:
• Ukuphathwa komzimba ukukusiza ukuthola kabusha amakhono okuhamba alahlekile noma amandla emisipha.
• Ukuphathwa komsebenzi ukukusiza ukubuyela emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke evamile, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi.
• Ukuphathwa kokukhuluma ukukusiza uma ukukhuluma kunzima.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwabantwana abafunda esikoleni ukubasiza ukubhekana nezinguquko zenkumbulo yabo nokucinga. bhalisela mahhala futhi uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nokuphathwa kwesibopho sengqondo, ukuxilongwa nokuhlinzwa. sixhumanisi sokuyeka ukubhalisa i-imeyili. Ucwaningo oluncane luye lwenziwa ekuwelapheni okuhlanganisiwe nokuhlukile kwemifucumfucu yengqondo. Akukho ukwelashwa okuhlukile okuye kwabonakala kuphola imifucumfucu yengqondo. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe kungakusiza ukubhekana nokucindezeleka kokuxilongwa kwesibopho sengqondo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihlanganisiwe ezingakusiza ukubhekana zifaka:
• Ukwelashwa ngezobuciko.
• Ukuzivocavoca.
• Ukucamngca.
• Ukwelashwa ngomculo.
• Ukuzivocavoca kokupumula. Khuluma neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nezinketho zakho. Abanye abantu bathi ukuxilongwa kwesibopho sengqondo kuzwakala kukhulu futhi kuyesabekayo. Kungase kukwenze uzizwe sengathi awunalo igunya lempilo yakho. Kungase kusize ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqonda isimo sakho nokukhuluma ngemizwa yakho. Cabanga ukuzama:
• Funda okwanele mayelana nemifucumfucu yengqondo ukuze wenze izinqumo mayelana nokukhathalelwa kwakho. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nohlobo lwakho oluthile lwesibopho sengqondo. Buza ngezinketho zakho zokwelapha, futhi uma uthanda, i-prognosis yakho. Njengoba ufunda okuningi mayelana nemifucumfucu yengqondo, ungase uzizwe kangcono ngokwenza izinqumo zokwelapha. Funafuna ulwazi oluvela emithonjeni ethembekile, njenge-American Cancer Society ne-National Cancer Institute.
• Gcina abangane nomndeni eduze. Ukugcina ubuhlobo bakho obuseduze buqinile kuzokusiza ukubhekana nesibopho sakho sengqondo. Abangane nomndeni bangakunikeza ukwesekwa okuwusizo, njengokusiza ukunakekela ikhaya lakho uma usesibhedlela. Futhi bangakhonza njengokwesekwa ngokomzwelo uma uzizwa ukhulu ngumdlavuza.
• Thola umuntu okhuluma naye. Thola umlaleli omuhle ofuna ukuzwa ukukhuluma ngethemba lakho nokwesaba kwakho. Lokhu kungaba umngane, ilungu lomndeni noma ilungu lebandla. Cela iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuphakamisa umxhumanisi noma umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle wezokwelapha ongakhuluma naye. Buza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo mayelana namaqembu wokusekela isibopho sengqondo endaweni yakho. Kungase kusize ukufunda ukuthi abanye abantu abasesimweni sakho bafuna ukubhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zezokwelapha. Thola umuntu okhuluma naye. Thola umlaleli omuhle ofuna ukuzwa ukukhuluma ngethemba lakho nokwesaba kwakho. Lokhu kungaba umngane, ilungu lomndeni noma ilungu lebandla. Cela iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuphakamisa umxhumanisi noma umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle wezokwelapha ongakhuluma naye. Buza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo mayelana namaqembu wokusekela isibopho sengqondo endaweni yakho. Kungase kusize ukufunda ukuthi abanye abantu abasesimweni sakho bafuna ukubhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zezokwelapha.