Tachycardia Supraventricular

I-Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) uhlobo oluthile lokungalingani komthetho wokubetha kwenhliziyo, okuthiwa futhi yi-arrhythmia. Kuyisigxobo senhliziyo esishesha kakhulu noma esingalawuleki esithinta amakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo. I-SVT ibizwa nangokuthi i-paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.\n\nInhliziyo evamile ibetha izikhathi ezimalunga nama-60 kuya ku-100 ngomzuzu. Ngesikhathi se-SVT, inhliziyo ibetha izikhathi ezimalunga nama-150 kuya ku-220 ngomzuzu. Ngesinye isikhathi ibetha ngokushesha noma kancane.\n\nAbalingani abaningi abane-supraventricular tachycardia abadingi ukwelashwa. Uma kunconywa, ukwelashwa kungafaka izinyathelo noma ukuhamba okuthile, imithi, inqubo yenhliziyo, noma idivayisi yokulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo.\n\nI-Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu amakhulu:\n\n- Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Lolu uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu lwe-supraventricular tachycardia.\n- Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT). Lolu uhlobo lwesibili oluvamile kakhulu lwe-supraventricular tachycardia. Kubonakala kakhulu kubantu abasebancane.\n- Atrial tachycardia. Lolu hlobo lwe-SVT lubonakala kakhulu kubantu abane-sickness yenhliziyo. I-Atrial tachycardia ayihlanganisi i-AV node.\n\Eminye imihlobo ye-supraventricular tachycardia ihlanganisa:\n\n- Sinus nodal reentrant tachycardia (SNRT).\n- Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST).\n- Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT).\n- Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET).\n- Nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia (NPJT).

Isimo esiyinhloko se-supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) yikhanda elihamba ngokushesha kakhulu elingase lihlale imizuzu embalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Inhliziyo ibetha izikhathi ezingaphezu kwekhulu ngomzuzu. Ngokuvamile ngesikhathi se-SVT, inhliziyo ibetha izikhathi ezingama-150 kuya ku-220 ngomzuzu. Ukushona kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kungase kuze futhi kuhambe ngokuzumayo. Izimpawu ze-supraventricular tachycardia zingafaka: Ukubetha noma ukuzwakala kokuthinta esifubeni, okubizwa ngokuthi i-palpitations. Ukuzwakala kokuthinta entanyeni. Ubuhlungu besifuba. Ukuphelelwa yikhanda noma cishe ukuphelelwa yikhanda. Ukukhanya kwekhanda noma ukukhungatheka. Ukuphefumula okufushane. Ukubila. Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala okukhulu. Abanye abantu abane-SVT abaziboni izimpawu. Ezinganeni ezincane kakhulu nasezinganeni ezincane kakhulu, izimpawu ze-SVT zingase zibe zingeqondi. Izimpawu zingafaka ukubila, ukondla okubi, ukuguquka kombala wesikhumba kanye nokushona okusheshayo. Uma ingane yakho encane noma ingane yakho encane inezimpawu ezifana nalezi, khuluma nochwepheshe wezempilo. I-Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ngokuvamile ayiyona into eyingozi ngaphandle uma unemonakalo wenhliziyo noma enye isimo senhliziyo. Kodwa uma i-SVT iyingozi, ukushona kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile kungabangela yonke imisebenzi yenhliziyo ukuba iyeke ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukumisa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo. Shaya ubuchwepheshe bezempilo uma unekhanda elihamba ngokushesha kakhulu okokuqala noma uma ukushona kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile kuhlala isikhathi eside kunesekondi ezimbalwa. Izimpawu ze-SVT zingase zibe nobudlelwano nesimo sempilo esingathi sína. Shaya u-911 noma inombolo yakho yokuphuthuma kwendaweni yakini uma unekhanda elihamba ngokushesha kakhulu elihlala isikhathi eside kunimizuzu embalwa noma uma ukushona kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kuvela nalezi zimpawu: Ubuhlungu besifuba. Ukukhungatheka. Ukuphefumula okufushane. Ubuthakathaka.

I-Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ngokuvamile ayiyona ingozi eyingozi ngaphandle uma une-damage yentliziyo noma enye isimo sentliziyo. Kodwa uma i-SVT iyingozi kakhulu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile kungabangela yonke imisebenzi yentliziyo ukuthi iyeke ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukumisa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo. Xhumana nochwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma une-heartbeat esheshayo kakhulu okokuqala noma uma i-heartbeat engalungile ihlala isikhathi eside kunamasekhondi ambalwa. Amakhambi e-SVT angahlobana nesimo sezempilo esingathi sína. Shaya u-911 noma inombolo yakho yokuphuthumayo yendawo uma une-heartbeat esheshayo kakhulu ehlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa noma uma i-heartbeat esheshayo ivela nale miqondo:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukukhungatheka.
• Ukuphefumula okufushane.
• Ubuthakathaka.

I-Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kokuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo enhliziyweni. Izimpawu zikagesi enhliziyweni ziyalawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo.

Kulolu hlobo lwesifo i-SVT, ushintsho ekunikezeni imiyalezo yenhliziyo kubangela ukuba ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuqale ngokushesha kakhulu emakhameni aphezulu enhliziyo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyasheshisa. Inhliziyo ayikwazi ukuzalwa ngegazi ngokufanele. Izimpawu ezinjengokuzwa ubuthakathaka noma ukukhungatheka zingase zenzeke.

Ekuhambeni okuvamile kwenhliziyo, iqembu elincane lamakhemikhali e-sinus node lithumela isinyathelo sikagesi. Lesi sinyalithi bese ihamba ngama-atria iye e-atrioventricular (AV) node bese idlula emakhameni angaphansi, ibangele ukuba aqinise futhi apompe igazi.

I-Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile. Kwenzeka lapho ukungasebenzi kahle kokuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo kagesi enhliziyweni kuqalisa uchungechunge lwezimpukuthe eziqala emakhameni aphezulu enhliziyo.

Ukuqonda imbangela ye-supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), kungasiza ukwazi ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani ngokuvamile.

Inhliziyo inamakamelo amane:

• Amakamelo amabili aphezulu abizwa ngama-atria.
• Amakamelo amabili angaphansi abizwa ngama-ventricles.

Ngaphakathi ekamelweni eliphezulu lasekunene lenhliziyo kukhona iqembu lamakhemikhali elibizwa nge-sinus node. I-sinus node yenza izimpawu eziqala ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngalinye.

Izimpawu zihamba ngamakhame aphezulu enhliziyo. Khona-ke izimpawu zifika eqenjini lamakhemikhali elibizwa nge-AV node, lapho ngokuvamile zihamba kancane khona. Izimpawu bese ziya emakhameni angaphansi enhliziyo.

Enhliziyweni enempilo, le nqubo yokunikeza imiyalezo yenhliziyo ngokuvamile iya kahle. Inhliziyo ngokuvamile ishaya izikhathi ezingaba ngu-60 kuya ku-100 ngomzuzu ngokuphumula. Kepha ku-SVT, inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kunesikhathi esingu-100 ngomzuzu. Inhliziyo ingashaya izikhathi ezingama-150 kuya ku-220 ngomzuzu.

I-Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu lwe-arrhythmia kubasanda kuzalwa nakubantwana. Iphinde ibe khona kakhulu kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.\n\Izimo zezempilo noma ukwelashwa okungandisa ingozi ye-supraventricular tachycardia kufaka phakathi:\n\n- I-Coronary artery disease, isifo se-valve yentliziyo nezinye izifo zentliziyo.\n- Ukwehluleka kwentliziyo.\n- Inkinga yentliziyo ekhona ekuzalweni, ebizwa nangokuthi i-congenital heart defect.\n- Ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo kwangaphambili.\n- Isifo sokulala esibizwa ngokuthi i-obstructive sleep apnea.\n- Isifo se-thyroid.\n- I-diabetes engalawulwa.\n- Imithi ethile, kufaka phakathi leyo esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-asthma, i-allergies nezikhulu.\n\Ezinye izinto ezingandisa ingozi ye-SVT zifaka phakathi:\n\n- Ukuqina kwengqondo.\n- I-caffeine eningi kakhulu.\n- Ukusetshenziswa okweqile kwe-alchoholi, okuchazwe njengokuphuza okungaphezu kwezi-14 ngesonto kumadoda nokuphuza okungaphezu kwezi-7 ngesonto kwabesifazane.\n- Ukubhema nokusetshenziswa kwe-nicotine.\n- Izidakamizwa ezishukumisayo, kufaka phakathi i-cocaine ne-methamphetamine.

Uma inhliziyo iqhakazile kakhulu, ingase ingathumeli igazi elanele emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana nezicubu zingase zingatholanga oksijini elanele.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlaselwa okuqhubekayo nokungaphathwa kwe-supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) kungase kuqede amandla enhliziyo futhi kuhole ekwehlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi eqinisile kubantu abanezinye izimo zezokwelapha.

Ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwe-SVT kungabangela ukuphelelwa yizinzwa noma ukulahlekelwa ngokuzumayo kwemisebenzi yonke yenhliziyo, okuthiwa yi-sudden cardiac arrest.

Ukushintsha okufanayo kokuphila okusetshenziswa ukulawula i-supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) kungasiza nokukuvimbela. Zama lezi zeluleko.

• Phila impilo enempilo yentliziyo. Dla ukudla okunomsoco, ungabhemi, uthole umthambo ojwayelekile futhi ulawule ukucindezeleka.
• Ungasebenzisi ikhofi eliningi. Gwema ukusebenzisa ikhofi eliningi. Kubantu abaningi abane-supraventricular tachycardia, ukusetshenziswa kwekhofi okulinganiselwe akuqali izigameko ze-SVT.
• Sebenzisa imithi ngokucophelela. Eminye imithi, kufaka phakathi leyo ethengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi, ingaba nezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo ezingaqala i-SVT.

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga i-supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) zingafaka:

• Izivivinyo zegazi. Kuthathwa isampula legazi ukuhlola ezinye izimbangela zokubetha okusheshayo kwenhliziyo, njengokugula kwe-thyroid.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG). Lo mvivinyo osheshayo uhlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Ama-patch amanamathelayo, abizwa ngama-electrodes, anqunywe esifubeni futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezandleni noma ezinyaweni. I-ECG ibonisa ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kangakanani noma kancane kangakanani. Amanye amadivayisi siqu, anjengama-smartwatches, angenza ama-ECG. Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa uma lokhu kuyinketho kuwe.
• I-Holter monitor. Le divayisi ephathekayo ye-ECG igqokwe izinsuku eziyi-1 kuya kwezi-2 ukuqopha umsebenzi wenhliziyo ngesikhathi semisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ingabona ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okungatholakali ngesikhathi se-ECG ejwayelekile.
• I-Event recorder. Le divayisi ifana ne-Holter monitor, kodwa iqopha kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile imizuzu embalwa ngesikhathi. Ngokuvamile igqokwe izinsuku ezimalunga nama-30. Ngokuvamile ucindezela inkinobho lapho uzizwa unezimpawu. Amanye amadivayisi aqopha ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile kwenzeka.
• I-Implantable loop recorder. Le divayisi iqopha ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokuqhubekayo iminyaka engu-3. Ibiziwa nangokuthi i-cardiac event recorder. Ibonisa ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya kanjani ngesikhathi semisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• I-Echocardiogram. Amaza omsindo asebenza ukudala izithombe zenhliziyo eshaya. Lo mvivinyo ubonisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ngenhliziyo nangama-valve enhliziyo.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezingenziwa ukuxilonga i-SVT zifaka:

• Uvivinyo lokucindezela komzimba. Ukuzivocavoca kungase kubangele noma kubangele ukwanda kwe-supraventricular tachycardia. Ngesikhathi sovivinyo lokucindezela, ngokuvamile uzivocavoca kwi-treadmill noma ibhayisikili elimi lapho umsebenzi wenhliziyo uhlolwa khona. Uma ungakwazi ukuzivocavoca, ungase unikezwe imithi ekhuphula izinga lokuphakama kwenhliziyo njengoba kwenza ukuzivocavoca. Ngezinye izikhathi i-echocardiogram yenziwa ngesikhathi sovivinyo lokucindezela.
• Isifundo se-Electrophysiological (EP). Lo mvivinyo ukusiza ukubonisa ukuthi izibonakaliso ezingalungile zenhliziyo ziqala kuphi enhliziyweni. Isifundo se-EP sivame ukusetshenziswa ukuxilonga ezinye izinhlobo ezithile ze-tachycardias nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.

Ngesikhathi salo mvivinyo, udokotela uqondisa i-tube noma ngaphezulu ezinwebeka ngomthamo wegazi, ngokuvamile emadolweni, ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zenhliziyo. Izinzwa eziphepheni ze-tube ziqopha izibonakaliso zombane zenhliziyo.

Isifundo se-Electrophysiological (EP). Lo mvivinyo ukusiza ukubonisa ukuthi izibonakaliso ezingalungile zenhliziyo ziqala kuphi enhliziyweni. Isifundo se-EP sivame ukusetshenziswa ukuxilonga ezinye izinhlobo ezithile ze-tachycardias nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.

Ngesikhathi salo mvivinyo, udokotela uqondisa i-tube noma ngaphezulu ezinwebeka ngomthamo wegazi, ngokuvamile emadolweni, ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zenhliziyo. Izinzwa eziphepheni ze-tube ziqopha izibonakaliso zombane zenhliziyo.