Ubuhlungu

Ubuhlungu (TB) luyisifo esinzima esihlaselela ikakhulukazi amaphaphu. Amabhaktheriya abangela ubuhlungu luhlobo lwebhaktheriya.

Ubuhlungu bungasakazeka lapho umuntu onesifo ekhwehlela, ekhanyela noma ecula. Lokhu kungafaka amaconsi amancane anamabhaktheriya emoyeni. Omunye umuntu angase athathe la maconsi, futhi amabhaktheriya angene emaphaphwini.

Ubuhlungu busakazeka kalula lapho abantu bebuthene khona noma lapho abantu behlala ezindaweni ezikhukhumele. Abantu abane-HIV / AIDS nabanye abantu abanasistimu yokuvikela umzimba ebuthakathaka banengozi enkulu yokubamba ubuhlungu kunabantu abanasistimu yokuvikela umzimba evamile.

Imithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-antibiotics ingaphatha ubuhlungu. Kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zebhaktheriya azisaphenduli kahle ekwelapheni.

Uma i-germ ye-tuberculosis (TB) iphila futhi iphindaphinda emaphaphwini, kubizwa ngokuthi ukutheleleka kwe-TB. Ukutheleleka kwe-TB kungaba ezinyathelweni ezintathu. Izimpawu zihlukile kuzo zonke izigaba.

Ukutheleleka kwe-TB okuyinhloko. Isigaba sokuqala sibizwa ngokuthi ukutheleleka okuyinhloko. Amasosha omzimba athola futhi abambe ama-germ. Isistimu yomzimba ingabhubhisa ngokuphelele ama-germ. Kodwa amanye ama-germ abambekiwe angase aqhubeke ephila futhi aphindaphinda.

Abantu abaningi abanazo izimpawu ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okuyinhloko. Abanye abantu bangaba nezimpawu ezifana ne-influenza, ezifana nalezi:

• Ukushisa okuncane.
• Ukukhathala.
• Ukukhokha.

Ukutheleleka kwe-TB okungasebenzi. Ukutheleleka okuyinhloko kuvame ukulandelwa yisigaba esibizwa ngokuthi ukutheleleka kwe-TB okungasebenzi. Amasosha omzimba akha udonga oluzungezile inyama ye-lung enama-germ e-TB. Ama-germ awakwazi ukwenza lutho uma uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba luwagcina elawulwa. Kodwa ama-germ aqhubeka ephila. Azikho izimpawu ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwe-TB okungasebenzi.

Isifo se-TB esisebenzayo. Isifo se-TB esisebenzayo siyenzeka uma uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba lungakwazi ukulawula ukutheleleka. Ama-germ abangela isifo kuwo wonke amaphaphu noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Isifo se-TB esisebenzayo singase senzeke ngemuva nje kokutheleleka okuyinhloko. Kodwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinyanga noma iminyaka yokutheleleka kwe-TB okungasebenzi.

Izimpawu zesifo se-TB esisebenzayo emaphaphwini ngokuvamile ziqala kancane kancane futhi zibe zimbi ngezinsuku ezimbalwa. Zingafaka:

• Ukukhokha.
• Ukukhokha igazi noma ukhukhu.
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni.
• Ubuhlungu ngokuphefumula noma ukukhokha.
• Ukushisa.
• Ukuthandaza.
• Ukushisa ebusuku.
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo.
• Ukungafuni ukudla.
• Ukukhathala.
• Ukungazizwa kahle ngokujwayelekile.

Isifo se-TB esisebenzayo ngaphandle kwamaphaphu. Ukutheleleka kwe-TB kungasakazeka emaphaphwini kuya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-tuberculosis ye-extrapulmonary. Izimpawu ziyahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ethelelekile. Izimpawu ezivamile zingafaka:

• Ukushisa.
• Ukuthandaza.
• Ukushisa ebusuku.
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo.
• Ukungafuni ukudla.
• Ukukhathala.
• Ukungazizwa kahle ngokujwayelekile.
• Ubuhlungu eduze kwendawo yokutheleleka.

Isifo se-TB esisebenzayo ebhokisini lezwi siphakathi kwamaphaphu, kodwa sinezimpawu ezifana nesifo emaphaphwini.

Izindawo ezivamile zesifo se-TB esisebenzayo ngaphandle kwamaphaphu zifaka:

• Izinkulungwane.
• Isibindi.
• Umanzi oluzungezile ubuchopho nomgogodla.
• Imisipha yenhliziyo.
• Izitho zangasese.
• Ama-lymph nodes.
• Amathambo nezinhlangothi.
• Isikhumba.
• Izindonga zezithelo zegazi.
• Ibhokisi lezwi, elibizwa nangokuthi i-larynx.

Isifo se-TB esisebenzayo kubantwana. Izimpawu zesifo se-TB esisebenzayo kubantwana ziyahluka. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ngokweminyaka zingafaka okulandelayo:

• Intsha. Izimpawu zifana nezimpawu zabantu abadala.
• Abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-1 kuya ku-12. Abantwana abancinyane bangaba nokushisa okungapheli nokulahlekelwa isisindo.
• Izingane. Ingane ayikhuliswa noma ayitholi isisindo njengoba kulindelekile. Futhi, ingane ingaba nezimpawu ezivela ekukhuleni kwamanzi oluzungezile ubuchopho noma umgogodla, kufaka phakathi:
  • Ukuba buthakathaka noma ukungasebenzi.
  • Ukukhathazeka okungavamile.
  • Ukugabha.
  • Ukudla okubi.
  • Indawo ebomvu elikhulu ekhanda.
  • Ukungabi namandla okubonakalayo.

Izimpawu zotshwala zifana nezimpawu zezinye izifo eziningi. Bheka uhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma unezimpawu ezingaphuli ngemihla embalwa yokuphumula.

Thola ukunakekelwa okuphaphandayo uma une:

• Ubuhlungu esifubeni.
• Isihloko esibuhlungu ngokuzumayo nesinamandla.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ubunzima bokuqeda.

Ubuhlungu be-TB bubangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Abantu abane-TB esebenzayo emaphashini noma ebhokisini lelizwi bangasakaza le ndlela. Bakhipha amaconsi amancane athatha ibhaktheriya emoyeni. Lokhu kungenzeka uma bekhuluma, becula, behleka, bekhotha noma bekhwehlela. Umuntu angathola ukutheleleka ngemuva kokuphefumula la maconsi.

Le ndlela ilula kakhulu ukusakazeka uma abantu bechitha isikhathi eside ndawonye endaweni yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke le ndlela isakazeka kalula ezindaweni lapho abantu bahlala khona noma basebenza ndawonye isikhathi eside. Futhi, le ndlela isakazeka kalula emihlanganweni ehlanganiswe ngabantu abaningi.

Umuntu onokutheleleka kwe-TB okungasebenzi akakwazi ukudlulisa le ndlela kwabanye abantu. Umuntu othatha izidakamizwa zokwelapha i-TB esebenzayo ngokuvamile akakwazi ukudlulisa le ndlela ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2 kuya kwamathathu okwelashwa.

Noma yini ingathola ubuhlungu, kepha izici ezithile zikhuphula ingozi yokuthola ukutheleleka. Ezinye izici zikhuphula ingozi yokuthi ukutheleleka kube yisifo se-TB esisebenzayo.

Iziko lokuLawula nokuVimbela izifo liphakamisa ukuhlolwa kwe-TB kubantu abanobungozi obukhulu bokuthola ukutheleleka kwe-TB noma isifo se-TB esisebenzayo. Xoxa nodokotela wakho uma unye noma ngaphezulu kwezici ezingozi ezilandelayo.

Uma uvivinywe waze waba ngowokuqala ngokutheleleka kwe-TB efihliwe, kungase kudingeke uthathe imithi ukuvimbela isifo se-TB esisebenzayo.

Ukuthola isifo sohudo (TB), umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuhlanganisa:

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzo-oda izivivinyo uma:

Umhlinzeki wakho uzonquma ukuthi uvavanyo lwesi khumba noma uvavanyo lwegazi luyindlela engcono kakhulu.

Inani elincane lesigaxa esibizwa ngokuthi i-tuberculin liyashaya phansi kwesikhumba ngaphakathi kwesandla esisodwa. Phakathi kwamahora angu-48 kuya kwangu-72, umsebenzi wezempilo uzohlola ingalo yakho ukuze ubone ukuvuvukala endaweni yokuchaya. Usayizi wesikhumba esiphakanyisiwe uyasetshenziswa ukuze kunqunywe ukuhlolwa okuhle noma okubi.

Lo mvivinyo ubona ukuthi i-immune system yakho iphendula, noma yenze i-antibody, ku-tuberculosis. Ukuhlolwa okuhle kubonisa ukuthi cishe une-TB infection efihliwe noma isifo se-TB esisebenzayo. Abantu ababeye baba ne-TB vaccination bangathola ukuhlolwa okuhle ngisho noma bengenasifo.

Ukuhlolwa okubi kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho awuphendulanga kulo mvivinyo. Akusho ukuthi awunasifo.

I-sample legazi ithunyelwa elabhoratri. Omunye umvivinyo we-lab uthola ukuthi ngabe amaseli athile e-immune system anga "qaphela" i-tuberculosis. Ukuhlolwa okuhle kubonisa ukuthi une-TB infection efihliwe noma isifo se-TB esisebenzayo. Ezinye izivivinyo zesampula legazi zingasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi une-active disease.

Umphumela omubi usho ukuthi cishe awunasifo se-TB.

I-X-ray yesifuba ingabonisa ama-patches angajwayelekile emaphashini afana nesifo se-TB esisebenzayo.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angathatha i-sample ye-mucus evela uma ukhwehlela, ebizwa nangokuthi i-sputum. Uma une-TB disease esebenzayo emaphashini akho noma ebhokisini lezwi, izivivinyo ze-lab zingabona ibhaktheriya.

Uvivinyo lwe-laboratory olukhulu olukhulu lungatshela uma i-sputum cishe inebhaktheriya ye-TB. Kodwa kungase kubonise ibhaktheriya enezici ezifanayo.

Omunye umvivinyo we-lab ungaqinisekisa ukuba khona kwe-TB bacteria. Imiphumela ivame ukuthatha amasonto ambalwa. Uvivinyo lwe-lab lungatshela nokuthi iyindlela yokwelapha ebambe iqhaza le-bacteria. Lolu lwazi lusiza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuba akhethe ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu.

Ezinye izivivinyo ze-lab ezingase zi-odwe zihlanganisa:

• Ukulalela u kuphefumula nge-stethoscope.

• Ukubheka ama-lymph nodes avuvukile.

• Ukukubuza imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zakho.

• Kuhlolwa ubukhulu bohudo.

• Cishe ukhombiswe umuntu onesifo sohudo (TB) esisebenzayo.

• Unezingozi zezempilo zesifo se-TB esisebenzayo.

• Uvivinyo lokuphuma komoya.

• Inkqubo yokususa i-sputum emaphashini akho ngompompi okhethekile.

• Uvivinyo lwesisu.

• Uvivinyo lwengxube ezungezile umgogodla nobuchopho, ebizwa ngokuthi i-cerebrospinal fluid.

Uma uba une-TB engabonakali, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase aqhubeke nokuphatha imithi. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-HIV / AIDS noma ezinye izinto ezikhuphula ingozi yesifo se-TB esebenzayo. Ukulimala okungabonakali kwe-TB kunakekelwa izinyanga ezintathu noma ezine.

I-TB esebenzayo ingase iphelelwe izinyanga ezine, eziyisithupha noma eziyisishiyagalolunye. Ochwepheshe ekwelapheni i-TB bazokunquma ukuthi yimiphi imithi engcono kuwe.

Uzoba nemihlangano njalo ukuze ubone ukuthi uthuthuka yini nokuqapha imiphumela emibi.

Kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke i-dose njengoba kunconywe. Futhi kufanele uqedele inkambo ephelele yokwelashwa. Lokhu kubalulekile ekubulaleni ibhaktheriya emzimbeni wakho nokuvimbela ibhaktheriya entsha engalwi nemithi.

Unyango lwakho lwezempilo lwezwe lungase lisebenzise uhlelo oluthiwa yi-directly observed therapy (DOT). Ngokwelashwa okuqondiswe ngqo (DOT), umsebenzi wezempilo uyakuvakashela ekhaya ukuze akuqaphele uthatha i-dose yakho yemithi.

Ezinye izigaba zezempilo zinezinhlelo ezikuvumela ukuthi uthathe imithi yakho wedwa. AmaZiko Okulawula Izifo nokuvimbela anefomu ezingaprintiwe ongayisebenzisa ukuze ugcine umbhalo we-dose yakho yansuku zonke.

Uma une-TB engabonakali, ungase udinga ukuthatha uhlobo olulodwa noma amabili wemithi. I-TB esebenzayo idinga ukuthatha imithi eminingi. Imithi evamile esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-tuberculosis ihlanganisa:

Ungase ubekelwe imithi enye uma une-tuberculosis engalwi nemithi noma ezinye izinkinga ezivela ekuguleni kwakho.

Abantu abaningi bangayithatha imithi ye-TB ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi enzima. Uma unemiphumela emibi enzima, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela angase akucele ukuba uyeke ukuthatha imithi. Ungase ube nesidingo sokuchuba i-dose yemithi.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiluphi lolu:

Kubalulekile kuwe ukubala yonke imithi, izithasiselo zokudla noma izidakamizwa zemvelo ozithathayo. Ungase udinga ukuyeka ukuthatha ezinye zalezi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho.

• Isoniazid.

• Rifampin (Rimactane).

• Rifabutin (Mycobutin).

• Rifapentine (Priftin).

• Pyrazinamide.

• Ethambutol (Myambutol).

• Isisu esiphazamisekile.

• Ukugabha.

• Ukwehluleka kokudla.

• Ukuhlanza okunzima.

• Ukuphuma kwesisu okukhanyayo.

• Umchamo omnyama.

• Isikhumba noma umbala wamehlo oluhlaza okwesundu.

• Ukushintsha kokubona.

• Ukukhungatheka noma inkinga yokulinganisela.

• Ukukhahlela ezandleni noma ezinyaweni.

• Ukukhuluphala kalula noma ukuphuza igazi.

• Ukwehluleka kokukhuluphala okungachazeki.

• Ukukhathala okungachazeki.

• Usizi noma ukucindezeleka.

• I-Rash.

• Ubuhlungu bejoyinti.