Efavirenz (indlela yokumathisa ngomlomo)
Imikhiqizo etholakalayo
Sustiva
Mayelana naleli khambi
I-Efavirenz isetshenziswa ndawonye nezinye izidakamizwa ukuze ikwelase ukutheleleka yi-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). I-HIV iwumkhuhlane obangela i-acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Lolu lwemi luwongephi ukutheleleka yi-HIV noma i-AIDS. Isebenza ngokunciphisa inani le-HIV egazini futhi isize isimiso somzimba. Lokhu kungasiza ukulibazisa ezinye zezimo zezokwelapha ezivame ukuphuma yi-AIDS noma isifo se-HIV. Akuyikukuvimbela ekusakazeni i-HIV kwabanye abantu. Lolu lwemi lutholakala kuphela ngomyalelo wochwepheshe wezokwelapha. Lo mkhiqizo utholakala ngezindlela zokulinganisa ezilandelayo:
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa leli khambi
Ekwahluleni kokusebenzisa imithi, izingozi zokuthatha imithi kufanele ziqhathaniswe nezinzuzo ezizoletha. Lo ngumqululo owenzayo wena nodokotela wakho. Kule mithi, okulandelayo kufanele kucabangelwe: Tshela udokotela wakho uma uke waba nanoma yiluphi uhlobo oluqakathekile noma oluhambisana nokwaleka kule mithi noma kunoma iyiphi enye imithi. Tshela futhi ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo uma unanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwezifo ezingalandeli, njengokudla, izidakamizwa, izigcini, noma izilwane. Ngomkhiqizo ongenalo iresiphi, funda ilebula noma izithako zephakheji ngokucophelela. Izifundo ezifanele azikwenzelwanga ubudlelwano bobudala nemiphumela ye-efavirenz kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-3 ubudala noma abayisindo elingaphansi kwama-3.5 kilograms (kg). Ukuphepha nokuphumelela akukaqiniswa. Izifundo ezifanele ezenziwe kuze kube manje azibonisi izinkinga ezikhethekile zabantu abadala ezingakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwe-efavirenz kubantu abadala. Noma kunjalo, abantu abadala banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga ezihlobene nobudala zezinso, isibindi, noma inhliziyo, okungadinga ukuqapha nokulungiswa komthamo kubantu abamukela i-efavirenz. Ayikho izifundo ezifanele kwabesifazane zokunquma ingozi yengane uma usebenzisa le mithi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. Linganisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona nezingozi ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuthatha le mithi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. Nakuba ezinye izidakamizwa kufanele zingasetshenziswa ndawonye nhlobo, kwezinye izimo izidakamizwa ezimbili ezahlukene zingasetshenziswa ndawonye ngisho noma kungenzeka ukuhlangana. Kulezi zimo, udokotela wakho angafuna ukushintsha umthamo, noma ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha zingadingeka. Uma uthatha le mithi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo bazi uma uthatha noma iyiphi imithi ehlaliswe ngezansi. Ukuhlangana okulandelayo kukhethwe ngokusekelwe ekubalulekeni kwabo okungenzeka futhi akuyona yonke into. Ukusebenzisa le mithi nanoma iyiphi imithi elandelayo ayinconywa. Udokotela wakho anganquma ukungakwelaphi ngale mithi noma ashintshe ezinye izidakamizwa ozithathayo. Ukusebenzisa le mithi nanoma iyiphi imithi elandelayo ngokuvamile ayinconywa, kodwa kungadingeka kwezinye izimo. Uma kokubili izidakamizwa ziyalelwe ndawonye, udokotela wakho angashintsha umthamo noma ukuthi uzisebenzisa kangakanani enye noma kokubili izidakamizwa. Ukusebenzisa le mithi nanoma iyiphi imithi elandelayo kungabangela ukwanda kengozi yezinye izingozi ezibekiwe, kodwa ukusebenzisa kokubili izidakamizwa kungaba ukwelashwa okuhle kuwe. Uma kokubili izidakamizwa ziyalelwe ndawonye, udokotela wakho angashintsha umthamo noma ukuthi uzisebenzisa kangakanani enye noma kokubili izidakamizwa. Ezinye izidakamizwa akufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi noma eduze kwesikhathi sokudla ukudla noma ukudla izinhlobo ezithile zokudla njengoba kungenzeka ukuhlangana. Ukusebenzisa utshwala noma utshaba ngezinye izidakamizwa kungabangela ukuhlangana. Xoxa nochwepheshe bakho bezempilo ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi yakho ngokudla, utshwala, noma utshaba. Ukuba khona kwezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha kungathinta ukusetshenziswa kwale mithi. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho uma unanoma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi:
Indlela yokusebenzisa leli khambi
Thatha leli leyeza ngokuqondile njengoba uqondiswe ngudokotela wakho. Ungalithathi kaningi, futhi ungalithathi isikhathi eside kunalokho oqondiswe ngudokotela wakho. Ungalishintshi inani leyeza noma uyeke ukulisebenzisa ngaphandle kokubheka kuqala nodokotela wakho. Uma izinga leli leyeza liyaphela, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma umthengisi wezidakamizwa kusengaphambili. Ungazivumeli ukuphelelwa yileli leyeza. Leli leyeza liza nepheshana lolwazi lwabaguli nemiyalelo yabaguli. Funda futhi ulandele imiyalelo ngokucophelela. Buza udokotela wakho uma unemibuzo. Lifunde futhi njalo lapho ugcwalisa iresiphi yakho uma kungenzeka kukhona ulwazi olusha. Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho uma unemibuzo. Qhubeka uthatha efavirenz isikhathi sonke sokwelashwa, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa kangcono. Kubalulekile nokuthi uqhubeke uthatha wonke amanye amayeza okutholakala kwe-HIV udokotela wakho akuqondisile ukuthi uwathathe. I-Efavirenz ngeke isebenze uma ithathwa yodwa. Kufanele ithathwe namanye amayeza e-HIV. Leli leyeza lisebenza kangcono uma kunani elihlala limi egazini. Ukuze ugcine amazinga egazi ehlala njalo, ungaphoswa yinoma iyiphi imithi. Futhi, kungcono ukuthatha imithi ngezikhathi ezilinganayo usuku lonke. Isibonelo, uma wena noma ingane yakho nithatha inani elilodwa ngosuku, zama ukulithatha ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Uma udinga usizo ekuhleleni izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuthatha imithi yakho, hlola nodokotela wakho. Thatha leli leyeza isisu siyimile ngesikhathi sokulala. Gwinya ikhaphsuli noma ithebulethi yonke ngamanzi. Ungayaphula, uyiqheke, noma uyigaye ithebulethi. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ningakwazi ukugwinya ikhaphsuli yonke: Tshela udokotela wakho uma uthatha i-rifampin (Rifadin®, Rifamate®, Rifater®) noma i-voriconazole (Vfend®). Inani leyeza lakho lingase lidinga ukushintshwa. Inani leli leyeza lizohluka kubantu abahlukene. Landela imiyalo yodokotela wakho noma imiyalelo esemthethweni. Ulwazi olulandelayo luhlanganisa kuphela amanani aphakathi aleli leyeza. Uma inani lakho lihlukile, ungalishintshi ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akuqondise ukuba wenze njalo. Inani leyeza olithathayo lixhomeke emandleni leyeza. Futhi, inani lemithi olithathayo nsuku zonke, isikhathi esivunyelwe phakathi kwemithi, nobude besikhathi olithatha imithi kuya ngenkinga yezokwelapha oyisebenzisela imithi. Uma uphuthelwa yimithi yaleli leyeza, yithathe ngokushesha okukhulu. Noma kunjalo, uma sekusondele isikhathi semithi yakho elandelayo, susa imithi ephuthelwe futhi ubuyele esikhathini sakho sokusebenzisa imithi. Ungawandisi amanani emithi. Gcina imithi esitsheni esivalekile ekushiseni kwegumbi, kude nokushisa, ukufuma, nokukhanya okulungile. Gcina ungayigandisi. Gcina ingafinyeleleki ezinganeni. Ungagcini imithi esele iphelile noma imithi engasadingeki. Buza ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuthi kufanele uyilahla kanjani noma iyiphi imithi ongayisebenzisi.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: I-August iyinkundla yolwazi lwezempilo futhi izimpendulo zayo azihlanganisi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha onelayisensi eduze nawe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiluphi ushintsho.