Yini i-Bronchoscopy? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

I-Bronchoscopy iyinqubo yezokwelapha evumela odokotela ukuthi babheke ngqo ngaphakathi emoyeni wakho nasemaphaphu besebenzisa ithumbu elincanyana, eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera. Cabanga ngayo njengendlela kadokotela wakho yokuthatha uhambo oluqondisiwe ngamaphaseji akho okuphefumula ukuze abone ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi.

Le nqubo isiza odokotela ukuthi bathole izinkinga zamaphaphu, bathathe amasampula ezicubu, noma baze belaphe izimo ezithile. Ngenkathi umqondo wokufaka ithumbu emaphashini akho ungase uzizwe umkhulu, i-bronchoscopy iyinqubo ejwayelekile eyenziwa ngokuphepha izinkulungwane zezikhathi nsuku zonke ezibhedlela emhlabeni wonke.

Yini i-bronchoscopy?

I-Bronchoscopy isebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile elibizwa nge-bronchoscope ukuhlola izindlela zakho zomoya. I-bronchoscope iyithumbu elincanyana, eliguquguqukayo elingaba nobubanzi bepensela eliqukethe ikhamera encane nokukhanya ekugcineni.

Udokotela wakho uqondisa ngobumnene leli thumbu ngamakhala akho noma umlomo, phansi emqaleni wakho, nangaphakathi emaphaphu akho 'amaphaseji okuphefumula amakhulu abizwa ngokuthi ama-bronchi. Ikhamera ithumela izithombe zesikhathi sangempela ku-monitor, okuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abone ngaphakathi kwezindlela zakho zomoya ngokucacile.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-bronchoscopy. I-bronchoscopy eguquguqukayo isebenzisa ithumbu eligoqekayo futhi iyinhlobo ejwayelekile, kuyilapho i-bronchoscopy eqinile isebenzisa ithumbu eliqondile, lensimbi futhi ngokuvamile igcinelwe izinqubo ezithile zokwelapha.

Kungani i-bronchoscopy yenziwa?

Odokotela batusa i-bronchoscopy lapho kudingeka ukuthi baphenye izinkinga zokuphefumula noma izimpawu zamaphaphu ukuthi ezinye izivivinyo azizichazanga ngokugcwele. Ilusizo ikakhulukazi ekutholeni izimo ezithinta izindlela zomoya nezicubu zamaphaphu.

Udokotela wakho angase asikisele le nqubo uma unokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okungahambi, ikakhulukazi uma ukhwehlela igazi noma amanani angavamile olwelwesi. Isetshenziswa futhi lapho ama-X-ray esifuba noma ama-CT scan ekhombisa izindawo ezisolisayo ezidinga ukuhlolwa okuseduze.

I-Bronchoscopy ingasiza ukuxilonga izimo eziningana, futhi ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingenzeka kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke kakhulu inqubo yakho:

• Ukutheleleka emaphashini, okuhlanganisa umkhuhlane wamaphaphu noma isifo sofuba
• Umkhuhlane wamaphaphu noma ezinye izimila emoyeni
• Izimo ezivuthayo njenge-sarcoidosis
• Ukuqina kwemigudu yomoya (i-stenosis)
• Izinto zangaphandle ezinamathele emaphashini
• Ukulimala kwamaphaphu okungachazeki noma i-fibrosis

Ngaphandle kokuxilongwa, i-bronchoscopy ingaphatha nezimo ezithile. Udokotela wakho angase ayisebenzise ukususa ama-mucus plugs, ukumisa ukopha emoyeni, noma ukubeka ama-stents ukuze kugcinwe imigudu yomoya ivulekile.

Iyini inqubo ye-bronchoscopy?

Inqubo ye-bronchoscopy ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60 futhi ivame ukwenziwa njengenqubo yeziguli eziphuthumayo. Cishe uzothola i-sedation enengqondo, okusho ukuthi uzobe uphumule futhi ukozela kodwa usakwazi ukuphefumula ngokwakho.

Ngaphambi kokuthi inqubo iqale, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenzisa i-anesthetic spray yendawo ukuze luthulise umphimbo wakho nezindima zamakhala. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki njengoba i-bronchoscope ifakwa futhi kunciphisa i-gag reflex yakho yemvelo.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi senqubo, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

1. Uzolala ngomhlane noma ngohlangothi lwakho etafuleni lokuhlolwa
2. Udokotela wakho uzofaka ngobumnene i-bronchoscope ngamakhala akho noma ngomlomo wakho
3. I-scope ihamba kancane phansi emqaleni wakho bese ingena emoyeni wakho
4. Udokotela wakho uhlola imigudu yomoya futhi angase athathe amasampula ezicubu uma kudingeka
5. I-bronchoscope ikhishwa ngokucophelela

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ungase uzwe ingcindezi ethile noma ukungakhululeki okuncane, kodwa abantu abaningi bakuthola kulula kakhulu ukukubekezelela kunalokho abebelindele. I-sedation isiza ukukugcina ukhululekile kuyo yonke inqubo.

Uma udokotela wakho edinga ukuthatha amasampula ezicubu (abizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy), bazosebenzisa amathuluzi amancane adluliswa nge-bronchoscope. Ngokuvamile ngeke ukuzwe lokhu okwenzeka ngenxa ye-anesthetic yendawo.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-bronchoscopy yakho?

Ukulungiselela kahle kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-bronchoscopy yakho ihamba kahle futhi iphephile. Udokotela wakho uzokunika imiyalelo ethile, kodwa kuneziqondiso ezithile ezijwayelekile ezisebenza ezigulini eziningi.

Kuzodingeka uyeke ukudla nokuphuza okungenani amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kwenqubo yakho. Lesi sikhathi sokuzila ukudla sibalulekile ngoba sinciphisa ingozi yezinkinga uma uhlanza ngesikhathi senqubo.

Yazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, ikakhulukazi ama-blood thinners afana ne-warfarin noma i-aspirin. Ungase udinge ukuyeka imithi ethile izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenqubo ukuze unciphise ingozi yokopha.

Kunezinye izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile zokulungiselela okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Lungiselela umuntu ozokuqhuba ekhaya ngemuva kwenqubo
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezikhululekile
• Susa ubucwebe, amazinyo okwenziwa, kanye nama-contact lenses
• Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba emithini
• Tshela udokotela wakho uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo noma uthatha ama-blood thinners

Uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngale nqubo, lokhu kujwayelekile ngokuphelele. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinkathazo zakho, futhi bangasiza ukubhekana nokukhathazeka kwakho futhi mhlawumbe banikeze imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka uma kudingeka.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-bronchoscopy?

Imiphumela yakho ye-bronchoscopy ngokuvamile izotholakala phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya evikini ngemuva kwenqubo yakho. Isikhathi sincike ekutheni amasampula ezicubu athathwe yini nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezivivinyo ezidingekayo.

Uma udokotela wakho enze kuphela ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ungase uthole imiphumela yokuqala ngokushesha ngemuva kwenqubo. Kodwa-ke, uma kwathathwa ama-biopsies, la masampula adinga ukuhlaziywa elabhorethri, okuthatha isikhathi esengeziwe.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile ye-bronchoscopy isho ukuthi izindlela zakho zomoya zibonakala ziphilile futhi zicacile. Ama-bronchi kufanele abe pinki, abushelelezi, futhi akhululeke kunoma yikuphi ukukhula, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuvaleka.

Imiphumela engavamile ingabonisa izinto ezihlukahlukene, futhi udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini esimweni sakho esithile:

• Ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala emoyeni
• Ukukhula okungavamile noma izimila
• Ukulimala noma ukuncipha kwemigudu yomoya
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka
• Ukuphuma igazi noma izicubu ezilimele
• Izinto zangaphandle noma ama-mucus plugs

Khumbula ukuthi ukuthola okuthile okungavamile akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi unesimo esibucayi. Okuningi okutholakele nge-bronchoscopy kuyelapheka, futhi udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthuthukisa uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokwelapha olusekelwe emiphumeleni yakho ethile.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokudinga i-bronchoscopy?

Ezinye izici zikhuphula amathuba akho okudinga inqubo ye-bronchoscopy. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi le nqubo inganconywa nini kuwe.

Ukubhema kuyisici esiyingozi esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga zamaphaphu ezidinga i-bronchoscopy. Ababhemayo njengamanje nababebhema maningi amathuba okuthi bathuthukise izimo zamaphaphu ezidinga ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwemigudu yomoya.

Umlando wakho womsebenzi udlala indima enkulu empilweni yamaphaphu akho. Abantu abasebenza noma abasebenze embonini ethile babhekene nezingozi eziphakeme ngenxa yokuchayeka ezintweni eziyingozi.

Izici eziningana zasemsebenzini nezemvelo zingakhuphula ingozi yakho:

• Ukwambulwa kwe-asbestos emsebenzini wokwakha noma wokwakha imikhumbi
• Ukwambulwa kothuli lwamalahle emisebenzini yezimayini
• Imfucumfucu yamakhemikhali evela ekukhiqizeni noma ekupendeni
• Ukwambulwa isikhathi eside ekungcolisweni komoya
• Ukusebenza ngothuli lwe-silica noma ezinye izinhlayiya zezimboni

Ubudala nabo buyabaluleka, njengoba izinkinga zamaphaphu ziba zivamile njengoba sikhula. Iningi lama-bronchoscopies lenziwa kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, nakuba le nqubo ingase idingeke kunoma iyiphi iminyaka.

Ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifo samaphaphu, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yokudinga i-bronchoscopy. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni noma okuvamile uma unomlando womndeni oqinile.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-bronchoscopy?

I-Bronchoscopy ngokuvamile iyinqubo ephephile, kodwa njenganoma yikuphi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha, inezingozi ezithile. Iningi labantu alizwa zinkinga, futhi izinkinga ezinzima zivamile.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu imnene futhi yesikhashana. Ungase uzwe umphimbo obuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, noma ukuminyana kwezwi ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemva kwenqubo. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zizixazulula zodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Abanye abantu bazizwa benesicanucanu noma bephenduka isiyezi ngemva kwenqubo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemithi yokuthulisa. Lokhu kuvame ukuthuthuka emahoreni ambalwa njengoba imithi iphela.

Izinkinga ezinzima azivamile kodwa zingenzeka, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lilungele ukubhekana nalezi zimo uma zivela:

• Ukuphuma igazi ezindaweni ze-biopsy (ngokuvamile okuncane futhi kuyazima ngokwako)
• Ukutheleleka endaweni ye-biopsy
• I-Pneumothorax (iphaphu eliwile) ezimweni ezingavamile
• Ukungezwani komzimba emithini yokuthulisa
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile ngesikhathi senqubo

Ubungozi bezinkinga ezinzima bungaphansi kuka-1% kubantu abaningi. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza izici zakho eziyingozi ngaphambi kwenqubo futhi athathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokunciphisa noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona.

Uma unesifo senhliziyo noma samaphaphu esibi, izingozi zakho zingase zibe phezulu kancane, kodwa udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi ngaphambi kokuncoma inqubo.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela mayelana nemiphumela ye-bronchoscopy?

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ngemva kwenqubo yakho ye-bronchoscopy. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi belulama ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ufune nini ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqala ukuzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma uma ukhwehlela igazi eliningi. Lezi zimpawu zingase zikhombe inkinga edinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Kufanele futhi uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqala ukuba nezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane, ama-chills, noma ukwanda kwamafinyila anemibala. Noma ngabe ukutheleleka ngemuva kwe-bronchoscopy akuvamile, kungenzeka futhi kudingeke ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics.

Kunezinye izimpawu eziningi ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngemuva kwe-bronchoscopy:

• Ukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma okuba kubi okungathuthuki ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2-3
• Ubuhlungu besifuba obuba bubi kunokuba ngcono
• Ukuphefumula okuncane okubi kakhulu kunangaphambi kwenqubo
• Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile njengokuqubuka noma ukuvuvukala
• Isicanucanu esiqhubekayo noma ukuhlanza

Ukuze kulandelwe njalo, udokotela wakho uzohlela i-aphoyintimenti ukuze axoxe ngemiphumela yakho kanye nanoma yiziphi izinyathelo ezilandelayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kungakapheli isonto elilodwa noma amabili yenqubo yakho, kuye ngokuthi ngabe kuthathwe ama-biopsies.

Unganqikazi ukushayela ihhovisi likadokotela wakho uma unemibuzo ngemiphumela yakho noma uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukubheka kunokulinda nokuzibuza.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-bronchoscopy

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-bronchoscopy kulungile ekutholeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Yebo, i-bronchoscopy iyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi lapho izimila zitholakala emoyeni ophakathi. Le nqubo ivumela odokotela ukuthi babone ukukhula okungajwayelekile ngqo futhi bathathe amasampula ezicubu ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile.

Kodwa-ke, i-bronchoscopy isebenza kahle kakhulu emdlavuzeni obonakala emgudwini wokuphefumula oyinhloko. Eminye imidlavuza yamaphaphu etholakala emaphethelweni angaphandle wamaphaphu ingase ingafinyeleleki nge-bronchoscope ejwayelekile, futhi ezinye izinqubo ezinjenge-CT-guided biopsy zingase zidingeke esikhundleni salokho.

Umbuzo 2. Ingabe i-bronchoscopy ibangela ukulimala kwamaphaphu?

Cha, i-bronchoscopy ngokuvamile ayibangeli ukulimala kwamaphaphu uma yenziwa odokotela abanolwazi. Le nqubo yenzelwe ukuba ibe encane kakhulu, futhi i-bronchoscope incane ngokwanele ukuzulazula emoyeni wakho ngaphandle kokulimaza.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, izinkinga ezinjenge-pneumothorax (amaphaphu aqhekekile) zingenzeka, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% wezinqubo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likuqapha ngokucophelela kuyo yonke inqubo ukuvimbela nokubhekana ngokushesha nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona.

Umbuzo 3. I-bronchoscopy ibuhlungu kangakanani?

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi i-bronchoscopy ayibuhlungu kangako kunalokho ababekulindele. I-anesthetic yendawo idumbisa umphimbo wakho kanye nemigudu yomoya, kuyilapho ukuthuliswa kukusiza ukuba uphumule ngesikhathi senqubo.

Ungase uzwe ukucindezela okuthile noma ukungakhululeki okuncane njengoba i-bronchoscope idlula emoyeni wakho, kodwa ubuhlungu obukhulu abavamile. Ngemva kwenqubo, ungase ube nomphimbo obuhlungu noma ukhwehlele usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, okufana nokuba nomkhuhlane omncane.

Umbuzo 4. Ngingadla ngokushesha ngemva kwe-bronchoscopy?

Cha, kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho imithi yokudumbisa isiphela ngaphambi kokudla noma ukuphuza. Lokhu kuvamile ukuthatha amahora angu-1-2 ngemva kwenqubo, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola ukuzwela kwakho ukugwinya ngaphambi kokukunika ukuthi kulungile.

Qala ngokuphuza amanzi amancane kuqala, bese ubuyela kancane kancane ekudleni kwakho okuvamile. Lokhu kuqapha kuvimbela ukuminyanisa noma ukungenisa ukudla noma uketshezi ngengozi ngenkathi umphimbo wakho usadumbile.

Umbuzo 5. Ngizodinga izinqubo eziningi ze-bronchoscopy?

Lokhu kuncike esimweni sakho esithile nokuthi udokotela wakho utholani ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqala. Abantu abaningi badinga i-bronchoscopy eyodwa kuphela ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa, kanti abanye bangase badinge izinqubo zokulandela ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kokwelashwa.

Uma welashwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu noma ezinye izimo ezingapheli, udokotela wakho angase ancome ama-bronchoscopies ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ahlolisise ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoxoxa ngohlelo lwesikhathi eside nawe ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho ngasinye.