Yini i-Efavirenz: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Efavirenz iyimithi kadokotela esiza ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngokuvimbela igciwane ukuthi lingaphindaphani emzimbeni wakho. Ingesigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), asebenza njengokhiye ovimbela i-HIV ekuzikopishini yona. Le mithi ivamise ukuthathwa kanye ngosuku njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe neminye imithi ye-HIV ukusiza ukulawula igciwane nokuvikela amasosha akho omzimba.

Yini i-Efavirenz?

I-Efavirenz iyimithi elwa namagciwane eyenzelwe ngqo ukulwa ne-HIV-1, uhlobo oluvamile lwe-HIV. Isebenza ngokugxambukela nge-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-reverse transcriptase edingwa yi-HIV ukuze iphindaphane ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho. Cabanga ngayo njengokubeka ilokhi emnyango ovimbela igciwane ukuthi lingangeni futhi lithathe amaseli akho anempilo.

Le mithi isisize abantu abane-HIV ukuthi baphile impilo enempilo iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Ithathwa njengemithi ye-HIV enamandla aphakathi nendawo esebenza kahle uma ihlanganiswe neminye imithi elwa namagciwane. Uzohlala uthatha i-efavirenz njengengxenye yohlelo lokwelashwa oluhlanganisiwe, ungalokothi uwedwa, ngoba ukusebenzisa imithi eminingi ndawonye kuphumelela kakhulu ekulawuleni i-HIV.

Isetshenziselwani i-Efavirenz?

I-Efavirenz isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV-1 kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezinobunzima obungama-kilogramu angama-40 (cishe amaphawundi angama-88). Iyingxenye yalokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwe-antiretroviral (HAART), okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi ye-HIV ukudala indlela yokwelapha enamandla.

Udktela wakho angase akunikeze i-efavirenz uma uqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV okokuqala ngqa noma uma udinga ukushintsha kwenye imithi ngenxa yemiphumela emibi noma ukumelana. Ilungele ikakhulukazi abantu abafuna ukulula kokuthatha umthamo kanye ngosuku. Umgomo uwukwehlisa izinga lakho legciwane liye emazingeni angabonakali, okusho ukuthi igciwane licindezelwa kakhulu kangangokuthi alikwazi ukudluliselwa kwabanye.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela baphinda banikeze i-efavirenz njengengxenye ye-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) ezimweni eziphuthumayo lapho othile evezwe khona ku-HIV. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusetshenziswa akuvamile futhi kudinga ukugadwa kwezokwelapha okucophelelayo.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Efavirenz?

I-Efavirenz isebenza ngokugxila esinyathelweni esithile enqubweni yokuzala kabusha ye-HIV. Lapho i-HIV ingena emaseleni akho, idinga ukuguqula izinto zayo zofuzo ezivela ku-RNA ziye ku-DNA isebenzisa i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-reverse transcriptase. I-Efavirenz iqondana ngqo nale enzyme futhi iyivimba ukuthi ingasebenzi kahle.

Lesi senzo sokuvimba sivimbela i-HIV ukuthi ingangeni ku-DNA yeseli lakho, okuyeka igciwane ukuthi lingakhiqizi amakhophi amasha awo. Kufana nokuvimba umshini wokukopisha wegciwane ukuze lingakwazi ukuzala. Ngenkathi i-efavirenz ingayelaphi i-HIV, inciphisa kakhulu inani legciwane egazini lakho uma lisetshenziswa njalo.

Umuthi uthathwa njengonamandla ngokulinganisela uma uqhathaniswa neminye imithi emisha ye-HIV, kodwa usasebenza kahle kakhulu uma uthathwa njengoba kunqunywe. Ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto ambalwa ukubona umphumela ogcwele ezingeni lakho legciwane, futhi uzodinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo ukuze uqaphele ukuthi isebenza kahle kangakanani.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Efavirenz?

Thatha i-efavirenz ngendlela enqunywe ngayo udokotela wakho, ngokuvamile kanye ngosuku esiswini esingenalutho. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokulala, cishe amahora angu-1-2 ngemuva kokudla kwakho kokugcina, ngoba lesi sikhathi singasiza ekunciphiseni eminye imiphumela emibi efana nesiyezi noma amaphupho acacile.

Gwinya ithebhulethi noma ikhaphule ngokuphelele ngamanzi. Ungalichobozi, ulihlafune, noma uvule umuthi ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umzimba wakho owumunca ngayo. Uma uthatha uhlobo olunguketshezi, lunganisa ngokucophelela ngedivayisi yokulinganisa enikeziwe, hhayi isipuni sasekhaya.

Ukuthatha i-efavirenz esiswini esingenalutho kubalulekile ngoba ukudla kungakhuphula inani lomuthi umzimba wakho owumuncayo, okungenzeka kuholele emiphumeleni eminingi emibi. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu okukhulu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngendlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho.

Zama ukuthatha umthamo wakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo egazini lakho. Ukusetha i-alamu yansuku zonke noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi kungakusiza ukuthi ukhumbule. Uma uhamba ngaphesheya kwemikhakha yesikhathi, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani isimiso sakho sokulinganisa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Efavirenz?

Ngokuvamile uzodinga ukuthatha i-efavirenz uma nje isasebenza ekulawuleni i-HIV yakho, okungaba iminyaka eminingi noma ingunaphakade. Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV ngokuvamile kuyisibopho sempilo yonke, futhi ukuyeka umuthi wakho kungavumela igciwane ukuthi liphindaphindeke ngokushesha futhi lingase lithuthukise ukumelana.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha impendulo yakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile okulinganisa umthwalo wakho wegciwane kanye nenani le-CD4 cell. Uma i-efavirenz iqhubeka nokugcina umthwalo wakho wegciwane ucindezelwe futhi uyibekezelela kahle, ungahlala kulolu hlobo lomuthi iminyaka eminingi. Abanye abantu baye bathatha i-efavirenz ngempumelelo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi.

Kodwa-ke, ungase udinge ukushintsha imithi uma uba nemiphumela emibi engathuthuki, uma igciwane lithuthukisa ukumelana, noma uma izinketho ezintsha, ezilula zitholakala. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-efavirenz ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekubuyeni kwegciwane nokumelana okungenzeka.

Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa noma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi eqhubekayo, xoxa ngesikhathi sokushintsha imithi okungenzeka nethimba lakho lezempilo. Bangakusiza ukuthi ushintshe ngokuphepha uye ekwelashweni okuhlukile uma kudingeka.

Yini Imiphumela Emibi ye-Efavirenz?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-efavirenz ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela eminingi emibi ingeyesikhashana futhi iyathuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi, ngokuvamile phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuqala okwelashwa.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlanganisa:

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• Amaphupho acacile noma amaphupho amabi
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• Isiyezi noma ukuzwa

  I-Efavirenz ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuyalela. Akufanele usebenzise i-efavirenz uma unenkinga yokungezwani nayo noma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu kuyo esikhathini esidlule.

  Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha badinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile noma bangase badinge ukugwema i-efavirenz ngokuphelele:

  • Isifo sesibindi esibi noma i-hepatitis B noma C
  • Umlando wezimo zempilo yengqondo njengokucindezeleka okukhulu noma i-psychosis
  • Izifo zokuhlaselwa noma isithuthwane
  • Ukutholakala kwe-QT prolongation (isimo senhliziyo)
  • Ukukhulelwa (ikakhulukazi i-trimester yokuqala)

  Uma unomlando wokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, udokotela wakho uzohlola izingozi nezinzuzo ngokucophelela, njengoba i-efavirenz ngezinye izikhathi ingenza izimpawu zengqondo zibe zimbi. Abantu abanezinkinga zezinso ngokuvamile bangathatha i-efavirenz, kodwa bangase badinge ukulungiswa komthamo.

  Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela kanye nezithasiselo zemithi yama-herbal. I-Efavirenz ingasebenzisana neminye imithi eminingi, okuhlanganisa eminye imithi yokucindezeleka, imithi yokuhlaselwa, ngisho ne-St. John's wort.

  Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Efavirenz

  I-Efavirenz iyatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, i-Sustiva iyona eaziwa kakhulu njengokwakheka okunesithako esisodwa. Lo mkhiqizo wawungenye yezinto zokuqala ze-efavirenz ezatholakala futhi wasiza ukusungula idumela lomuthi ekwelashweni kwe-HIV.

  Ungase futhi uthole i-efavirenz njengengxenye yamaphilisi ahlanganisiwe aqukethe eminye imithi ye-HIV. Imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe edumile ihlanganisa i-Atripla (efavirenz + tenofovir + emtricitabine) kanye ne-Symfi (efavirenz + tenofovir + lamivudine). Lawa maphilisi ahlanganisiwe angenza ukwelashwa kube lula ngokunciphisa inani lamaphilisi okudingeka uwathathe nsuku zonke.

  Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-efavirenz manje ziyatholakala futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo njengezinhlobo ezinamagama. Umshwalense wakho ungase ukhethe izinketho ezivamile, ezinganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zemithi yakho. Hlala uhlola nomuthi wakho uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inguqulo oyitholayo.

  Ezinye izindlela ze-Efavirenz

  Uma i-efavirenz ingasebenzi kahle kuwe, imithi eminingi ehlukile ye-HIV inganikeza izinzuzo ezifanayo. Udokotela wakho angase acabange ukukushintshela kwamanye ama-NNRTI afana ne-rilpivirine (Edurant) noma i-doravirine (Pifeltro), okuthi ngokuvamile abe nemiphumela emincane engokwengqondo.

  Ama-integrase inhibitors amelela olunye uhlobo lwemithi ye-HIV abaningi odokotela manje abakhetha njengokwelashwa kokuqala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-dolutegravir (Tivicay), i-bictegravir (etholakala ku-Biktarvy), kanye ne-raltegravir (Isentress). Le mithi ivame ukuba nemiphumela emincane futhi mancane amathuba okuthi ibangele ukuphazamiseka kokulala noma izinguquko zemizwa.

  Kubantu abadinga ukulinganiswa kanye ngosuku, amaphilisi ahlanganisiwe afana ne-Biktarvy, Triumeq, noma i-Dovato angase abe ezinye izindlela ezinhle kakhulu. Lezi zinhlanganisela ezintsha zivame ukubekezeleleka kakhulu futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo ekucindezeleni i-HIV.

  Ukukhetha okunye kuncike ezintweni ezifana neminye imithi yakho, ukusebenza kwezinso, ukusebenzisana okungenzeka kwemithi, nezintandokazi zomuntu siqu. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola inketho engcono kakhulu uma i-efavirenz ingafaneleki.

  Ingabe i-Efavirenz ingcono kune-Dolutegravir?

  Kokubili i-efavirenz ne-dolutegravir ziyimithi ye-HIV esebenzayo, kodwa zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi zinezinzuzo ezihlukile. I-Dolutegravir, i-integrase inhibitor, ngokuvamile isibe yindlela ekhethwa odokotela abaningi ngoba ivame ukubangela imiphumela emincane futhi inesithiyo esikhulu sokumelana.

  I-Efavirenz iseneminyaka eminingi futhi inerekhodi elide lempumelelo, ngeminyaka eminingi yokusetshenziswa emhlabeni wangempela ekhombisa ukusebenza kwayo. Ihlala iyindlela enhle kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abayibekezelela kahle futhi abathanda ukulula kokuthatha umthamo kanye ngosuku.

  I-Dolutegravir ngokuvamile ibangela imiphumela emibi emincane yengqondo efana namaphupho acacile noma izinguquko zemizwa abanye abantu abahlangabezana nazo nge-efavirenz. Kodwa-ke, i-dolutegravir ingase ibangele ukukhuluphala kwabanye abantu, okungavamile nge-efavirenz.

  Ukukhetha okuthi "kungcono" kuncike ezimweni zakho, okuhlanganisa umlando wakho wezokwelapha, eminye imithi, nokuthi usabela kanjani ekwelashweni. Yomibili imithi ithathwa njengephumelela kakhulu uma ithathwa njengoba kunqunywe, futhi noma iyiphi ingakusiza ukuthi ufinyelele umthwalo wegciwane ongatholakali.

  Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-Efavirenz

  Ingabe i-Efavirenz iphephile kubantu abane-Hepatitis?

  Abantu abane-hepatitis B noma C bangavame ukuthatha i-efavirenz, kodwa badinga ukuqashwa okuseduze ngezinkinga zesibindi. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho njalo ngezivivinyo zegazi futhi angase alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha uma kudingeka.

  Uma unesifo sesibindi esibi, i-efavirenz ingase ingabi yindlela engcono kakhulu, njengoba ingase yenze izinkinga zesibindi zibe zimbi kwabanye abantu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis elula kuya kwemaphakathi bathatha i-efavirenz ngempumelelo. Okubalulekile ukusebenza eduze nethimba lakho lezempilo ukuqapha impilo yesibindi sakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

  Ngingenzani uma ngithatha i-Efavirenz eningi ngengozi?

  Uma ngengozi uthatha okungaphezu komthamo wakho onqunyiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma ukulawulwa kokuphuziswa ngokushesha. Ukuthatha i-efavirenz eningi kungandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi engathi sína efana nesiyezi esikhulu, ukudideka, noma izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.

  Ungazami "ukulungisa" umthamo owengeziwe ngokuqaqa umthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kunalokho, buyela esimisweni sakho esijwayelekile sokuthatha imithi futhi wazise umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngalokho okwenzekile. Bangakunika iseluleko sokuthi uqhubeke kanjani ngokuphepha.

  Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Efavirenz?

  Uma uphuthelwa umthamo futhi sekudlule amahora angaphansi kwangu-12 kusukela ngesikhathi sakho esihleliwe, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula. Uma sekudlule amahora angaphezu kwangu-12, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uthatha umthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe ngesikhathi esijwayelekile.

  Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe, ngoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngamasu okukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule, njengokusetha ama-alamu ocingweni noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi.

  Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Efavirenz?

  Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha i-efavirenz ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha okuqondile. Ungalokothi uyeke ngokuzumayo ngokwakho, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekubuyeni kwegciwane futhi kungenzeka ukuthi i-HIV ikwazi ukumelana nomuthi.

  Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuyeka i-efavirenz uma uba nemiphumela emibi engathi sína, uma igciwane selimelana, noma uma ushintshela kwenye indlela yokwelapha. Noma yiziphi izinguquko zemithi kufanele zihlelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucindezelwa okuqhubekayo kwegciwane kuyo yonke inkathi yokushintsha.

  Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Efavirenz?

  Ngenkathi kungekho ukusebenzisana okuqondile phakathi kwe-efavirenz notshwala, ukuphuza kungase kubhebhethekise eminye imiphumela emibi efana nesiyezi, ukudideka, noma izinguquko zemizwa. Utshwala bungaphazamisa nokulala kwakho, okungase kwenze imiphumela ye-efavirenz emaphethini okulala ibe nzima.

  Uma ukhetha ukuphuza, yenza kanjalo ngokulinganisela futhi uqaphele kakhulu imisebenzi edinga ukuqapha, njengokushayela. Naka ukuthi utshwala bukukuthinta kanjani ngenkathi use-efavirenz, njengoba ungase uzwe ukuzwela kakhulu emiphumeleni yayo kunokujwayelekile.