Ukuqonda iPresbyopia: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Presbyopia yishintsho lokubona elizenzakalelayo elenza kube nzima ukubona izinto ezikude, njengokufunda incwadi noma ukubuka ifoni yakho. Akuyona isikhathi noma isimo sokulimala kwamehlo okufanele ukukhathazeke ngakho. Kunalokho, ingxenye evamile yokuguga ethonya cishe wonke umuntu, ngokuvamile iqala eminyakeni engama-40.

Cabanga ngakho njengamehlo akho kancane kancane elahlekelwa amandla abo okuguqula ukugxila ezintweni ezikude nasezisondelene. Njengoba ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho zishintsha njengoba ugoduka, amandla okuqondisa amehlo akho wehla ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-presbyopia kulula ukuyilungisa ngamagalasi, ama-contact lenses, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Iyini i-presbyopia?

I-Presbyopia kwenzeka lapho i-lens elikhona emehlweni akho liba buthakathaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-lens yamehlo akho ngokuvamile ishintsha ukuma ukuze ikusize ukugxila ezintweni ezikude. Uma usencane, le lens ihlanzekile futhi inamandla, iguqula kalula ukuze ikusize ukubona ngokucacile noma ngabe ubheka into ekude noma ufunda into eseduze.

Njengoba ugoduka, i-lens kancane kancane iqinile futhi ilahlekelwa amandla ayo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngamehlo akho ukushintsha ukugxila ezintweni ezikude kuya kwezisondelene. Umphumela ukuthi imisebenzi eseduze njengokufunda, ukubopha, noma ukusebenzisa ifoni yakho ephakathi kwenza kube nzima.

Lesi simo sithinta cishe wonke umuntu njengoba egoduka. Kuvamile kangangokuba odokotela bamehlo bakubheka njengengxenye evamile yokuqina komzimba kunokuba yinkinga yokubona noma isifo esidinga 'ukwelashwa'.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-presbyopia?

Isinyathelo esicacile kakhulu se-presbyopia ukubona izinto ngokucacile ezikude. Ungase uqaphele ukuthi udinga ukubamba izincwadi, amamenyu, noma ifoni yakho kude nobuso bakho ukuze uzifunde ngokucacile.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukubona okungacacile uma ufunda noma wenza umsebenzi osondele
• Ukubamba izinto zokufunda ngesandla ukuze uzibone ngokucacile
• Ukuhlupheka kwamehlo noma ukukhathala ngemva kokufunda noma ukwenza umsebenzi onemininingwane
• Izinhlungu zikhanda ngemva kwemisebenzi ende eseduze
• Ukubona okunzima ekukhanyeni okumnyama uma ufunda
• Ukubona okunzima ukubopha izimpumputhe noma ukwenza ezinye izinto ezicacile
• Ukukhanyisa amehlo ukuzama ukubona okubhaliwe okuncane ngokucacile

Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zikhula kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Ungase uqale ukuzazi uma ukhuluphuka noma ezimweni zokukhanya okubi. Abantu abaningi baqala becabanga ukuthi badinga ukukhanya okuhle noma ukuthi 'banosuku olukhulu lokubona'.

Izimpawu zivame ukubonakala kakhulu uma ushintsha phakathi kokubuka into ekude bese uzama ukugxila into eseduze. Amehlo akho angathatha isikhathi eside ukuze alungise, noma into eseduze ingase ihlale ingacacile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzimisela kangakanani ukugxila.

Yini ebangela i-presbyopia?

I-Presbyopia ibangelwa izinguquko zemvelo kwi-lens yamehlo akho njengoba ugoduka. I-lens emehlweni akho yenziwe ngamanzi namaprotheni ahlelwe ngendlela egcina ihlanzekile futhi inamandla uma usencane.

Izinguquko eziningi ezihlobene nobudala zifaka isandla kwi-presbyopia:

• I-lens iba buthakathaka futhi iqinile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Imisipha eseduze ne-lens ingase ilahlekelwe amandla athile
• I-lens iyaqhubeka ikhula phakathi nokuphila kwakho, ibe nzima futhi ibe buthakathaka
• Amaprotheni e-lens ashintsha ukuma, okwenza kube nzima nge-lens ukushintsha ukuma

Lezi zinguquko zenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu njengengxenye yokuqina komzimba. Ngokungafani nezinye izinkinga zokubona ezingase zibangelwe ukulimala, isifo, noma i-genetics, i-presbyopia iwumphumela nje wamehlo akho okuqina. Kufana nendlela izikhonkwane zakho ezingase ziqine ngayo noma izinwele zakho ezingase ziguqe njengoba ugoduka.

Inqubo ngokuvamile iqala eminyakeni engama-30 noma ekuqaleni kwama-40, noma ngabe ungase ungaziboni izimpawu kuze kube kamuva. Ngonyaka wama-50, abantu abaningi banesilinganiso se-presbyopia, futhi iyaqhubeka iqhubeka kuze kube malunga neminyaka engama-60 lapho ngokuvamile ihlala khona.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-presbyopia?

Kufanele ubheke udokotela wamehlo uma uqala ukuba nezinhlungu zokubona okude noma uqaphela noma iyiphi yezimpawu ezishiwo ngaphambili. Ngisho noma i-presbyopia ivamile, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokususa ezinye izimo.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ukuqina okungazelelwe kokubona kwakho
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo kanye nokuqina kokubona
• Ukubona okunzima emisebenzini eseduze okuhlupha impilo yakho yansuku zonke
• Izinhlungu zikhanda eziqhele ngokufunda noma ukwenza umsebenzi onemininingwane
• Ukubona okunzima ngisho noma ubamba izinto ngesandla

Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho izinkinga zakho zokubona ziqala ukukukhawula kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungakusiza ugcine ikhwalithi yempilo yakho futhi uqhubeke ujabulela imisebenzi njengokufunda, ukwenza izinto, noma ukusebenzisa amadivayisi edijithali ngokunethezeka.

Khumbula ukuthi i-presbyopia ngokuvamile ivela kanye nezinye izimo zamehlo ezihlobene nobudala. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele kungathola izinkinga ezinjenge-cataracts, i-glaucoma, noma i-macular degeneration engase idinge ukwelashwa okuhlukile.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi ze-presbyopia?

Ubudala yimbangela enkulu yengozi ye-presbyopia, futhi ithonya wonke umuntu njengoba egoduka. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinto zingase zithinte ukuthi i-presbyopia ivela nini noma iqhubeka ngokushesha kangakanani.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zengozi zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala - i-presbyopia ngokuvamile iqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-40-45
• Imithi ethile efana ne-antidepressants, i-antihistamines, noma i-diuretics
• Izimo zezokwelapha ezinjenge-diabetes, i-multiple sclerosis, noma isifo senhliziyo
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo noma ukulimala kwangaphambili
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwamagilasi okufunda eneminyaka emincane

Abanye abantu bangase baqaphele izimpawu ze-presbyopia ngokushesha uma sebegqoka amagalasi okubona okude. Abanye bangase bangazi ukuthi bane-presbyopia uma benesifo sokubona okude, ngoba ukuthatha amagalasi abo okude kungase kubasize ukubona izinto ezisondelene ngokucacile.

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela i-presbyopia ekuqaleni, ukuqonda lezi zimbangela zengozi kungakusiza ukulungiselela izinguquko nokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele uma kudingeka.

Ziyini izinhlupheko ezingase zenzeke nge-presbyopia?

I-Presbyopia ngokwayo ayibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo, kodwa ukuyishiya ingalashwa kungathinta ikhwalithi yempilo yakho futhi kube yimbangela yezinye izinkinga. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu ukuthi ithonya kanjani imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke kanye nelungiselelo lonke.

Izinhlupheko ezingase zenzeke nge-presbyopia engalashwanga zihlanganisa:

• Ukungena engozini yokungezwani ngenxa yokubona okude okubi
• Ukuhlupheka kwamehlo nokukhathala
• Izinhlungu zikhanda eziqhele ngokukhanyisa amehlo noma ukuzama ukubona
• Ukuncipha kwekhwalithi yempilo nobunzima ngemisebenzi yokuhlala noma yomsebenzi
• Ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi uma ukufunda noma imisebenzi emininingwane ibe nzima kakhulu

Lezi zinhlupheko kulula ukuzivimbela ngokulungiswa kokubona okufanele. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi amagalasi, ama-contact lenses, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zixazulula ngokuphelele izimpawu ze-presbyopia zabo futhi zibavumela ukuba babuyele emisebenzini yabo evamile.

Kwezinye izikhathi, abantu bangase bathuthukise izinkinga ezinkulu zamehlo ezihambisana ne-presbyopia. Kungakho ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi njengoba ugoduka, ukuthola nokwelapha noma yiziphi izimo ezengeziwe ngokushesha.

I-presbyopia ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-presbyopia kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele nomsizi wezokunakekelwa kwamehlo. Inqubo ilula futhi ayibuhlungu, ngokuvamile ithatha cishe imizuzu engama-30-60 ukuyigcwalisa.

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa okuhlukile:

1. Ukuhlolwa kokubona okuqondile usebenzisa i-eye chart ukuhlola ukubona okude nokude
2. Ukuhlolwa kokuguqula ukuthola iresiphi ecacile oyidingayo
3. Ukuhlolwa kokunyakaza kwemisipha yamehlo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amehlo akho asebenza ndawonye kahle
4. Ukuhlolwa kokusabela kwabafundi usebenzisa ukukhanya okuncane
5. Ukuqapha ukucindezela kwamehlo ukuhlola i-glaucoma
6. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuqondile ukuhlola ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho

Ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-presbyopia ukuhlolwa kokubona okude. Udokotela wakho uzokucela ukufunda umbhalo ezikhathini ezihlukene futhi angase asebenzise ama-lens ahlukene ukubona ukuthi yiziphi ezikusiza ukubona ngokucacile ezikude.

Phakathi kokuhlolwa kokuguqula, udokotela wakho uzobeka ama-lens ahlukene phambi kwamehlo akho bese ebuza ukuthi yiziphi ezenza ukubona kwakho kucace. Lokhu kusiza ukuthola amandla acacile amagalasi okufunda noma ama-bifocals ozowadinga.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha i-presbyopia?

Izindlela eziningi zokwelapha eziphumelelayo zingalungisa i-presbyopia futhi zibuyisele amandla akho okubona ngokucacile ezikude. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kuwe kuncike endleleni yakho yokuphila, ezinye izidingo zokubona, kanye nezifiso zakho siqu.

Izindlela ezivamile zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Amagilasi okufunda - elula, abiza kancane, futhi aphumelela kubantu abaningi
• Amagilasi e-Bifocal - anamaresiphi amabili ahlukene ku-lens eyodwa
• Ama-lens aphambili - anikeza ukuguqulwa okulula phakathi kokubona okude nokude
• Ama-contact lenses e-Multifocal - anikeza ukunethezeka ngaphandle kwamagilasi
• Ama-contact lenses e-Monovision - ilensi elilodwa elilungisiwe lokude, elinye lesikude

Kubantu abafuna izixazululo ezihlala njalo, izindlela zokwelapha ziyatholakala:

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-LASIK okulungisiwe kokulungisa i-presbyopia
• Ukufakwa kwama-lens angaphakathi kwamehlo okuthatha indawo ye-lens yakho yemvelo
• Ama-inlays e-corneal aqhubekisa ukubona okude
• I-Conductive keratoplasty esebenzisa amandla e-radiofrequency

Abantu abaningi baqala ngamagalasi okufunda ngoba elula, aphumelela, futhi abizi kakhulu. Ungawathenga ngisho nasezitolo eziningi, nakuba iresiphi evela kudockotela wakho wamehlo izokunika ukulungiswa okuchane kakhulu.

Ama-lens aphambili athandwa kakhulu ngoba anikeza ukubona okuqondile kuwo wonke amabanga ngaphandle komugqa obonakalayo onama-bifocals. Noma kunjalo, kungathatha isikhathi esithile ukujwayela futhi kungase kungasebenzi kahle kuwo wonke umuntu.

Indlela yokuphatha i-presbyopia ekhaya?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukwelapha i-presbyopia ekhaya, izindlela eziningi zingakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu nokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe lula. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kangcono uma zihlanganiswa nokulungiswa kokubona okufanele evela kudockotela wakho wamehlo.

Nazi izindlela ezisiza zokuphatha ekhaya:

• Qinisekisa ukukhanya okwanele uma ufunda noma wenza umsebenzi osondele
• Sebenzisa izincwadi ezinkulu, amamagazini, noma ukhulisa usayizi wefonti kumadivayisi
• Thatha ama-break avamile phakathi kwemisebenzi eseduze ukuze uphumule amehlo akho
• Bamba izinto zokufunda ekude okunethezeka (ngokuvamile ngesandla)
• Gcina amagalasi okufunda ezindaweni eziningi ezilula
• Sebenzisa amagalasi okuqondisa emisebenzini emininingwane

Ukukhanya okuhle kubalulekile ikakhulukazi njengoba i-presbyopia ngokuvamile yenza kube nzima ukubona ezimweni ezimnyama. Sebenzisa ukukhanya okukhulu, okuqondile uma ufunda, futhi cabanga ukuthola izibani zedeski eziqondwayo emisebenzini emininingwane.

Amadivayisi amaningi edijithali manje anamafayili okufinyeleleka angasiza. Ungakhuphula usayizi wombhalo kuma-smartphones, ama-tablets, nama-computers, noma usebenzise amafayili wezwi-kuya-kumbhalo uma ukubhala kuba nzima.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yedokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yamehlo kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nezincomo zokwelapha ezifanele. Ukuzilungiselela kancane ngaphambili kuzokwenza i-aphoyintimenti ibe yiphumelelayo futhi enolwazi.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho:

1. Bhala zonke izimpawu zokubona ozibonile nokuthi zenzeka nini
2. Bala yonke imithi kanye nezinye izinto ozithathayo
3. Letha amagalasi akho wamanje noma ama-contact lenses
4. Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nezindlela zokwelapha kanye nezinto ezihlobene nendlela yokuphila
5. Hlela ukuthutha uma amehlo akho azokhanyiswa
6. Bukele ulwazi mayelana nomlando wezempilo yomndeni wakho wamehlo

Cabanga ngemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke kanye nalokho okuthonya kakhulu izinguquko zokubona kwakho. Lolu lwazi lusisiza udokotela wakho ukuncoma izindlela zokwelapha ezinhle kakhulu zezidingo zakho ezikhethekile nendlela yakho yokuphila.

Uma ucabanga ngezindlela zokwelapha, lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nezingozi, izinzuzo, isikhathi sokuphulukisa, kanye nezindleko. Unganqikazi ukubuza noma yini ongayiqondi - udokotela wakho wamehlo ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nezinto ozikhethayo.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-presbyopia?

I-Presbyopia ingxenye evamile yokuqina komzimba ethonya cishe wonke umuntu eminyakeni engama-40 nangaphezulu. Akuyona isikhathi noma isimo esinzima, nje ukushintsha kwemvelo kokuthi amehlo akho aqondisa kanjani njengoba ugoduka.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-presbyopia iyakwelashwa. Noma ngabe ukhetha amagalasi okufunda, ama-contact lenses, noma izindlela zokwelapha, ungaqhubeka ujabulela zonke izinto ozithandayo ezidinga ukubona okuqondile okude.

Ungavumeli izimpawu ze-presbyopia zikukhungathelise noma zikukhawulele ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bazijwayezele ngokushesha futhi baqhubeke befunda, basebenze, futhi baqhubeke nemisebenzi yabo ngokunethezeka. Okubalulekile ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile nokusebenza nomsizi wakho wezokunakekelwa kwamehlo ukuthola isisombululo esihle kakhulu sezidingo zakho.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana ne-presbyopia

Ingavimbeka yini i-presbyopia?

Ngeshwa, i-presbyopia ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngoba ingxenye yokuqina komzimba. Noma kunjalo, ukugcina impilo yamehlo ngokuhlolwa okuvamile, ukuvikela i-UV, kanye nokudla okunempilo kungasiza ukunciphisa ukukhula kwayo. Izinguquko e-lens yamehlo akho ebangela i-presbyopia zenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu njengoba egoduka, kungakhathaliseki izinto zendlela yokuphila.

Ingaqhubeka yenzeka kabi yini i-presbyopia ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

I-Presbyopia ngokuvamile iqhubeka kancane kancane kusukela eminyakeni engama-40 kuze kube malunga neminyaka engama-60, lapho ngokuvamile ihlala khona. Ungase udinga amagalasi okufunda aqinile noma ukulungiswa kwelresiphi yakho phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngemva kweminyaka engama-60, abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi i-presbyopia yabo ayishintshi kakhulu, futhi iresiphi yabo ihlala ihlala ihlala.

Ngingagqoka yini amagalasi okufunda angekho ngaphansi kwelayisensi esikhundleni sokuthola iresiphi?

Amagilasi okufunda angekho ngaphansi kwelayisensi angase asebenze kahle kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi uma ungadingi ukulungiswa kokubona okude. Noma kunjalo, amagalasi elayisensi anembile kakhulu futhi angase aqonde noma yimaphi umehluko phakathi kwamehlo akho. Uma une-astigmatism noma ezinye izinkinga zokubona, ama-lens elayisensi azokunikeza ukulungiswa kokubona okuhle kakhulu, okuhle kakhulu.

Kuvamile yini izimpawu ze-presbyopia ukuba zimbi uma ngikhathele?

Yebo, izimpawu ze-presbyopia ngokuvamile ziba zimbi uma ukhathele, ucindezelekile, noma ezimweni zokukhanya okubi. Imisipha yakho yamehlo isebenza kakhulu ukugxila uma ukhathele, okwenza kube nzima ukubona ngokucacile ezikude. Lokhu kuvamile futhi kungesinye isizathu sokuba ukukhanya okufanele nokuthatha ama-break phakathi komsebenzi osondele kubaluleke kangaka.

Ingathinta yini i-presbyopia ikhono lami lokushayela ngokuphephile?

I-Presbyopia ngokuyinhloko ithonya ukubona okude, ngakho ukushayela okude ngokuvamile akukuthinti. Noma kunjalo, ungase ube nezinhlungu zokufunda i-dashboard yakho, i-GPS, noma amamephu uma ushayela. Uma udinga ama-bifocals noma ama-lens aphambili, kungase kube nesikhathi esifushane sokujwayela. Qinisekisa njalo ukuthi ukulungiswa kokubona kwakho kuhlala kusebenza futhi cabanga ukuthola amagalasi esibili emotweni yakho.