Ukuthi yini i-Schwannoma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-schwannoma iyisigxobo esingalimi esikhula ekuvikelweni okungqongqoza izinsimbi zakho, okuthiwa yi-myelin sheath. Lezi zigxobo zikhula kancane futhi cishe azinawo umdlavuza, okusho ukuthi ngeke zisakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Cabanga ngakho njengobumba obuncane, obukhulu obukhula “ekuvikelweni” kwezingcingo zakho zezinzwa. Nakuba igama elithi “isigxobo” lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, ama-schwannomas avame ukuba awonakali futhi avame ukuphathwa kahle ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-schwannoma?

Izimpawu ozibonayo ziyahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi inzwa eithintekile nokuthi isisigxobo esikhulu kangakanani. Abantu abaningi abane-schwannomas encane ababoni zimpawu nhlobo, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni.

Uma izimpawu zivele, zivame ukuvela kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni eminingi. Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu okufanele uzibheke:

• Ubomvu obungapheli noma ubumba ongaba ubuzwa phansi kwesikhumba sakho
• Ukukhahlela noma ukungathuthumeli endaweni lapho isisigxobo sikhona
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha elawulwa yizinzwa ezihlaselekile
• Ubuhlungu obungase bube kubi ngokunyakaza noma ngokucindezela
• Ukushintsha kokuzwa, njengokuzwa uthintana noma ukushisa okuncane

Ngokuqondene nama-acoustic neuromas (ama-schwannomas esinzweni lokuzwa), ungase uqaphele ukulahleka kokuzwa endlebeni eyodwa, izwi elizwakalayo, noma izinkinga zokulinganisela. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibe zingekho ekuqaleni kodwa zivame ukuba zimbi kancane kancane.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ama-schwannomas amaningi akhula kancane kakhulu, kunika wena nodokotela wakho isikhathi esiningi sokulungiselela indlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-schwannoma?

Ama-Schwannomas ahlukaniswe ngokusekelwe lapho akhula khona emzimbeni wakho. Indawo ibeka izimpawu ongase uzibone nendlela aphathwa ngayo.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ama-acoustic neuromas: Akhula esinzweni elawula ukuzwa nokuqondana, ethinta indlebe eyodwa noma zombili
• Ama-spinal schwannomas: Akhula ezinzweni ezigqameni lakho futhi angathinta ukunyakaza noma ukuzwa
• Ama-peripheral schwannomas: Akha ezinzweni ezingalweni zakho, ezinyaweni, noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho
• Ama-cranial schwannomas: Athinta izinzwa ezikhanda lakho, okungenzeka ukuthi kuthonye ukubona, ukunyakaza kobuso, noma ukugwinya

Uhlobo ngalunye lunazo izimpawu zalo kanye nezincazelo zokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzobona uhlobo oluqondile ngokuhlolwa kwezithombe kanye nezimpawu zakho.

Yini ebangela i-schwannoma?

Imbangela eqondile yama-schwannomas amaningi ayaziwa, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi baphumela ekushintsheni kwe-jini elawula indlela amaseli e-Schwann akhula futhi ahlukanise ngayo. Lawo ngamaseli akha ukuvikelwa okungqongqoza izinzwa zakho.

Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinguquko ze-jini zenzeka ngokungahleliwe phakathi nokuphila kwakho. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bathuthukisa ama-schwannomas ngenxa yezimo eziwusifa.

Izimbangela ezaziwayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• I-Neurofibromatosis uhlobo 2 (NF2): Lesi simo se-genetic esingavamile sanda amathuba akho okukhula kwama-schwannomas amaningi
• I-Schwannomatosis: Esinye isifo se-genetic esingavamile esibangela ama-schwannomas amaningi ngaphandle kwezinye izici ze-NF2
• Ukushintsha kwe-genetic okungahleliwe: Ama-schwannomas amaningi avela ngaphandle komlando womndeni noma imbangela ezaziwayo

Ukuvezwa kwangaphambili komlilo ekhanda noma entanyeni kungase kukhulise amathuba akho, kodwa lokhu akukuvamile. Iningi lama-schwannomas akhula ngaphandle kwesici noma imbangela ebonakalayo.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-schwannoma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izigxobo ezihlala njalo, izigxobo, noma izimpawu zezinzwa ezingapheli ngokwazo. Ukubheka kwangaphambili kungasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa yini nokuvimbela izinkinga ezingase zenzeke.

Funani ukunakekelwa komtholampilo uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ubomvu obukhula noma ubunzima kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho
• Ukukhahlela noma ukungathuthumeli okuhlala izinsuku eziningi
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuya bube kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukulahleka kokuzwa noma ukukhala endlebeni eyodwa
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela noma ukukhungatheka
• Ubuhlungu obuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke

Ungalindi uma uqaphela ukushintsha okungazelelwe ezimpawu zakho noma uma kuthonya kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho. Udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa ukuze aqonde ukuthi yini ebangela izimpawu zakho futhi ancoma indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha.

Ziyini izici ezingase zikhulise amathuba okuthola i-schwannoma?

Ama-schwannomas amaningi akhula ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwezici eziqondile ezingase zikhulise amathuba, kodwa izimo ezithile nezimo zingase zikhulise amathuba akho okukhula kwalezi zigxobo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza uhlale unolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingase zikhulise amathuba zihlanganisa:

• Umlando womndeni we-NF2 noma i-schwannomatosis: Ukuba nezihlobo ezinazo lezi zimo ze-genetic kukhulise amathuba akho
• Ukuvezwa kwangaphambili komlilo: Ukwelashwa komlilo ekhanda noma entanyeni kungase kukhulise kancane amathuba
• Iminyaka: Ama-Schwannomas avame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengu-50
• Ubulili: Abafazi banethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwama-acoustic neuromas

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nezici ezingase zikhulise amathuba akusho ukuthi uzokhula ngokuqinisekile i-schwannoma. Abantu abaningi abana lezi zici abakhulumi zigxobo, kanti abanye abangenazo izici ezaziwayo bayazithola.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-schwannoma?

Nakuba ama-schwannomas engalimi futhi awavamile ukuba yingozi ekuphileni, ngezinye izikhathi angabangela izinkinga uma ekhula amakhulu ngokwanele ukucindezela izakhiwo ezibalulekile. Izinkinga ezithile ziyahluka kuye ngokuthi isisigxobo sikuphi.

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Ukonakala okungapheli kwezinzwa: Izisigxobo ezinkulu zingalimaza inzwa ezikhula kuyo
• Ukulahleka kokuzwa: Ama-acoustic neuromas angabangela ukulahleka kokuzwa okuphelele noma okungaphelele
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela: Izisigxobo ezithinta izinzwa zokulinganisela zingabangela ukukhungatheka okuqhubekayo
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha: Ama-Schwannomas ezinzweni zomzimba angabangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukuqina
• Ukuqina kobuso: Akukuvamile kodwa kungenzeka ngezisigxobo ezithinta izinzwa zobuso

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinkinga eziningi zingavikeleka noma zinciphisiwe ngokutholakala kwangaphambili nokwelashwa okufanele. Ukulandelela njalo kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuba angenelele ngaphambi kokuba izinkinga ezinzima zenzeke.

I-schwannoma ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-schwannoma kuvame ukubandakanya ukuxilongwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa kwezithombe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-biopsy. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ehlola indawo ethintekile.

Inkqubo yokuxilonga ivame ukubandakanya:

1. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela wakho uzohlola izigxobo bese ehlola ama-reflexes akho kanye nokuzwa
2. I-MRI scan: Lokhu kunikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yethishu ebushelelezi futhi kungabonisa usayizi nesikhundla sesigxobo
3. I-CT scan: Ngakolunye uhlangothi isebenza ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nesigxobo
4. Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa: Kubalulekile uma kukhona ukungabaza nge-acoustic neuroma
5. I-Biopsy: Ayivamile, kodwa ingase yenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

I-MRI ivame ukuba yivivinyo elibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ingabonisa ngokucacile ama-schwannomas futhi isize ukuwahlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zezigxobo. Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-ode ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic uma ekungabaza isifo esivela e-genetic.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-schwannoma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-schwannoma kuyahluka kuye ngezici eziningi, kufaka phakathi usayizi wesigxobo, indawo, izimpawu zakho, kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Ama-schwannomas amaningi amancane, angenazimpawu, adinga ukulandelelwa kunokwelashwa kwangoko.

Amathuba akho okwelashwa angase ahlanganise:

• Ukulinda nokulandela: Ukulandelela njalo nge-MRI scans yama-tumors amancane, angenazimpawu
• Ukususa ngokusebenza: Ukususa ngokuphelele isisigxobo, ngokuvamile kulondolozwa umsebenzi wezinzwa
• I-Stereotactic radiosurgery: Ukwelashwa komlilo okuqondile okunganciphisa noma ukuyeka ukukhula kwesisigxobo
• Ukwelashwa komlilo okuvamile: Kusetshenziswa kwezinye izimo lapho ukusebenza kungenakwenzeka

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba yindlela ekhethwayo yokwelapha izisigxobo ezinkulu noma lezo eziholela ezimpawu ezinkulu. Umgomo ukususa isisigxobo sonke ngenkathi kulondolozwa umsebenzi wezinzwa ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngokuqondene nama-acoustic neuromas, izinqumo zokwelapha zibheka futhi amazinga okuzwa kwakho, iminyaka, kanye nesivinini sokukhula kwesisigxobo. Udokotela wakho uzohlangana nawe ukukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho.

Indlela yokuphatha i-schwannoma ekhaya?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukwelapha i-schwannoma ekhaya, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uphathe izimpawu futhi usekele impilo yakho yonke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Lezi zindlela zingakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ulawule.

Nazi ezinye izindlela eziwusizo:

• Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu: Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu ongayithenga ngaphandle kokubhalwa yi-doctor ingasiza ngokungakhululeki
• Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile: Hlala usebenza ngaphakathi kwezinga lakho lokuhlala ukhululekile ukuze ugcine amandla nokuguquguquka
• Ukuphathwa kwengcindezi: Zama izindlela zokupumula njengokuphefumula okujulile noma ukuzindla
• Impilo enempilo: Dlala kahle, uthole ubuthongo obanele, futhi ugweme ukubhema
• Amaqembu asekelayo: Xhumana nabanye abanamazinga afanayo

Gcina ulandelela izimpawu zakho bese ubika noma yikuphi ukushintsha ku-doctor wakho. Uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zokulinganisela, yenza ikhaya lakho libe liphephile ngokususa izinto ezingase zikwenze uqine futhi ufake ama-grab bars lapho kudingeka khona.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungakusiza uthole okuningi ekuhambeleni kwakho futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi udokotela wakho uneyonke imininingwane edingekayo ukuze anikeze ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu. Ukuzilungiselela kancane kuya kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho:

1. Bhala izimpawu zakho: Faka lapho zaqala khona, indlela ezishintshile ngayo, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi
2. Bala imithi yakho: Faka yonke imithi yokubhalwa yi-doctor, imithi ongayithenga ngaphandle kokubhalwa yi-doctor, kanye nezinye izinto
3. Butha amarekhodi omtholampilo: Letha noma yiziphi iziphumo zokuhlolwa ngaphambili noma izifundo zezithombe
4. Lungiselela imibuzo: Bhala phansi lokho ofuna ukukwazi ngesimo sakho kanye namathuba okwelashwa
5. Letha ukwesekwa: Cabanga ngokuba nelungu lomndeni noma umngani ohambisana nawe

Ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo ngesikhathi se-appointment yakho. Udokotela wakho ufuna ukukusiza uqonde isimo sakho futhi uzizwe ukhululekile nge-treatment plan yakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-schwannoma?

Ama-Schwannomas ayizigxobo zezinzwa ezingalimi ezingase zibe yinkathazo, kodwa ziphatheka kahle ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi lezi zigxobo azivamile ukuba yimdlavuza futhi azivamile ukuba yingozi ekuphileni.

Ukutholakala kwangaphambili nokwelashwa okufanele kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kusize kulondolozwe umsebenzi wezinzwa zakho. Abantu abaningi abane-schwannomas baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile ngokuphelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi badinga ukwelashwa noma ukulandelelwa nje.

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingase zibe yi-schwannoma, ungalihli ukufuna ukunakekelwa komtholampilo. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lingakunikeza isiqondiso esiqondene nesimo sakho kanye nokusekela phakathi nohambo lwakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-schwannoma

Ingabe ama-schwannomas angaba yimdlavuza?

Ama-Schwannomas ayizigxobo ezingalimi, okusho ukuthi awona mdlavuza futhi awasakazeki kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ukuguqulwa okubi kungalindelekile kakhulu, kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% yezimo. Noma kunjalo, ukulandelela njalo kubalulekile ukulandelela noma yikuphi ukushintsha ngobukhulu noma izimpawu.

Ama-schwannomas akhula ngokushesha kangakanani?

Ama-schwannomas amaningi akhula kancane kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuthatha iminyaka ukuze akhule ngokubonakalayo. Amanye angase ahlale ahlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokukhula nhlobo. Isilinganiso sokukhula singase sihluke kuye ngendawo kanye nezici zomuntu, kungakho ukulandelela njalo ngokuhlolwa kwezithombe kubalulekile.

Ingabe ama-schwannomas angabuya ngemuva kokusebenza?

Ukubuyela ngemuva kokususa ngokuphelele ngokusebenza akukuvamile, kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-5% yezimo. Amathuba okubuyela aphezulu uma ingxenye nje yesigxobo isusiwe ukuze kulondolozwe umsebenzi wezinzwa. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngamathuba okubuyela ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Ingabe ama-schwannomas ayizinto eziwusifa?

Ama-schwannomas amaningi avela ngokungahleliwe futhi awawusifa. Noma kunjalo, abantu abanezimo ze-genetic njenge-neurofibromatosis uhlobo 2 (NF2) noma i-schwannomatosis banethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwama-schwannomas amaningi. Uma unemlando womndeni walawa masimo, ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic kungase kube usizo.

Ngingavimbela kanjani ama-schwannomas ukuba angakhula?

Akunandlela ezaziwayo yokuvimbela ama-schwannomas amaningi ngoba avame ukukhula ngenxa yokushintsha kwe-genetic okungahleliwe. Noma kunjalo, ukugwema ukuvezwa komlilo okungadingekile nokugcina impilo enhle yonke kungasiza ekuqedeni amathuba akho. Uma une-genetic predisposition, ukulandelela njalo kungasiza ekutholeni izigxobo kwangaphambili.