Yini i-Dabigatran: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Dabigatran ngumuthi wokunciphisa igazi osiza ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ayingozi emzimbeni wakho. Yilokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "i-anticoagulant eqondile yomlomo" - okuyindlela yesimanje esikhundleni se-warfarin endala yokunciphisa igazi engadingi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqhubekayo.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-dabigatran ngegama layo lomkhiqizo elithi Pradaxa. Lo muthi usebenza ngokuvimba iphrotheni ethile egazini lakho esiza ukwakheka kwamahlule, unikeze umzimba wakho indlela enobumnene yokuhlala uvikelekile esitrokini nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene namahlule.

Yini i-Dabigatran Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Dabigatran ikusiza ukuthi uzivikele ezinkingeni ezingathi sína ezibangelwa ngamahlule egazi. Udokotela wakho uyikhipha lapho ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa amahlule ayingozi iphakeme kunezingozi zokuphuma igazi emuthini ngokwawo.

Isizathu esivamile sokuthi odokotela bakhiphe i-dabigatran kubantu abane-atrial fibrillation - isimo senhliziyo lapho inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokungajwayelekile. Lapho inhliziyo yakho ingashayi ngesigqi esiqhubekayo, igazi lingase liqoqane futhi lakhe amahlule angase ahambe ebuchosheni bakho futhi abangele isitroko.

Nawa amanye amazwi lapho i-dabigatran isiza khona, ngalinye limele indlela ehlukile amahlule egazi angasongela ngayo impilo yakho:

• I-Atrial fibrillation (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile) - ukuvimbela isitroko
• I-Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) - amahlule egazi emithanjeni yomlenze
• I-Pulmonary embolism - amahlule egazi ahamba emaphashini akho
• Ukuvimbela ngemva kokuhlinzwa kokufakelwa okhalweni noma emadolweni
• Ezinye izimo zamavalvu enhliziyo (ezimweni ezithile)

Ngamunye walawa mazwi udala isimo lapho igazi lakho lingase liqine kalula uma lingafanele. I-Dabigatran isiza ukugcina ibhalansi ecashile umzimba wakho oyidingayo ukuvimbela amahlule ayingozi ngenkathi ivumela ukujiya okujwayelekile ukuze kuphole.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Dabigatran?

I-Dabigatran isebenza ngokuvimba i-thrombin, iphrotheni ebalulekile esiza igazi lakho ukuthi lenze amahlule. Cabanga nge-thrombin njengokuthi "umqashi" endaweni yokwakha - iqondisa izinyathelo zokugcina zokwakheka kwamahlule.

Uma uthatha i-dabigatran, inamathisela ngqo ku-thrombin futhi iyivimbela ekwenzeni umsebenzi wayo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi kwakheke amahlule ayingozi ezindaweni ezinjengenhiziyo yakho, imilenze, noma amaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, umzimba wakho usengakwazi ukwakha amahlule uma uwadinga, njengalapho usika.

Njengoba ama-blood thinners ehamba, i-dabigatran ithathwa njengenaqina eliphakathi nendawo. Ithembeke kakhulu kune-warfarin kodwa isadinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi uma uqala ukuyithatha. Imiphumela ivame ukuhlala cishe amahora angu-12, yingakho abantu abaningi beyithatha kabili ngosuku.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Dabigatran?

Kufanele uthathe i-dabigatran ngendlela eqondile udokotela wakho ayiyalela ngayo, ngokuvamile kabili ngosuku ngaphandle noma ngaphandle kokudla. Amaphilisi kufanele agwinywe wonke ngenkomishi yamanzi egcwele - ungalichobozi, ulihlafune, noma uliwavule.

Ukuthatha i-dabigatran nokudla kungasiza ngempela ukunciphisa isisu esibuhlungu, okuhlangenwe nakho ngabanye abantu. Awudingi ukugwema noma yikuphi ukudla okuthile, kodwa zama ukuyithatha ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo egazini lakho.

Nakhu okwenza ukuthatha i-dabigatran kube lula futhi kuphephe:

• Yithathe ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke (njengasekuseni nakusihlwa)
• Gwinya amaphilisi wonke ngamanzi
• Ungagxumi imithamo noma uphinde uma uphuthelwe
• Gcina amaphilisi ebhodleleni lawo lokuqala ukuze uvikele umswakama
• Ungawagcini ezihlelweni zamaphilisi isikhathi eside

Isimo se-dabigatran esizwelayo kumswakama sisho ukuthi singahlukana uma sivezwe ezimweni ezinomswakama. Yingakho usokhemisi wakho ewagcina ebhodleleni elivaliwe elinephakethe le-desiccant.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Dabigatran?

Isikhathi ozosithatha i-dabigatran sincike ngokuphelele esimweni sakho esiyisisekelo kanye nezinto eziyingozi. Abanye abantu bayayithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, kanti abanye bayayidinga impilo yabo yonke.

Uma uthatha i-dabigatran ngenxa ye-atrial fibrillation, cishe uzoyidinga isikhathi eside ngoba lesi simo ngokuvamile asinyamalali. Ingozi yakho yokushaywa unhlangothi ihlala iphakeme uma nje unezinhliziyo ezingajwayelekile.

Ngenxa yama-clot egazi afana ne-DVT noma i-pulmonary embolism, ukwelashwa kuvame ukuthatha izinyanga ezi-3-6 ekuqaleni. Udokotela wakho uzobe esehlola ukuthi ngabe uyaludinga yini ukwelashwa isikhathi eside ngokusekelwe kulokho okubangele i-clot yakho kanye nengozi yakho yokuthola enye.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu njengokufakelwa i-hip noma i-knee, ungase udinge i-dabigatran amasonto ambalwa kuphela ngenkathi ukuhamba kwakho kubuyela futhi nengozi yakho ye-clot yehla. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzonquma isikhathi esiqondile ngokusekelwe ekuqhubekeleni phambili kokululama kwakho.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezingezinhle ze-Dabigatran?

Njengazo zonke izinciphisi zegazi, umphumela omkhulu we-dabigatran ukwanda kwengozi yokopha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba umuthi okukuvikelayo kuma-clot ayingozi futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi lakho ligqame uma ulidinga.

Abantu abaningi bayayibekezelela i-dabigatran kahle, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela kokubili imiphumela evamile nemibi. Okubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini ejwayelekile nokuthi yini edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.

Imiphumela evamile ongase uyithole ihlanganisa:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu noma isilungulela
• Ukulimala kalula
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane (njengokuphuma kwegazi isikhathi eside emicutshini emincane)
• Isicanucanu
• Isisu esibuhlungu noma ukungagayeki kahle kokudla

Le miphumela evamile ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Ukuthatha i-dabigatran nokudla kungasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi ehlobene nesisu kakhulu.

Nokho, eminye imiphumela emibi ehlobene nokuphuma kwegazi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha, njengoba ingabonisa ukuphuma kwegazi okuyingozi kwangaphakathi:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile noma okuningi okungami
• Igazi emchameni (umbala opinki, obomvu, noma onsundu)
• Izitulo ezimnyama, ezinamathelayo noma igazi elibomvu ngokugqamile emanyathelo emathunjini
• Ukukhwehlela igazi
• Ukuqaqamba kwekhanda okukhulu noma isiyezi
• Ubuthakathaka obungavamile noma ukukhathala
• Ukuphuma kwegazi eliningi ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezinzima, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha noma uye egumbini eliphuthumayo. Lokhu kungase kubonise ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebucayi ingabandakanya ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, izinkinga zesibindi, noma izinkinga zezinso. Nakuba kungavamile, lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma izimpawu ezinjengokuqubuka okukhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuphuzi kwesikhumba kwenzeka.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathwe i-Dabigatran?

I-Dabigatran ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi abantu abanezimo ezandisa ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi noma eziphazamisa indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika.

Akufanele uthathe i-dabigatran uma unezinkinga zokuphuma kwegazi noma yikuphi emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi, ukuhlinzwa kwamuva nokuphuma kwegazi okuqhubekayo, noma noma yisiphi isimo esikwenza uthambekele ekuphumeni kwegazi okungalawuleki.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha badinga ukugwema i-dabigatran ngokuphelele:

• Isifo sezinso esibi noma ukwehluleka kwezinso
• Ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi okusebenzayo
• Ama-valve enhliziyo omshini
• Isifo sesibindi esibi
• Ukungezwani okwaziwayo ne-dabigatran
• Izinkinga ezithile zokuphuma kwegazi

Udokotela wakho uzophinda aqaphele uma unezinkinga eziphakathi nendawo zezinso, umlando wezilonda zesisu, noma uthatha eminye imithi ethinta ukuphuma kwegazi. Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 abukukhiphi ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa kudinga ukuqapha okucophelelayo.

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa kunezinselelo ezikhethekile. I-Dabigatran ingalimaza ingane esakhula, ngakho udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezindlela eziphephile uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Dabigatran

I-Dabigatran itholakala kakhulu ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Pradaxa, elenziwa yi-Boehringer Ingelheim. Lena yinguqulo abantu abaningi abayitholayo lapho udokotela wabo ebabhalele i-dabigatran.

I-Pradaxa iza ngamandla ahlukene (ama-capsules angu-75mg, 110mg, kanye nama-150mg) ukuvumela ukuthi kulungiswe umthamo ngokunembile ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile kanye nokusebenza kwezinso. Ama-capsules aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namhlophe ahlukile aklanyelwe ukuvikela imithi emswakeni.

Izinhlobo ze-generic ze-dabigatran ziya zitholakala emazweni athile, kodwa ukutholakala kuyahlukahluka ngendawo. Umuthi wakho wemithi angakutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezitholakala endaweni yakho nokuthi ngabe ukushintshwa kwe-generic kufanele yini isimo sakho.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Dabigatran

Ezinye izinciphisi zegazi zingasebenza njengezinye izindlela ze-dabigatran, ngasinye sinokuzuzisa kwazo kanye nezinto okufanele zicatshangelwe. Udokotela wakho ukhetha ngokususelwa esimweni sakho sezokwelapha esithile, ukusebenza kwezinso, neminye imithi oyithathayo.

Ezinye izinciphisi zegazi eziqondile zomlomo (ama-DOAC) zisebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-dabigatran kodwa ziqondise izingxenye ezahlukene zenqubo yokujiya kwegazi. Lokhu kufaka i-rivaroxaban (Xarelto), i-apixaban (Eliquis), kanye ne-edoxaban (Savaysa).

Ezinye izindlela zendabuko zifaka i-warfarin (Coumadin), edinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo kodwa esetshenziswe ngokuphepha amashumi eminyaka. I-Heparin kanye ne-low molecular weight heparins zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemtholampilo noma ekwelashweni kwesikhashana.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwalezi zinketho kuncike ezintweni ezinjengokusebenza kwezinso zakho, eminye imithi, izintandokazi zokuphila, nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha. Okusebenza kahle kumuntu oyedwa kungase kungabi kuhle komunye.

Ingabe i-Dabigatran ingcono kune-Warfarin?

I-Dabigatran inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwe-warfarin, kodwa "ngcono" kuncike ezimweni zakho. Kubantu abaningi, i-dabigatran inikeza ukunciphisa igazi okulula nokulindelekile ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlolwa kwegazi njalo.

Ngokungafani ne-warfarin, i-dabigatran ayidingi ukuqapha igazi njalo noma imikhawulo eqinile yokudla. Akudingeki ukhathazeke nge-vitamin K ekudleni okufana nemifino eluhlaza okuthinta ukusebenza kahle komuthi wakho.

I-Dabigatran ivame ukubangela ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane ebuchosheni uma kuqhathaniswa ne-warfarin, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni isifo sohlangothi. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu kwenzeka nge-dabigatran, kungaba inselelo enkulu ukuliguqula ngokushesha.

I-Warfarin isahlala iyindlela enhle kubantu abane-mechanical heart valves, isifo sezinso esibi, noma labo abayisebenzise ngempumelelo iminyaka eminingi. Futhi ibiza kakhulu kune-dabigatran futhi inejenti eliqinile lokuguqula uma kudingeka.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela ukusebenza kwezinso zakho, eminye imithi, izici zokuphila, nezintandokazi zomuntu siqu lapho enquma phakathi kwalezi zinketho. Yomibili imithi iyasebenza uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Dabigatran

Ingabe i-Dabigatran iphephile kubantu abanesifo sezinso?

Ukuphepha kwe-Dabigatran kuncike ekutheni izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani, ngoba izinso zakho ziqeda iningi lomuthi emzimbeni wakho. Abantu abanezinkinga ezinzima zezinso bangavame ukuthatha i-dabigatran ngokulungiswa kwemithamo.

Uma unesifo sezinso esiphakathi nendawo, udokotela wakho cishe uzoqoka umthamo ophansi futhi aqaphe ukusebenza kwezinso zakho ngokucophelela. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanesifo sezinso esibi noma ukwehluleka kwezinso akufanele bathathe i-dabigatran nhlobo.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola ukusebenza kwezinso zakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi ngaphambi kokuqala i-dabigatran futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ngenkathi uyithatha. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi uhlala emazingeni aphephile emzimbeni wakho.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngithathe I-Dabigatran Eningi Ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-dabigatran eningi kunaleyo oyinikiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukuthatha okuningi kwandisa ingozi yakho yokopha okukhulu, okungase kubeke ukuphila engozini.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi ngabe uba nezimpawu - shayela ukuze uthole iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokopha njengokulimala okungavamile, igazi emchameni noma endleni, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, iya egumbini eliphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Letha ibhodlela lakho lemithi nawe ukuze abahlinzeki bezempilo bazi kahle ukuthi ungakanani owathathayo nokuthi nini. Kukhona ukwelashwa okutholakalayo ukusiza ukuguqula imiphumela ye-dabigatran uma kudingeka.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo We-Dabigatran?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-dabigatran, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, kodwa kuphela uma kungaphezu kwamahora angu-6 kuze kube umthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Uma kungaphansi kwamahora angu-6 kuze kube umthamo wakho olandelayo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe ngokuphelele.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe - lokhu kungandisa ngengozi ingozi yakho yokopha. Vele uqhubeke neshejuli yakho yokulinganisa ejwayelekile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke.

Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, cabanga ngokumisa ama-alamu ocingweni noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi wemithamo yansuku zonke kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ungagcini i-dabigatran kubahleli bamaphilisi bamasonto onke ngenxa yokuzwela komswakama.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Dabigatran?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-dabigatran ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungandisa ingozi yakho yokushaywa unhlangothi noma amahlule egazi, ngezinye izikhathi kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi kuphephile nini ukuyeka ngokuya ngesimo sakho esingaphansi kanye nesimo sempilo yakho yamanje. Kwezinye izimo ezinjengokushaya kwenhliziyo, ungase udinge ukwelashwa impilo yakho yonke.

Uma udinga ukuyeka ukuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo zezokwelapha, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile mayelana nesikhathi. Bangase banikeze enye indlela yesikhashana noma balungise isikhathi senqubo yakho.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Dabigatran?

Ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela kuvamile ukwamukeleka ngenkathi uthatha i-dabigatran, kodwa ukuphuza ngokweqile kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yokopha. Utshwala bungakhuphula nemiphumela yemithi futhi kwenze imiphumela emibi ibe maningi.

Namathisela ekuphuzeni okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane noma iziphuzo ezimbili ngosuku kwabesilisa, futhi gwema ukuphuza ngokweqile ngokuphelele. Uma unomlando wezinkinga zotshwala, xoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho.

Qaphela ikakhulukazi ngotshwala uma uthatha eminye imithi engakhuphula ingozi yokopha noma uma unezinkinga zesibindi. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza isiqondiso esiqondene nawe esisekelwe esithombeni sakho esiphelele sezokwelapha.