ការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃជំងឺកូវីដបន្ទាប់ពីលេប Paxlovid ប៉ះពាល់ដល់មនុស្សប្រហែលជាពី ២% ទៅ ២០% ដែលអាស្រ័យទាំងស្រុងទៅលើរបៀបដែលការសិក្សានោះកំណត់ និងវាស់វែងវា។ ការសិក្សាដែលផ្តោតលើរោគសញ្ញាតែប៉ុណ្ណោះរកឃើញចំនួនទាប។ ការសិក្សាដែលយកសំណាកដោយប្រើ PCR ជារៀងរាល់ថ្ងៃរកឃើញចំនួនខ្ពស់។ ការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃជំងឺកូវីដបន្ទាប់ពីលេប Paxlovid ក៏កើតឡើងចំពោះអ្នកដែលមិនដែលប្រើថ្នាំនេះទេ ហើយជាធម្មតាវាមានសភាពស្រាល។
\n\nTL;DR: ចំណុចសំខាន់ៗ
\n- \n
- អត្រាដែលបានរាយការណ៍មានចាប់ពីប្រហែល ២% ដល់ ២០%។ ការកំណត់ករណី និងកាលវិភាគនៃការធ្វើតេស្ត បង្កើតឱ្យមានការប្រែប្រួលនេះភាគច្រើន។ \n
- នៅក្នុងការសាកល្បង EPIC-HR អ្នកជំងឺ ៨.៣% ដែលប្រើ Paxlovid មានការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃ RNA ខណៈពេលដែល ៥.៧% ប្រើថ្នាំ placebo។ ការត្រឡប់មកវិញក៏កើតឡើងដោយគ្មានការព្យាបាលផងដែរ។ \n
- មិនមានរបាយការណ៍អំពីការចូលមន្ទីរពេទ្យ ឬការស្លាប់ក្នុងចំណោមអ្នកជំងឺក្រៅដែលមានការត្រឡប់មកវិញក្នុង ការសិក្សាដែល CDC បានពិនិត្យនោះទេ។ \n
- អ្នកដែលមានការត្រឡប់មកវិញអាចបញ្ចេញមេរោគរស់នៅបានប្រហែល ១៤ ថ្ងៃ។ ការធូរស្បើយមិនមានន័យថាមានសុវត្ថិភាពនៅជុំវិញអ្នកដទៃទេ។ \n
- វិធានការលំនាំដើមគឺត្រូវដាក់ខ្លួនដាច់ដោយឡែកម្តងទៀត មិនមែនលេបថ្នាំជាលើកទីពីរទេ។ \n
ការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃជំងឺកូវីដបន្ទាប់ពីលេប Paxlovid គឺជារឿងពិត ប៉ុន្តែចំណងជើង \"២% និង ២០%\" កំពុងវាស់វែងរឿងផ្សេងៗគ្នា
\n\nការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃជំងឺកូវីដបន្ទាប់ពីលេប Paxlovid ដែលមានន័យថា រោគសញ្ញាត្រឡប់មកវិញ ឬការធ្វើតេស្តវិជ្ជមានថ្មី បន្ទាប់ពីជាសះស្បើយយ៉ាងច្បាស់លាស់ ត្រូវបានរាយការណ៍ចំពោះអ្នកដែលបានព្យាបាលប្រហែលជាពី ២% ទៅ ២០%។ ការប្រែប្រួលនេះគឺជាលទ្ធផលនៃការវាស់វែង មិនមែនជាអាថ៌កំបាំងទេ។ ការសិក្សាដែលយកសំណាកដោយប្រើ PCR ជារៀងរាល់ថ្ងៃ រកឃើញការត្រឡប់មកវិញច្រើនជាងការសិក្សាដែលរាប់តែរោគសញ្ញាដែលត្រឡប់មកវិញ។ លេខទាំងពីរក្រុមគឺត្រឹមត្រូវ។ ពួកគេកំពុងឆ្លើយសំណួរផ្សេងៗគ្នា។
\n\nនេះជាទម្រង់ដែលគួរចងចាំ៖ ការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃរោគសញ្ញាតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ គឺជាករណីកម្របំផុត ការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃ RNA ដែលកំណត់ដោយការសាកល្បងស្ថិតនៅកណ្តាល ហើយការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃមេរោគដែលបញ្ជាក់ដោយ PCR ជាមួយនឹងការយកសំណាកញឹកញាប់ គឺជាករណីទូទៅបំផុត។
\n\nនៅក្នុងទិន្នន័យការសាកល្បង EPIC-HR ដែលវិភាគដោយ CDC ការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃ RNA បានកើតឡើងចំពោះមនុស្ស ៨.៣% ដែលបានប្រើ Paxlovid (៧៧ នាក់ ក្នុងចំណោម ៩២៥ នាក់) និង ៥.៧% ក្នុងចំណោមអ្នកដែលបានប្រើថ្នាំ placebo (៥៣ នាក់ ក្នុងចំណោម ៩២២ នាក់)។ ការពិនិត្យរបស់ CDC លើការសិក្សាអំពីការត្រឡប់មកវិញចំនួនប្រាំពីរ រួមបញ្ចូលទាំងក្រុមសិក្សាថយក្រោយដ៏ធំមួយ ដែលអ្នកជំងឺដែលបានព្យាបាល ៦.៦% បានត្រឡប់មកវិញ ប្រៀបធៀបនឹងអ្នកដែលមិនបានព្យាបាល ៤.៥% ដែលជាភាពខុសគ្នាមិនសំខាន់។ នៅផ្នែកខាងលើនៃជួរ ការសិក្សា Mass General Brigham ដែលបានចេញផ្សាយនៅក្នុង Annals of Internal Medicine បានរកឃើញការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃមេរោគ ២០.៨% ជាមួយនឹង Paxlovid ប្រៀបធៀបនឹង ១.៨% ដោយគ្មានវា ដោយប្រើការធ្វើតេស្ត PCR បន្តដោយផ្ទាល់។ នោះហើយជាប្រភពនៃចំណងជើង \"១ ក្នុងចំណោម ៥\"។ តួលេខ ២០% និងតួលេខ ២% មិនផ្ទុយគ្នានោះទេ។ ការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃជំងឺកូវីដបន្ទាប់ពីលេប Paxlovid មើលទៅមានលក្ខណៈទូទៅ ឬកម្រ អាស្រ័យទៅលើថាតើអ្នកស្វែងរកវាខ្លាំងប៉ុនណា។
\n\nការត្រឡប់មកវិញមិនមែនជាភស្តុតាងដែលថា Paxlovid បរាជ័យអ្នកទេ
\n\nប្រសិនបើអ្វីដែលអ្នកកំពុងសួរតាមពិតទៅគឺ Paxlovid ដំណើរការនៅពេលរោគសញ្ញារបស់អ្នកត្រឡប់មកវិញខ្លាំងក្លាវិញ ទិន្នន័យ placebo គឺជាចម្លើយ។ មនុស្សដែលប្រើ placebo ក៏បានត្រឡប់មកវិញផងដែរ នៅ ៥.៧% ក្នុង EPIC-HR ដូចទៅនឹង ៤.៥% នៃអ្នកជំងឺដែលមិនបានព្យាបាលនៅក្នុងក្រុមសិក្សាថយក្រោយ។ ការត្រឡប់មកវិញកើតឡើងជាមួយនឹងថ្នាំ និងដោយគ្មានថ្នាំ។
\n\nក៏មិនមានភស្តុតាងណាមួយដែលថា ការត្រឡប់មកវិញនេះឆ្លុះបញ្ចាំងពីភាពធន់ទ្រាំរបស់មេរោគចំពោះ nirmatrelvir ដែរ។ ការពន្យល់ឈានមុខគេគឺជារឿងធម្មតា៖ ការលុបបំបាត់មេរោគមិនបានគ្រប់គ្រាន់ ដោយសារការប៉ះពាល់នឹងថ្នាំរយៈពេលប្រាំថ្ងៃ មិនតែងតែគ្រប់គ្រាន់ដើម្បីបញ្ចប់ការងារក្នុងមនុស្សគ្រប់គ្នាទេ។
\n\nទិន្នន័យលទ្ធផលគឺជាផ្នែកដែលធ្វើឱ្យមានការធានា។ ការត្រឡប់មកវិញមិនត្រូវបានទាក់ទងនឹងការចូលមន្ទីរពេទ្យ ឬការស្លាប់នៅក្នុងក្រុមសាកល្បងណាមួយទេ ហើយមិនមានរបាយការណ៍អំពីការចូលមន្ទីរពេទ្យ ឬការស្លាប់ក្នុងចំណោមអ្នកជំងឺក្រៅដែលមានការត្រឡប់មកវិញក្នុង ការសិក្សាទាំងប្រាំពីរដែល CDC បានពិនិត្យនោះទេ។ ការណែនាំផ្នែកព្យាបាលរបស់ CDC សម្រាប់អ្នកជំងឺក្រៅ ដែលបានពិនិត្យចុងក្រោយនៅឆ្នាំ ២០២៥ បានបញ្ជាក់យ៉ាងច្បាស់ថា ការត្រឡប់មកវិញកើតឡើងដោយមិនគិតពីថាតើអ្នកជំងឺបានទទួលការព្យាបាលឬយ៉ាងណានោះទេ ហើយអត្ថប្រយោជន៍នៃការព្យាបាលនៅតែមានលើសពីហានិភ័យនៃការត្រឡប់មកវិញសម្រាប់អ្នកដែលមានហានិភ័យខ្ពស់នៃជំងឺ COVID-19 ធ្ងន់ធ្ងរ។ ការណែនាំរបស់ IDSA ដែលបានពិនិត្យនៅខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ ២០២៥ រក្សាកាតាítményរឹងមាំ ដោយផ្អែកលើភស្តុតាងកម្រិតមធ្យម សម្រាប់ការប្រើ nirmatrelvir/ritonavir ជាងការមិនប្រើថ្នាំប្រឆាំងមេរោគក្នុងមនុស្សពេញវ័យដែលមានហានិភ័យខ្ពស់ ការណែនាំតាមលក្ខខណ្ឌសម្រាប់ហានិភ័យកើនឡើង ប៉ុន្តែមិនមែនខ្ពស់ទេ ហើយណែនាំប្រឆាំងនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ជាប្រចាំចំពោះអ្នកដែលគ្មានកត្តាហានិភ័យ។
\n\nការត្រឡប់មកវិញមានអារម្មណ៍យ៉ាងណា និងហេតុអ្វីបានជាបន្ទាត់តេស្តដែលស្រអាប់មិនដូចនឹងការឈឺម្តងទៀត
\n\nរោគសញ្ញានៃការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃជំងឺកូវីដបន្ទាប់ពីលេប Paxlovid ជាធម្មតាមើលទៅដូចជាការចាក់សារថ្មីនៃជុំទីមួយ៖ ក្អក ឈឺបំពង់ក ហៀរសំបោរ ឈឺក្បាល ភាព អស់កម្លាំងដែលធ្វើឱ្យរាងកាយទាំងមូលមានអារម្មណ៍ធ្ងន់ និងជួនកាលមានគ្រុនក្តៅកម្រិតទាប។ មនុស្សភាគច្រើនពិពណ៌នាថាវាស្រាលជាងជំងឺដំបូង។ សេចក្តីជូនដំណឹងសុខភាពរបស់ CDC ដែលបានជូនដំណឹងអំពីបាតុភូតនេះជាលើកដំបូង បានកត់សម្គាល់ថា របាយការណ៍ករណីដែលមាន ពិពណ៌នាអំពីជំងឺស្រាល ដោយគ្មានរបាយការណ៍អំពីជំងឺធ្ងន់ធ្ងរទេ។
\n\nនៅពេលនិយាយអំពីពេលវេលា សេចក្តីជូនដំណឹងឆ្នាំ ២០២២ នោះបានពិពណ៌នាអំពីការត្រឡប់មកវិញ ២ ទៅ ៨ ថ្ងៃ បន្ទាប់ពីជាសះស្បើយដំបូង។ ការណែនាំផ្នែកព្យាបាលបច្ចុប្បន្នរបស់ CDC បានពិពណ៌នាអំពីការកើតឡើងវិញនៃរោគសញ្ញា ឬការធ្វើតេស្តវិជ្ជមានថ្មី ៣ ទៅ ៧ ថ្ងៃ បន្ទាប់ពីជាសះស្បើយយ៉ាងច្បាស់លាស់។
\n\nភាពខុសគ្នាមួយមានសារៈសំខាន់ជាងអ្វីៗទាំងអស់។ ការធ្វើតេស្តវិជ្ជមានដោយប្រើ antigen ឬ PCR ដោយគ្មានរោគសញ្ញា គឺជាការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃមេរោគ។ រោគសញ្ញាត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃជំងឺកូវីដបន្ទាប់ពីលេប Paxlovid គឺជាការត្រឡប់មកវិញដែលមានរោគសញ្ញា។ ទាំងពីរមានសារៈសំខាន់ចំពោះមនុស្សដែលនៅជុំវិញអ្នក។ មួយក្នុងចំណោមពួកគេមានន័យថាអ្នកកំពុងឈឺម្តងទៀត ហើយមនុស្សភាគច្រើនដែលសម្លឹងមើលបន្ទាត់ទីពីរដែលស្រអាប់ កំពុងមើលឃើញនូវព្រឹត្តិការណ៍ដែលស្រាលជាង។
\n\nរយៈពេលនៃការត្រឡប់មកវិញ និងរយៈពេលនៃការឆ្លងមានពីរចម្លើយផ្សេងគ្នា
\n\nតើការត្រឡប់មកវិញនៃជំងឺកូវីដបន្ទាប់ពីលេប Paxlovid មានរយៈពេលប៉ុន្មាន ពិតជាមានពីរ សំណួរ។ រោគសញ្ញាជាធម្មតាមានរយៈពេលខ្លី។ របាយការណ៍ករណីរបស់ CDC បានពិពណ៌នាអំពីជំងឺស្រាលដែលបានជាសះស្បើយដោយខ្លួនឯង ជាទូទៅក្នុងរយៈពេលពីរបីថ្ងៃ ដោយមិនមានការព្យាបាលដោយថ្នាំប្រឆាំងមេរោគបន្ថែមទេ។
\n\nការបញ្ចេញមេរោគគឺជារឿងរ៉ាវដែលវែងជាង។ នេះជាអ្វីដែលទំព័រភាគច្រើននឹងមិនប្រាប់អ្នកទេ៖ នៅក្នុងការសិក្សា Mass General Brigham មនុស្សដែលមានការត្រឡប់មកវិញ បានបញ្ចេញមេរោគដែលអាចដាំដុះបាន ដែលមានន័យថា មេរោគមានជីវិត និងអាចឆ្លងបាន រយៈពេលប្រហែល ១៤ ថ្ងៃ ប្រៀបធៀបនឹងតិចជាង ៥ ថ្ងៃ ចំពោះអ្នកដែលមិនមានការត្រឡប់មកវិញ។ ការមានអារម្មណ៍ល្អជាង មិនមានន័យថាអ្នកមិនអាចឆ្លងបានទេ។ នោះហើយជាការពិតជាក់ស្តែងបំផុតតែមួយគត់នៅក្នុងអក្សរសាស្ត្រស្តីពីការត្រឡប់មកវិញ។ ការធ្វើតេស្ត antigen នៅផ្ទះក៏អាចនៅតែវិជ្ជមាន បន្ទាប់ពីរោគសញ្ញារបស់អ្នកបានបាត់ទៅហើយ ដែលជាមូលហេតុដែលការធ្វើតេស្តអវិជ្ជមានមិនមែនជាដែនកំណត់ដែល CDC ប្រើសម្រាប់ការត្រឡប់ទៅសកម្មភាពធម្មតាវិញទេ។
\n\nការធ្វើតេស្តវិជ្ជមានម្តងទៀតមានន័យថាត្រូវចាប់ផ្តើមដាក់ខ្លួនដាច់ដោយឡែកម្តងទៀត មិនមែនលេប Paxlovid ជាលើកទីពីរ
\n\nការធ្វើតេស្តវិជ្ជមានម្តងទៀត បន្ទាប់ពីលេប Paxlovid មានន័យថា អ្នកអាចនឹងឆ្លងម្តងទៀត ហើយការណែនាំសម្រាប់អ្នកជំងឺក្រៅរបស់ CDC បានណែនាំឱ្យអ្នកដែលជួបប្រទះការត្រឡប់មកវិញ ដាក់ខ្លួនដាច់ដោយឡែកម្តងទៀត ដើម្បីការពារការចម្លង។
\n\nការរាប់ថ្ងៃគឺជាកន្លែងដែលមនុស្សច្រឡំ។ ការណែនាំឆ្នាំ ២០២២ របស់ CDC គឺជាការចាប់ផ្តើមឡើងវិញរយៈពេល ៥ ថ្ងៃ។ នោះត្រូវបានជំនួសហើយ។ ការណែនាំបច្ចុប្បន្នប្រើប្រាស់លក្ខណៈវិនិច្ឆ័យរោគសញ្ញា និងគ្រុនក្តៅឆ្នាំ ២០២៤ វិញ៖ ให้នៅផ្ទះ រហូតដល់អ្នកគ្មានគ្រុនក្តៅរយៈពេល ២៤ ម៉ោង ដោយមិនប្រើថ្នាំកាត់បន្ថយគ្រុនក្តៅ និងរោគសញ្ញារបស់អ្នកកំពុងប្រសើរឡើង បន្ទាប់មក ត្រូវមានវិធានការការពារបន្ថែមរយៈពេល ៥ ថ្ងៃទៀត រួមទាំងការបិទបាំង ការរក្សាចម្ងាយ ការបង្កា ���� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� 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