Ukuqunjelwa Kuyini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Ukuqunjelwa kuyisifo esibuhlungu sobhaktheriya esibangelwa yi-Yersinia pestis, i-germ eyahlala ikhula ezimpungulweni nezinambuzane eziqubulayo. Nakuba igama elithi "ukuqunjelwa" lingase likuhumushele ezinhlanganweni zomlando, ukuqunjelwa kwesikhathi samanje kuphekwa ngokuphelele ngama-antibiotic esimanje uma kubanjwa ngokushesha.

Lesi sifo sasendulo sisatholakala ngamanani amancane emhlabeni jikelele, kufaka phakathi ezingxenyeni zaseNtshonalanga ye-United States. Ukuqonda ukuqunjelwa kukusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu ngokushesha bese ufuna ukwelashwa okusheshayo, okuholela eziphumeleni ezinhle zokutamba emacala amaningi.

Ukuqunjelwa Kuyini?

Ukuqunjelwa kuyisifo sobhaktheriya esihlupha ama-lymph nodes akho, amaphaphu, noma igazi, kuye ngokuthi ibhaktheriya ingena kanjani emzimbeni wakho. Ibhaktheriya efanayo ebangela ukuqhuma okubhubhisayo emlandweni manje iphendula kahle kuma-antibiotic avamile afana ne-streptomycin ne-doxycycline.

Icala lokuqunjelwa lesimanje liyimfihlo kodwa liyaqhubeka, ngamacala angaba ngu-1 kuya ku-17 abikwa minyaka yonke e-United States. Ukutheleleka okuningi kwenzeka ezindaweni zasemakhaya zaseNingizimu-ntshonalanga, ikakhulukazi eNew Mexico, e-Arizona, nase-Colorado.

Ibhaktheriya ihlala ngokwemvelo kubantu bezilwane zasendle ezifana nezinja zasendle, izimpungulwane zomhlabathi, ne-chipmunks. Izimpungulwane ziya kutheleleka lapho ziklama lezi zilwane, bese zithumela ibhaktheriya kubantu ngokuklama kwazo.

Imikhakha Yokuqunjelwa Yiyiphina?

Ukuqunjelwa kuvela ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko, ngayinye ihlupha izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wakho. Uhlobo oluthuthukisayo luya kuye ngokuthi ibhaktheriya ingena kanjani ohlelweni lwakho nokuthi ihlala kuphi kuqala.

Ukuqunjelwa kwe-Bubonic kuyindlela evamile kakhulu, okwenza kube ama-80-95% azo zonke izimo. Kuthuthuka lapho izimpungulwane eziqubulayo zikulama, zibangela ibhaktheriya ukuthi ihlale kuma-lymph nodes akho aseduze. Lezi nodes ziyakhula zibe yizicucu ezibuhlungu ebizwa ngokuthi "ama-buboes," ngokuvamile esigodini sakho, e-armpit, noma endaweni yomphimbo.

Isibhubesi se-pneumonic sithinta amaphaphu akho futhi limelela uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu. Ungathola lolu hlobo ngokuphefumula amaconsi aselethwe umuntu ogulayo, noma lapho ibhaktheriya yesibhubesi se-bubonic isakazeka emaphaphwini akho. Lolu hlobo lusakazeka kumuntu kuya komunye futhi ludinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Isibhubesi se-septicemic senzeka lapho ibhaktheriya izala ngqo egazini lakho. Lokhu kungenzeka njengokutheleleka okuyinhloko okuvela ekudlwengulweni kwe-flea noma lapho ezinye izinhlobo zesibhubesi zisakazeka emzimbeni wakho. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, lolu hlobo lungaba yingozi ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu zesibhubesi?

Izimpawu zesibhubesi zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini eziyi-1 kuya kwezi-6 ngemuva kokubekwa ezingozini ze-fleas noma izilwane ezithathelwanayo. Ukuqaphela okusheshayo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okusheshayo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuphulukisa.

Ake sihambe ngezimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo ngaluhlobo, sikhumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa okusheshayo kuholela emiphumeleni emihle:

Izimpawu zesibhubesi se-bubonic zifaka:

• Ukuqhuma kwesikhathi esifushane, ngokuvamile kufinyelela ku-101°F noma ngaphezulu
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bekhanda obungaphenduli kahle ezinhlungwini ezingaphezu kwe-counter
• Ama-lymph nodes abhlungu, abuvukile (ama-buboes) azizwa afudumele futhi athambile
• Ukuthandaza nezinhlungu zemisipha emzimbeni wakho wonke
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe nzima
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha kwezinye izimo

Ama-lymph nodes abuvukile ngokuvamile yisibonakaliso esibonakalayo sesibhubesi se-bubonic. La ma-buboes avame ukuvela endaweni eseduze lapho ukhumule khona - i-groin yakho uma ukhumule emilenzeni, i-armpit yakho uma ukhumule engalweni.

Izimpawu zesibhubesi se-pneumonic zifaka:

• Ukuqhuma okuphezulu nokukhathala
• Ukuhlanza okukhulu okungakhiqiza i-sputum egazi noma emanzini
• Ukuphefumula okunzima noma ukuphefumula okufushane
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni, ikakhulukazi lapho uphefumula ngokujulile
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo kanye nesivinini senhliziyo
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda nobuthakathaka bemisipha

Isibhubesi se-pneumonic singakhula ngokushesha, ngezinye izikhathi siqhubeka ngamahora ambalwa. Ukuhlanza nobunzima bokuqeda umoya kuhlukaniselana nobubhubhane be-bubonic, nakuba abanye abantu bathuthukisa izinhlobo zombili ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Izimpawu ze-septicemic plague zifaka:

• Ukuqhuma okuphezulu nokubanda okukhulu
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukuphefumula, ukugabha, nokukhuluphala
• Ukuphuza ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kubangela amabala amnyama
• Ukushaqeka nokuhluleka komzimba ezimweni eziphambili
• Ukudideka noma isimo sengqondo esiguqukile

Isibhubesi se-septicemic singaba nzima ukuqonda ekuqaleni ngoba alihlali libangela ama-lymph nodes avuvukile. Ukuphuza ngaphansi kwesikhumba kwenzeka ngoba ibhaktheriya ithonya ikhono legazi lakho lokuhlanganisa kahle.

Yini ebangela isibhubesi?

Isibhubesi sikhula lapho ibhaktheriya ye-Yersinia pestis ingena emzimbeni wakho, ngokuvamile ngokugwazwa yi-flea eyonakele. Leli bhaktheriya lihamba ngokwemvelo phakathi kwama-rodenti asendle ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni, kudala lokho osayensi abakubiza ngokuthi "izikhathi ze-enzootic."

Ukuqonda ukuthi isibhubesi sisakazeka kanjani kusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele, ikakhulukazi uma uhlala noma uvakashela izindawo lapho isibhubesi sivela khona ngokwemvelo:

Ukugwazwa yi-flea kubangela ukutheleleka okuningi kwesibhubesi kubantu. Ama-fleas ayatheleleka lapho edla ama-rodenti ayonakele njenge-prairie dogs, ama-ground squirrels, izigqila, noma ama-chipmunks. Lapho la ma-fleas ayonakele egula abantu kamuva, angadlulisela ibhaktheriya ngesaliva yawo.

Ukuthintana ngqo nezilwane ezinakeleyo kungasakaza isibhubesi. Abazingeli, odokotela bezilwane, noma abanini bezilwane bangatheleleka ngokuqothula noma ukukrazula lapho baphatha izilwane ezinakeleyo. Ngisho nezilwane ezifile zingaba ne-infectious isikhathi esithile.

Amaconsi okuphefumula asakaza isifo sephepha esiphulomonari kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Uma umuntu onesihluku sephepha esiphulomonari ekhwehlela noma ekhwehleka, ukhulula amaconsi anebhaktheriya abanye abangawaphefumula. Lokhu kubonisa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwesifo sephepha oluthuthukela ngqo phakathi kwabantu.

Izindlela zokusakazeka ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukudla inyama engaphekwe kahle evela ezilwaneni ezinegalelo noma ukuthola ibhaktheriya ezilondeni ezingavalwanga. Lezi zindlela azivamile kodwa zingase zenzeke ezindaweni lapho isifo sephepha sihlala khona.

Ibhaktheriya ikhula ezimweni ezibandayo, ezimanzi, okucacisa ukuthi izimo zesifo sephepha zivame ukwanda ezinyangeni ezibandayo noma ezindaweni ezintabeni. Ukuhlanzeka kwamanje nokulawulwa kwezilo ezinyenyayo kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu ukusabalala kwesifo sephepha uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqhuma kwesikhathi esidlule.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngesifo sephepha?

Kufanele ufunuke ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola ukufipha okungazelelwe, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, namathumba ahlungulu, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuboshwa okungenzeka kwezinambuzane noma izilwane ezinegalelo ezindaweni lapho isifo sephepha sihlala khona. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni phakathi kwamahora angu-24 ngemuva kokuba izimpawu ziqale kuholela emiphumeleni emihle kakhulu.

Ungalindi uma uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi inhlanganisela yokufipha okuphezulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, namathumba ahlungulu ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi ngaphandle ezindaweni ezaziwayo ngesifo sephepha. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, ngisho noma ungaqiniseki ngokuboshwa.

Funuka ukunakekelwa okuphaphandayo ngokushesha uma uthola izimpawu zesifo sephepha esiphulomonari njengokukhwehlela okukhulu nge-sputum egazi, ukuphefumula okuyinselele, noma ubuhlungu esifubeni. Isifo sephepha esiphulomonari siqhubeka ngokushesha futhi sidinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ngokushesha ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma ukhombiswe izilwane ezigula noma ezifile ezindaweni zesifo sephepha, ngisho noma ungenazimpawu. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase akukhuthaze ama-antibiotic okuvimbela kuye ngengozi yakho yokuboshwa nomsebenzi wesifo sephepha endaweni.

Yiziphi izici ezingozi zesifo sephepha?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuhlangana nebhaktheriya yebhubhane. Ukuqonda lezi zingqinamba kuzokusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okungadingekile.

Ubungozi bakho buya phezulu kuye ngokuthi uhlala kuphi, usebenza kuphi, futhi uchitha isikhathi sakho sokuzijabulisa kuphi:

Indawo yomhlaba idlala indima enkulu kakhulu ebungozini bebhubhane. E-United States, amacala amaningi kwenzeka ezindaweni zasemakhaya zaseNew Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, California, Oregon, naseNevada. Emhlabeni wonke, ibhubhane likhona ezingxenyeni zase-Afrika, e-Asia, naseNingizimu Melika.

Imisebenzi yangaphandle ezindaweni ezinobhubhane iyandisa ubungozi bokuvezwa. Ukukhempa, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ukuzingela, neminye imisebenzi yokuphumula yangaphandle ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi bezilwane ezincelisayo zingakuletha ekuthintweni nezinambuzane ezithathelwanayo.

Ukuvezwa emsebenzini kuchaphazela imisebenzi ethile ngaphezu kwabanye. Odokotela bezilwane, ochwepheshe bezilwane zasendle, abasebenzi bokulawula izinambuzane, nabantu baselebhoratri abasebenza nezilwane noma amasampula ebhaktheriya babhekene nezingozi eziphezulu.

Ukuba nezilwane ezifuywayo ngezinye izikhathi kungandisa ubungozi, ikakhulukazi uma amakati akho ezingela izilwane ezincelisayo ezindaweni ezinobhubhane. Amakati athinteka kakhulu ebhubhaneni futhi angawudlulisela kubantu ngokuklama, ukukracula, noma amaconsi emoya.

Ukulawulwa okubi kwezinambuzane eduze kwekhaya lakho kudala amathuba okudluliselwa. Izindawo ezinabantu abaningi bezilwane ezincelisayo nokulawulwa okungalungile kwezifo kubona amacala amaningi ebhubhane.

Izici zokuguga zibonisa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 nabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 banengozi enkulu kancane, yize ibhubhane lingathinta noma ubani kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Lokhu kungahlobana nezindlela zokusebenza ngaphandle kanye nezici zesimiso somzimba.

Ukuba nalezi zici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzothola ibhubhane. Izigidi zabantu zihlala futhi zijabulela ezindaweni ezinobhubhane ngaphandle kokutheleleka, ikakhulukazi uma bethatha izinyathelo ezilula zokuvikela.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zebhubhane?

Nakuba ama-antibiotics wanamuhla ephumelela ekwelapheni isifo seplague uma eqalwa ngokushesha, ukwelashwa okulile kungabangela izinkinga ezinzima. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingase zenzeke kugcizelela ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwemithi okusheshayo kubaluleke kangakanani.

Ake sihlole ukuthi yini engase ienzeke uma isifo seplague singelaphiwe noma ukwelashwa kuqala sekwephuzile:

Ukuzamazama kwegazi (septic shock) kungase kwenzeke uma ibhaktheriya igcwala egazini lakho. Lokhu kwenza ukucindezela kwegazi lakho wehle kakhulu, kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezitho ezibalulekile. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, le nkinga ingavinjelwa ezimweni eziningi.

Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula (Respiratory failure) kungase kwenzeke ngesifo seplague esithinta amaphaphu, ikakhulukazi uma ukwelashwa kulile. Ukutheleleka kungalimaza kakhulu inyama yamaphaphu, okwenza kube nzima ngamaphaphu akho ukushintshana ngokufanele i-oksijini ne-carbon dioxide.

Isifo sengqondo (Meningitis) kwenzeka kancane uma ibhaktheriya yesifo seplague ifinyelela emaphepheni avikelayo asezizungwini zobuchopho bakho nomgogodla. Lokhu kwenza isiphithiphithi esinzima, ubunzima bomphimbo, nokuhlala kwengqondo okuguqukayo okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo okukhulu.

Ukonakala kwezitho kungathinta izinkulungwane zakho, isibindi, noma inhliziyo uma ibhaktheriya isakazeka kakhulu egazini lakho. Ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics kusenesikhathi kuvame ukuvimba le nqubo.

Ukufa kusekhona ngesifo seplague esingelaphiwe, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-pneumonic ne-septicemic. Noma kunjalo, amanani okufa wehla kakhulu ngokwelashwa ngama-antibiotics okusheshayo - kusuka ngaphezu kuka-50% ngaphandle kokwelashwa kuya phansi kuka-5% ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwasekuqaleni.

Izinkinga ezingavamile zihlanganisa izifo zokugqwala kwegazi, ezingabangela izinkinga zokopha noma ama-clots ayingozi. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa ukutheleleka kwezibhaktheriya okwesibili ngenkathi isimiso sabo siqina silwa nesifo seplague.

Isigijimi esibalulekile lapha ukuthi lezi zinkinga zingathintelwa kakhulu ngokubona nokuphathwa kwangaphambili. Ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha banciphise isifo sokuqhaqhazela kusuka esifweni esibhubhisayo emlandweni sibe yisifo esiphatheka kalula uma sibanjwa ngokushesha.

Ukuqhaqhazela kungavikeleka kanjani?

Unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuqhaqhazela ngezindlela zokuvimbela ezisebenzayo. Lezi zindlela zigxile ekugwemeni ukuxhumana nezinambuzane eziqhaqhazela nezilwane ezincane kunokulinganisela imisebenzi yakho yangaphandle.

Nazi izindlela ezisebenzayo kakhulu zokuzivimbela wena nomndeni wakho:

Lawula izinambuzane ezindlini zakho ngokwelapha izilwane zakho ngemikhiqizo yokuvimbela izinambuzane evunyelwe ngudokotela wezilwane. Gcina igceke lakho lingenawo udoti lapho izilwane ezincane zingahle zihlale khona, futhi cabanga ngokulawulwa kwezitsha eziphilayo uma ubona ukwanda kwemisebenzi yezilwane ezincane.

Gwema ukuxhumana ngqo nezilwane ezincane, ikakhulukazi ezigulayo noma eziyizidumbu. Uma kufanele uphathe izilwane ezifile, gqoka izihlangu bese ugeza izandla zakho kahle ngemva kwalokho. Ungalokothi uthinte izilwane ezincane ngezandla ezingagqokile, ngisho noma zibonakala zinesimo esihle.

Sebenzisa i-insect repellent ene-DEET uma uchitha isikhathi ngaphandle ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona isifo sokuqhaqhazela. Faka i-repellent olukhunjulayo nolwembatho, ulandela imiyalelo yelebula yokusetshenziswa okuvikelekile.

Gqoka izingubo zokukhuselwa ngesikhathi semisebenzi yangaphandle ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona isifo sokuqhaqhazela. Ibhulukwe elide elivalwe ezokisini nezicathulo ezivaliwe kunciphise ukukhombisa kwesikhumba ekubetweni kwezinambuzane.

Gcina ikhampu lakho lihlanzekile uma uqamba ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona isifo sokuqhaqhazela. Gcina ukudla kahle, lahla udoti ngokushesha, futhi gwema ukuqamba eduze kwezimbobo zezilwane ezincane noma ezindaweni zokwakha izindlu.

Vikela izilwane zakho ezifuywayo ngokuvimbela izinambuzane njalo nokuqapha. Ungavumeli ikati lizingela izilwane ezincane ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona isifo sokuqhaqhazela, futhi funa ukunakekelwa kwezilwane uma izilwane ezifuywayo zigula ngemva kokukhombisa okungenzeka.

Bika ngokufa okungajwayelekile kwezilwane kubaphathi bezempilo bendawo. Ukufa okungazelelwe phakathi kwamaprairie dogs noma ezinye izilwane ezincane kungabonisa ukuthi kukhona isifo seplague endaweni.

Lezi zindlela zokuvimbela zilula futhi akufanele zikwenze ungajabuli ngemisebenzi yakho yangaphandle. Umgomo ukunciphisa ingozi ngenkathi ugcina indlela yakho yokuphila evamile ezindaweni lapho i-plague ivela khona ngokwemvelo.

I-plague ihlonishwa kanjani?

Odokotela bahlonishwa i-plague ngokuhlola kwelabhori edibeneyo nezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wokubekwa engcupheni. Ukuxilongwa okusheshayo kubalulekile ngoba ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqala ngokubuza ngemisebenzi yakho yakamuva, uhambo, nanoma yikuphi ukuxhumana nezilwane noma amafleas. Lolu lwazi lusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-plague kuyadingeka yini nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezihlanganisi okumele ziqoqwe.

Izivivinyo zegazi zingabonisa ibhaktheriya ye-plague noma ama-antibodies umzimba wakho awenza njengomphumela wokutheleleka. Udokotela wakho angase ayalele ukukhula kwegazi ukukhulisa ibhaktheriya kwelabhori, okungathatha amahora angu-24-48 ukuze uthole imiphumela.

Izihlanganisi ze-lymph node zinikeza indlela eqondile kakhulu yokuxilonga i-bubonic plague. Usebenzisa unhlanzi oluqondile, odokotela bangakhipha isithombo esivela kuma-lymph nodes avuvukile ukuze bahlole ngaphansi komkhiqizo bese bahlola ibhaktheriya.

Izivivinyo ze-Sputum zisiza ekuhlonzeni i-pneumonic plague ngokuhlola ukhulu olukhwehlelwayo. Abasebenzi belabhori bafuna ibhaktheriya ye-plague besebenzisa ama-stains akhethekile nezindlela zokukhula.

Izivivinyo ezisheshayo zokuxilonga zingakunikeza imiphumela yokuqala ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa. Lezi zivivinyo zithola ama-antigens e-plague noma izinto eziphilayo, nakuba ukuqinisekiswa kusadinga izindlela zokukhula zebhaktheriya ezivamile.

Ukuhlolwa okuthuthukile kuhlanganisa i-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) izivivinyo ezingakwazi ukubona i-plague DNA ngokushesha nangokuqondile. Amanye ama-laboratories angenza lezi zivivinyo ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa.

Udokotela wakho angase aqale ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibuyele uma izimpawu zakho nomlando wokuboshwa kukhombisa ngokuqinile isifo seplague. Le ndlela igcina isikhathi esibalulekile futhi ayihlangani nezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwesifo seplague kukhethekile futhi kungadingeka ukuthumela amasampula ezilaboratri zesifundazwe noma zasezweni. Isibhedlela sakini sendawo liqondisa le nqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okuhle kanye nemiphumela esheshayo.

Iyini impilo yesifo seplague?

Isifo seplague siphendula kahle kuma-antibiotic amaningi ajwayelekile uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha. Ikhona ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic phakathi kwamahora angu-24 ngemuva kokuba izimpawu ziqale ukuze kube khona imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzoxhomeka ohlotsheni lwesifo seplague olukhona nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala nini:

I-Streptomycin ihlala iyilona i-antibiotic elikhulu lokwelapha isifo seplague. Inikezwa njengesijeziso esimisweni sakho, ibulawa ngokuphumelelayo amabhaktheriya esifo seplague futhi inezingqondo eziningi zokuphumelela okuqinisekisiwe. Abantu abaningi bathola le antibiotic izinsuku ezingu-7-10.

I-Gentamicin inikeza enye indlela uma i-streptomycin ingekho. Le antibiotic inikezwa nge-intravenously futhi isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-streptomycin ngezilinganiso zokusebenza ezifanayo.

I-Doxycycline ingathengwa ngomlomo, okwenza ibe wusizo ezimweni ezingathi sína noma lapho ama-antibiotic okujezisa angasebenzi. Udokotela wakho angase akubhale lokhu izinsuku ezingu-10-14, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuvimbela isifo seplague ngemuva kokuboshwa.

I-Ciprofloxacin imele enye indlela yomlomo esebenza kahle ngokumelene namabhaktheriya esifo seplague. Ilusizo kakhulu kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha i-doxycycline ngenxa ye-allergies noma eminye imithi.

I-Chloramphenicol ingase ikhethwe ngenxa yesifo seplague meningitis ngoba ingena kahle emathunjini engqondo. Noma kunjalo, odokotela bagcina le antibiotic ezimweni ezithile ngenxa yemiphumela emibi.

Ukwelashwa ngemithi eminingi ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi isifo sokuqabula esiphulmonari noma isepticemic. Udokotela wakho angase abele imithi emibili yobisi ndawonye ukuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 ngemuva kokuqala ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic. Ukuqhuma kwemikhuhlane kuvame ukuqeda phakathi kwamahora angu-48, futhi ama-lymph nodes ahlunguluwe ahlala ehlala kancane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emaviki.

Uma une-pneumonic plague, cishe uzodinga ukuhlukaniswa amahora angu-48 okuqala kokwelashwa ukuvimbela ukusabalalisa ukutheleleka kwabanye. Ngemva kwalokhu, awusabi isisulu.

Ungayiphatha kanjani izimpawu zesifo sokuqabula ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya sesifo sokuqabula kugxile ekusekeleni impilo yakho ngenkathi uthatha ama-antibiotic abhalwe. Ungalokothi uzama ukwelapha isifo sokuqabula ngezindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya zodwa - ama-antibiotic abalulekile ekuphileni.

Nawa amaqhinga ongawakwazi ukusekela impilo yakho kanye nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha:

Phumula ngokuphelele phakathi nesigaba esibuhlungu sesifo. Umuthi wakho udinga amandla okulwa nokutheleleka, ngakho-ke gwema umsebenzi, ukuzivocavoca, nemisebenzi engenamsebenzi kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekukhulula.

Hlala uthambile ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi acacile njengamanzi, ubhontshisi, noma izixazululo ze-electrolyte. Ukuqhuma kwemikhuhlane nokukhishwa kwezinyembezi kungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, okwenza impilo yakho ibe kancane.

Phatha umkhuhlane nge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen njengoba kuqondiswe yisikhungo sakho sezempilo. Ungalokothi uzame ukucima umkhuhlane ngokuphelele, njengoba kusiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukulwa nokutheleleka.

Faka izikhwama ezishisayo kuma-lymph nodes ahlunguluwe ukuqeda ubuhlungu. Sebenzisa i-washcloth ehlanzekile, efudumele imizuzu engu-10-15 izikhathi eziningi ngosuku. Ungalokothi uzame ukuphuma noma ukhwethe ama-nodes ahlunguluwe ngokwakho.

Dla ukudla okulula, okunomsoco uma uzizwa ukwazi. Gxila kukhetho oluqondakala kalula njengosopo, amakhekhe, noma i-toast. Ungakhathazeki uma ukudla kwakho kungabi kuhle ekuqaleni - kuzobuya njengoba uphulukana.

Thatha ama-antibiotics ngokuqondile njengoba uyalelwe ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa kangcono. Ukumisa ama-antibiotics ngokushesha kungavumela ama-bacteria ukuba abuyele futhi kungenzeka athuthukise ukumelana.

Qapha izimpawu zakho uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uthola izinkinga ezintsha njengokubuthakathaka kokuphefumula, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, noma ubuhlungu be-lymph node obukhulu.

Zimele ngokufanele uma une-pneumonic plague. Hlala ekhaya futhi ubeke isembozo sobuso uma useseduze namalungu omndeni kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi awusabi.

Khumbula ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kusekela kodwa akukaze kuthathe indawo yokwelashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha. Ama-antibiotics akho ayimithi ayenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekulweni nokuvuvukala.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole ngokushesha ukuthi ungaba ne-plague yini futhi aqale ukwelashwa okufanele. Tshona ulungile ngolwazi oluqondile mayelana nezimpawu zakho nemisebenzi yakamuva.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala imininingwane ebalulekile ezizosisiza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo:

Bhala izimpawu zakho kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini, zingakanani, nokuthi ziyabe zibi yini. Qaphela ubushushu bakho uma ubuye ubukhange, futhi uchaze noma yiziphi izindawo ezivuvukile emzimbeni wakho.

Bhalisa imisebenzi yakamuva emasontweni amabili adlule, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yangaphandle, uhambo emazweni asemakhaya, ukuxhumana nezilwane, noma ukukhonjwa yi-flea. Faka ukukhempeni, ukuhamba, ukuzingela, noma ukusebenza eduze nezilwane.

Qaphela ukuxhumana nezilwane kufaka phakathi izilwane ezifuywayo, izilwane zasendle, izilwane ezifuywayo, noma izilwane ezifile ongase uhlangane nazo. Khuluma uma izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zigulayo noma uma uqaphele ukwanda kwemisebenzi yezilwane ezincane endlini yakho.

Letha ulwazi lwezidakamizwa kufaka phakathi zonke izidakamizwa ezirehishinelwe, imithi yokuthengisa, kanye nezinye izinto ezengeziwe ozithatha njengamanje. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingathinta ukukhethwa kwama-antibiotics.

Bhala uhlu lwezinto ozithola ungazitholi imithi, ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotic, njengoba lokhu kuchaphazela izinketho zokwelapha. Faka noma yimiphi imiphumela yangaphambili yemithi, ngisho noma iyincinci.

Lungisa imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelapha, isikhathi sokuphulukisa, nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezingamalungu omndeni. Zibhale phansi ukuze ungakhohlwa ngesikhathi sokuqokwa.

Letha ulwazi lwe-inshorensi kanye nokuhlonza, njengoba ukwelashwa kwe-plague kungadinga ukungena esibhedlela noma ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okukhethekile.

Uma ugula kakhulu, yenza othile akuqhubele ekuqokweni noma ucabange ukuya endaweni yokwelapha ephuthumayo esikhundleni salokho. I-plague ingathuthuka ngokushesha, futhi izimpawu ezinzima zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.

Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa, qinisani ngokuphelele mayelana nemisebenzi yakho kanye nezimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho udinga ulwazi olunembile ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okulungile nokunquma ukwelapha.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-plague?

I-plague iyisifo esibuhlungu kodwa esiphatheka ngokuphelele sobhaktheriya uma sibanjwa ngokushesha. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo ngenxa yokuxhumana kwemlando, ama-antibiotic esimanje aphola i-plague ngokuphumelelayo ezigamekeni eziningi.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kwenza umehluko omkhulu. Uma uthuthukisa ubushushu obungalindelekile, isiphithiphithi esibuhlungu, nama-lymph nodes avuvukile ngemuva kokubekwa engcupheni kwezinambuzane noma izilwane ezincane ezindawo ze-plague, funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ungavumeli ukwesaba i-plague kukuvimbele ukujabulela imisebenzi yangaphandle ezindaweni ezinomthelela. Izinyathelo ezilula njengokusebenzisa i-insect repellent, ukulawula i-fleas ezilwaneni ezifuywayo, nokuqeda ukuxhumana nezilwane ezincane zasendle kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho.

Imithi yanamuhla iye yaguqula i-plague kusuka esifweni esibhubhisayo emlandweni ibe yisifo esilawuleka. Ngokwazi okusheshayo nokuphathwa kwemithi ye-antibiotic efanele, abantu bayaphila ngokuphelele futhi babuyele ekuphileni kwabo okuvamile.

Hlala unolwazi ngemisebenzi yebhubhane endaweni yakini ngamasevisi ezempilo wendawo, kodwa khumbula ukuthi izimo zisazinzile. Gxila ezinyathelweni eziyisisekelo zokuvikela bese ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma izimpawu ezinkulu zivele.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngebhubhane

Ungathelelwa yibhubhane yini ngumuntu?

Kuphela ibhubhane ye-pneumonic esakazeka komuntu komunye ngezicubu zomoya lapho umuntu ekhwehlela noma ethikiza. Ibhubhane ye-Bubonic ne-septicemic ayisakazeki ngqo phakathi kwabantu. Uma umuntu ekhaya lakho enebhubhane ye-pneumonic, uzodinga ukuhlukaniswa amahora angu-48 okuqala kokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic.

Ingabe ibhubhane isaqhubeka namuhla?

Yebo, ibhubhane isaqhubeka emhlabeni wonke ngezimo ezingaba ngu-1,000 kuya ku-3,000 ezibikwa emhlabeni jikelele unyaka ngamunye. E-United States, ngokuvamile kunezimo eziyi-1 kuya ku-17 minyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya e-Southwest. I-bacteria ihlala ngokwemvelo kubantu abangenamahloni futhi ayikapheliswa.

Ibhubhane ibulawa ngokushesha kangakanani ngaphandle kokwelashwa?

Ibhubhane ye-bubonic engaphathwe ingathuthuka ibe yokufa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-2-6, kuyilapho ibhubhane ye-pneumonic ingabulala phakathi kwamahora angu-18-24 ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic. Noma kunjalo, ngokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ngokushesha, amazinga okufa wehla ngaphansi kuka-5%. Umehluko olukhulu ubonisa ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kubaluleke kangaka.

Ingabe izilwane ezifuywayo zingaba nebhubhane futhi zinike abantu?

Yebo, ikati liyathinteka kakhulu ebhubhaneni futhi lingaludlulisa kubantu ngokuklama, ukukracula, noma izicubu zomoya uma liqala ibhubhane ye-pneumonic…