I-Type 2 Shukela

I-2 diabetes iwumqondo ovela ngenxa yengxaki endleleni umzimba ulawula futhi usebenzisa ngayo ushukela njengamandla. Loshukela lubizwa nangokuthi i-glucose. Lokhu kuqondana kwesikhathi eside kuholela ekubeni ushukela omningi uqhubeke ugijima egazini. Ekugcineni, amazinga aphezulu eshukela egazini angabangela ukuphazamiseka kwezinhlelo zokujikeleza, izinzwa kanye nezimbongolo.

Kwi-type 2 diabetes, kunezinkinga ezimbili ikakhulu. I-pancreas ayikhi i-insulin eyanele — uhormone olawula ukuhamba kweshukela kuyaselula. Futhi amangqamuzana aphendula kabi kwi-insulin futhi athathe ushukela omncane.

I-type 2 diabetes yayaziwa ngokuthi yi-diabetes yabantu abadala, kodwa bobabili i-type 1 ne-type 2 diabetes zingaqala ebuntwaneni nasebudaleni. I-type 2 ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Kodwa ukwanda kwenani lezingane ezinobukhulu bomzimba kuholele ezimweni eziningi ze-type 2 diabetes kubantu abasebancane.

Ayikho imithi ye-type 2 diabetes. Ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukudla kahle nokuzivocavoca kungasiza ekulawuleni lesi sifo. Uma ukudla nokuzivocavoca kunganelanga ukulawula ushukela egazini, imithi ye-diabetes noma ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kungase kunconywe.

Izimpawu zohlobo lwesibili lweswekile zivame ukuqala kancane. Eqinisweni, ungaphila iminyaka nohlobo lwesibili lweswekile ungalwazi. Uma izimpawu zikhona, zingafaka: Ukomelela okukhulu. Ukufika njalo ephusheni. Ukulangazelela ukudla okukhulu. Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungahloseki. Ukukhathala. Ukubona okuphazamisekile. Izihlazo eziphulukisayo kancane. Ukutheleleka okuvamile. Ukungabi namqondo noma ukukhahlela ezandleni noma ezinyaweni. Izindawo zesikhumba esimnyama, ngokuvamile ezingalweni nasezinweleni. Bheka udokotela wakho uma ubona noma iyiphi impango yohlobo lwesibili lweswekile.

Bona uhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma ubona noma iyiphi imimonyo yokusabela kweswekile uhlobo 2.

I-type 2 diabetes ikakhulu iwumphumela wezinkinga ezimbili: Amashejuli emithanjeni, amanoni, ne-liver aba namandla okuphikisana ne-insulin Ngenxa yalokho, amasseli awathathi ushukela olukhulu. I-pancreas ayikwazi ukwenza i-insulin eyanele ukugcina amazinga okusanhlamvu legazi kubheke emazingeni aphilile. Akukaziwa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani. Ukukhuluphala nokungasebenzi kuyizimbangi eziyinhloko. I-insulin iwuhormoni oluvela kwi-pancreas - umthambo oqhele ngemuva nangaphansi kwesisu. I-insulin ilawula indlela umzimba osebenzisa ngayo ushukela ngalezi zindlela: Ukusanhlamvu kwegazi kubangela i-pancreas ukuba ikhiphe i-insulin. I-insulin ihamba egazini, ivumela ushukela ukuba ungene emashejuli. Inani loshukela egazini liyancipha. Ngenxa yale ncipheko, i-pancreas ikhipha i-insulin encane. I-Glucose - ushukela - iyisithombo esiyinhloko samandla emashejuli enza imisipha namanye amafutha. Ukusetshenziswa nokuphathwa kwe-glucose kufaka okulandelayo: I-Glucose ivela emithonjeni emikhulu emibili: ukudla ne-liver. I-Glucose ithathwa egazini, lapho ingena emashejuli ngosizo lwe-insulin. I-liver igcina futhi yenza i-glucose. Uma amazinga e-glucose ephansi, i-liver iphula i-glycogen egcinwe ibe yi-glucose ukuze igcine amazinga e-glucose omzimba kubheke emazingeni aphilile. Ku-type 2 diabetes, le nqubo ayisebenzi kahle. Esikhundleni sokudlulela emashejuli, ushukela uyakha egazini. Njengoba amazinga okusanhlamvu legazi ekhuphuka, i-pancreas ikhipha i-insulin eyengeziwe. Ekugcineni amasseli e-pancreas enza i-insulin abonakala futhi angakwazi ukwenza i-insulin eyanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomzimba.

Izimbangi ezingase zikhulise ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina. Ukuba ngumuntu onesisindo esingaphezulu noma onesisindo esikhulu kuyingozi enkulu.
• Ukwahlukaniswa kwamafutha. Ukugcina amafutha ikakhulukazi esiswini — kunokuba ezinqeni nasemadolweni — kubonisa ingozi enkulu. Ingozi yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 iphakeme kubantu besilisa abanobungqongqo besisu obungaphezu kwama-intshi angu-40 (amasentimitha angu-101.6) nakwabantu besifazane abanobungqongqo besisu obungaphezu kwama-intshi angu-35 (amasentimitha angu-88.9).
• Ukungaqhubi. Lapho umuntu engaqhubi, ingozi iyanda. Ukuqhubana komzimba kusiza ukulawula isisindo, kusebenzisa i-glucose njengamandla futhi kwenza amaseli abe nomuzwa omkhulu we-insulin.
• Umlando womndeni. Ingozi yomuntu yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 iyanda uma umzali noma umfowabo noma udadewabo enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
• Uhlanga nobuzwe. Nakuba kungacaci ukuthi kungani, abantu bazo zonke izizwe nezizwe — kuhlanganise nabantu abamnyama, abantu baseHispanic, abantu baseMelika abangabantu bakwamanye amazwe nabantu baseAsia, nabantu basePacific Islands — banesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kunabantu abamhlophe.
• Amazinga e-lipid egazini. Ingozi enkulu ihlotshaniswa namazinga aphansi e-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol — i-cholesterol "enhle" — namazinga aphezulu e-triglycerides.
• Iminyaka. Ingozi yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 iyanda ngokwanda kweminyaka, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-35.
• Isifo sikashukela esingaphambi kwesikhathi. Isifo sikashukela esingaphambi kwesikhathi yisimo lapho izinga lokushukela egazini liphezulu kunokujwayelekile, kodwa alinakho ukuphakama okwanele ukuba sicatshangelwe njengesifo sikashukela. Uma singaphathwa, isifo sikashukela esingaphambi kwesikhathi sivame ukuqhubekela esifweni sikashukela sohlobo 2.
• Izingozi ezihlobene nokukhulelwa. Ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 iphakeme kubantu ababe nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa lapho bekhulelwe futhi kulabo abazalile ingane enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-4 (ama-pounds angu-9).
• I-Polycystic ovary syndrome. Ukuba ne-polycystic ovary syndrome — isimo esiphawulwa yizikhathi ezingajwayelekile zenyanga, ukukhula okukhulu kwezinwele nobukhulu — kukhuphula ingozi yesifo sikashukela.

I-2 yesifobefu elithinta amalungu omzimba amaningi abalulekile, kuhlanganise nenhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, izicubu, amehlo kanye namakilogrethi. Futhi, izinto ezikhuphula ingozi yesifo sikashukela zingazona nezinto ezikhuphula ingozi yezinye izifo ezinkulu. Ukuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela nokulawula ushukela egazini kunganciphisa ingozi yalezi zinkinga nezinye izimo zezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa: Isifo senhliziyo nezimbobo zegazi. I-Diabetes ihlotshaniswa nengozi eyenyuke isifo senhliziyo, isifo sokuqhaqhazela, ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu nokuncipha kwemithambo yegazi, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis. Ukwenzakala kwezinzwa ezingalweni. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-neuropathy. Ishukela eliphezulu legazi isikhathi eside lingalimaza noma libhubhise izicubu. Lokho kungabangela ukukhahlela, ukungabi namqondo, ukushisa, ubuhlungu noma ukulahlekelwa komuzwa okugcina okuqala ezipheleni zezinzwane noma eminweni bese kusakazeka kancane kancane phezulu. Ukwenzakala kwezinye izicubu. Ukwenzakala kwezinzwa zenhliziyo kungase kube nomthelela ekungalingani komjikelezo wenhliziyo. Ukwenzakala kwezinzwa ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla kungabangela izinkinga ngokuphefumula, ukugabha, isifo sohudo noma i-constipation. Ukwenzakala kwezinzwa kungabangela futhi ukungasebenzi kahle kokuzala. Isifo sama-kidney. I-Diabetes ingabangela isifo sama-kidney esingapheli noma isifo sama-kidney esiphelile esingenakulungiswa. Lokho kungadinga i-dialysis noma ukutshalwa kwamakilogrethi. Ukwenzakala kwamehlo. I-Diabetes ikhuphula ingozi yezifo ezinkulu zamehlo, njenge-cataracts ne-glaucoma, futhi ingalimaza imithambo yegazi yenetha, okungabangela ubuthakathaka.Isimo sesikhumba. I-Diabetes ingakhuphula ingozi yezinye izinkinga zesikhumba, okuhlanganisa ukutheleleka ngamabhaktheriya nama-fungi. Ukuphulukiswa kancane. Uma kushiywa kungaphathwa, ukugqwala nokukhahlela kungaba ukutheleleka okukhulu, okungase kuphulukiswe kabi. Ukonakala okukhulu kungadinga ukunqunywa kweminwe, unyawo noma ulwimi. Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa. Izinkinga zokuzwa zivame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. I-sleep apnea. I-Obstructive sleep apnea ivame kubantu abaphila ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ubukhulu bungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ebangela zombili izimo. Ukuwohloka kwengqondo. I-Type 2 yesifo sikashukela ibonakala ikhuphula ingozi yesifo sika-Alzheimer nezinye izifo ezibangela ukuwohloka kwengqondo. Ukulawulwa okubi kweshukela egazini kuhlotshaniswa nokuwohloka okusheshayo kokukhumbula nezinye amakhono okucabanga.

Ukukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo kungasiza ekunqobeni i-type 2 diabetes. Uma uke wabhekwa njengonabuphithiphithi be-prediabetes, ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kungase kwandise noma kuyeke ukwanda kwe-diabetes. Indlela yokuphila enempilo ihlanganisa:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo. Khetha ukudla okunemafutha ambalwa ne-calories futhi okune-fiber eningi. Gxila ezithelo, imifino, nakwizitshalo ezigcwele.
• Ukuhlala usebenza. Hlose imizuzu engu-150 noma ngaphezulu ngesonto lomsebenzi we-aerobic ophakathi nendawo noma onamandla, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukujika ibhayisikili, ukuqhuba noma ukubhukuda.
• Ukulamba isisindo. Uma unesisindo esiningi, ukulahlekelwa yisisindo esincane nokugcina kungase kulibazise ukwanda kwe-prediabetes kuya ku-type 2 diabetes. Uma une-prediabetes, ukulahlekelwa yi-7% kuya ku-10% yesisindo somzimba kungase kunciphisa ingozi ye-diabetes.
• Ukugwema ukungasebenzi isikhathi eside. Ukuhlala uhlala phansi isikhathi eside kungase kwandise ingozi ye-type 2 diabetes. Zama ukuvuka njalo ngemizuzu engu-30 bese uhamba okungenani imizuzu embalwa. Kubantu abaneprediabetes, i-metformin (Fortamet, Glumetza, nabanye), imithi ye-diabetes, ingase ilotshwe ukuze kunciphisa ingozi ye-type 2 diabetes. Lokhu kuvame ukubhalwa kubantu abadala abakhulu abanesisindo esiningi futhi abakwazi ukunciphisa amazinga e-shuga egazini ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila.

I-Diabetes mellitus uhlobo 2 ivame ukuxilongwa usebenzisa i-glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test. Lo viviro lwegazi lubonisa amazinga akho e-glucose egazini phakathi nezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ezedlule. Imiphumela ichazwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Ngaphansi kuka-5.7% kuyinto evamile.
• 5.7% kuya ku-6.4% kuxilongwa njenge-prediabetes.
• 6.5% noma ngaphezulu ekuhlolweni okubili okuhlukile kubonisa i-diabetes.

Uma i-A1C test ayitholakali, noma uma unezimo ezithile eziphazamisa i-A1C test, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase asebenzise lezi zilingo ezilandelayo ukuxilonga i-diabetes:

Uvivinyo lwe-glucose egazini oluzila ukudla. I-sampuli yegazi ithathwa ngemuva kokuba ungadlanga ubusuku bonke. Imiphumela ichazwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Ngaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) kubhekwa njengokuphilile.
• 100 kuya ku-125 mg/dL (5.6 kuya ku-6.9 mmol/L) kuxilongwa njenge-prediabetes.
• 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) noma ngaphezulu ekuhlolweni okubili okuhlukile kuxilongwa njenge-diabetes.

Uvivinyo lokubekezelela i-glucose ngomlomo. Lo viviro alusetshenziswanga njalo njengabanye, ngaphandle kokukhulelwa. Kuzodingeka ungadli isikhathi esithile bese uphuza isiphuzo esinomswakama ehhovisi lomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Amazinga e-glucose egazini bese ekuhlolwa njalo amahora amabili. Imiphumela ichazwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Ngaphansi kuka-140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) ngemuva kwamahora amabili kubhekwa njengokuphilile.
• 140 kuya ku-199 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L no-11.0 mmol/L) kuxilongwa njenge-prediabetes.
• 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kwamahora amabili kusikisela i-diabetes.

Ukuhlola. I-American Diabetes Association iphakamisa ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile ngezilingo zokuxilonga i-diabetes mellitus uhlobo 2 kubo bonke abadala abaneminyaka engama-35 noma ngaphezulu nakuqembu elilandelayo:

• Abantu abaneminyaka engaphansi kuka-35 abanesisindo esingaphezulu noma abakhulu futhi banezici eziningi ezingozi ezihlobene ne-diabetes.
• Abafazi abake baba ne-diabetes ekukhulelweni.
• Abantu abake baxilongwa nge-prediabetes.
• Abantwana abanesisindo esingaphezulu noma abakhulu futhi abanemlando womndeni we-diabetes mellitus uhlobo 2 noma ezinye izici ezingozi.

Uma uxilongwa nge-diabetes, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase enze ezinye izivivinyo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-diabetes mellitus uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 ngoba lezi zimo zivame ukudinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola amazinga e-A1C okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka futhi uma kukhona izinguquko ekwelapheni. Izinjongo ze-A1C eziqondiwe ziyahluka kuye ngobudala nezinye izici. Kubantu abaningi, i-American Diabetes Association iphakamisa amazinga e-A1C angaphansi kuka-7%.

Uphinde uthole izivivinyo zokuhlola izinkinga ze-diabetes nezinye izimo zezokwelapha.