He aha te Pōroki? Ngā Tohutohu, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te pōroki, e kiia ana hoki ko te miopia, te tikanga ka taea e koe te kite mārama i ngā mea e tata ana, engari ka mōrearea ngā mea tawhiti, kāore rānei e mārama. Ko tētahi o ngā raruraru tirohanga tino noa tēnei, e pā ana ki te tata ki te hawhe o ngā tāngata pakeke katoa i te United States.

Ka puta mai tēnei ina roa rawa te karu o tō kanohi, kāore rānei e tino pōtae te cornea (te wāhanga o mua o tō kanohi). Ka tau te mārama e tomo ana ki tō kanohi ki mua i tō retina, kāore i te tika ki runga, ka puta ai te mōrearea o ngā mea tawhiti.

He aha ngā tohu o te pōroki?

Ko te tohu matua o te pōroki ko te uaua ki te kite i ngā mea tawhiti mārama, ahakoa kei te mārama tonu te tirohanga tata. Ka kite pea koe i tēnei ina ngana ana koe ki te pānui i ngā tohu rori, ki te kite i te poari i te kura, ki te mohio rānei ki ngā kanohi mai i tetahi taha o te ruma.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu noa ka pā pea ki a koe:

• Te mōrearea o te tirohanga ina titiro ana ki ngā mea tawhiti
• Te pēhi i ngā kanohi kia kite ai i ngā mea tawhiti mārama ake
• Ngā mamae o te upoko mai i te ngākawe o ngā kanohi
• Te ngākawe o ngā kanohi, ina koa i muri i te taraiwa, i ngā hākinakina rānei
• Te pupuhi pinepine, te mirimiri rānei i ō kanohi
• Te uaua ki te kite i te pō, i te mārama ngoikore rānei

I ngā tamariki, ka kite pea koe kei te noho tata atu rātou ki te pouaka whakaata, kei te pupuri i ngā pukapuka tata ki o rātou mata, kāore rānei e mohio ki ngā mea tawhiti. Ka uaua pea ētahi tamariki ki te kura ki te kore e taea e rātou te kite mārama i te papa.

Ka puta mā te iti iho ngā tohu nei, na reira pea kāore koe e kite tonu i a rātou. Ko te rongo pai, i te wā kua whakatauhia, ka taea te whakatika ngāwari i te pōroki mā ngā karāhe, ngā hononga, kāore rānei he pokanga.

He aha ngā momo pōroki?

He maha ngā momo pōroki, ā, ko te mārama ki te momo kei a koe ka āwhina i tō tākuta kanohi ki te whiriwhiri i te huarahi maimoatanga pai. Ko te nuinga o ngā take kei roto i ngā kāwai e rua e whakaū ana i te kino me te take.

Ko te miopia ngāwari te momo tino noa. Ka puta mai i te nuinga i te tamarikitanga, i ngā tau taitamariki rānei, ā, ka pumau i te tīmatanga o te pakeketanga. Ko tēnei momo te iti ki te waenga, ā, ka whakautu pai ki ngā karāhe, ki ngā hononga karāhe rānei.

Ko te miopia teitei, e kiia ana hoki ko te miopia mate, he nui ake te kino. Ki te kaha ake tō rongoā i te -6.00 diopters, pea kei a koe te miopia teitei. Ka haere tonu te kino o tēnei momo i te ora katoa, ā, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru kanohi nui penei i te wehewehenga retina, i te glaucoma rānei.

He miopia whakaheke hoki, he momo onge engari he kino, kei te haere tonu te karu o te kanohi e totoro ana, e roa ana. Ka puta mai tēnei i ngā raruraru tirohanga nui, ā, ka hiahia ki te tiaki motuhake mai i te tohunga kanohi.

He aha ngā take o te pōroki?

Ka puta te pōroki ina tino roa te tipu o tō kanohi mai i mua ki muri, kāore rānei e tino pōtae te cornea me te karu i te mārama. Ki te kore e tau tika te mārama ki tō retina, ka tau ki mua i a ia, ka puta ai te tirohanga tawhiti mōrearea.

He maha ngā take ka āwhina ki te whanake i te pōroki:

• Ngā ira - ki te pōroki ō mātua, ka nui ake te tūponotanga kia pōroki koe hoki
• Te mahi tata nui penei i te pānui, te whakamahi rorohiko, i ngā mahi toi taipitopito rānei
• Te iti o te wā i whakapau i waho, ina koa i te tamarikitanga
• Ngā take taiao penei i te mārama kino i te wā e pānui ana
• Te whānau wawe, te iti rānei o te taumaha whānau

Ka whakaatu mai ngā rangahau hou kei ngā tamariki e whakapau ana i te wā roa atu ki waho he iti ake te pōroki. Ko te mārama taiao me te tirohanga tawhiti e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mahi waho ka āwhina pea ki te tiaki i ngā kanohi e whanake ana.

I etahi wā onge, ka puta mai te pōroki i ētahi atu āhuatanga kanohi penei i te keratoconus (cornea āhua kōnui) i ngā cataracts rānei. Ka taea hoki e ētahi rongoā, ina koa ētahi rongoā mate huaketo, te whakaeke wā poto i te pōroki.

Nōhea te haere ki te tākuta mō te pōroki?

Me whakarite e koe tētahi whakamātau kanohi ki te uaua ana koe ki te kite i ngā mea tawhiti mārama, ki te ngākawe rānei o ngā kanohi. Ko te kite wawe me te maimoatanga ka ārai i tō tirohanga kei te kino haere, ā, ka āwhina i a koe kia kite marie.

Whakatau rātou ki te tohunga tiaki kanohi ki te kite koe i:

• Te mōrearea o te tirohanga e ārai ana i ngā mahi o ia rā
• Ngā mamae o te upoko pinepine, te ngākawe rānei o ngā kanohi
• Te uaua ki te taraiwa, ina koa i te pō
• Te pēhi i ngā kanohi kia kite ai i ngā mea tawhiti
• Ngā huringa i ō hiahia rongoā o nāianei

Mō ngā tamariki, kia titiro ki ngā tohu penei i te noho tata rawa atu ki te pouaka whakaata, te pupuri i ngā pukapuka tata rawa atu, te kōrero rānei mō te kore e taea te kite i te papa i te kura. Me whai whakamātau kanohi whānui tuatahi ngā tamariki i te tau 3, katahi ka noa i ngā tau kura.

Rapua te awhina hauora tonu ki te pāngia koe e ngā huringa tirohanga ohorere, ngā rama pupuhi, te atarangi āhua kāpeti rānei i tō tirohanga. Ka taea e ēnei te tohu o ngā raruraru nui, ina koa ki te miopia teitei kei a koe.

He aha ngā take tūponotanga mō te pōroki?

He maha ngā take ka nui ake te tūponotanga kia whanake koe i te pōroki, ahakoa ko te whai i ngā take tūponotanga kāore e whakamana ka pōroki koe. Ko te mārama ki ēnei ka āwhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā mahi hei tiaki i tō tirohanga.

Ko te take tūponotanga tino kaha ko te hītori whānau. Ki te pōroki tētahi mātua, he 25% te tūponotanga kia whanake koe i a ia. Ki te pōroki ngā mātua e rua, ka piki te tūponotanga ki te 50%.

Ko ngā take oranga e piki ake ai tō tūponotanga ko:

• Te whakapau i te wā roa ki ngā mahi tata penei i te pānui, i te mahi rorohiko rānei
• Te iti o te wā waho, ina koa i te tamarikitanga
• Te mārama kino i te wā e mahi tata ana
• Ngā taumata mātauranga teitei, i te mahi mātauranga nui rānei
• Te noho i ngā takiwa taone me te iti o te uru atu ki ngā wāhi waho

Ka takaro hoki te tau. Ka puta mai te pōroki i waenga i ngā tau 6 me te 14, i te wā kei te tipu tonu ngā kanohi. Heoi, ka taea te puta mai te miopia pakeke, ina koa ki ngā tāngata e mahi ana i te mahi tata.

Ka taea hoki e ētahi āhuatanga hauora onge penei i te mate Marfan, i te mate Down rānei te piki ake i te tūponotanga o te pōroki. Ka nui ake pea te tūponotanga o ngā pēpi wawe ki te whanake i ngā raruraru tirohanga, tae atu ki te miopia.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te pōroki?

Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e whai ana i te pōroki iti ki te waenga e ora ana i te ora noa, hauora, me te whakatika tirohanga tika. Heoi, ko te mārama ki ngā raruraru pea ka āwhina i a koe kia tūpato ki tō hauora kanohi.

Mō te hunga e whai ana i te miopia teitei (rongoā kaha atu i te -6.00), he maha ngā raruraru nui hei matapaki:

• Te wehewehenga retina - ina wehe te retina i muri o tō kanohi
• Glaucoma - te piki o te pehanga i roto i te kanohi ka taea te kino i te uaua tirohanga
• Cataracts - te pupuhi o te karu taiao o te kanohi
• Te miopia maculopathy - te kino o te wāhanga waenganui o te retina
• Te whanaketanga o te toto choroidal - te tipu o te oko toto koretake i roto i te kanohi

He onge ēnei raruraru, engari ka taea te kino ki te kore e maimoatia. Ko ngā whakamātau kanohi noa he mea nui ina whai koe i te miopia teitei, i te kite wawe me te maimoatanga ka taea te ārai i te ngaro o te tirohanga.

Ahakoa ko te pōroki iti ka taea te whakaeke i ngā wero o ia rā me te kore he whakatika tika. Ka pāngia pea koe e te ngākawe o ngā kanohi, ngā mamae o te upoko, te uaua rānei ki ngā mahi penei i te taraiwa, i ngā hākinakina rānei. Ko te rongo pai, ka taea te ārai ngāwari i ēnei take mā ngā karāhe tika, mā ngā hononga rānei.

Me pēhea te ārai i te pōroki?

Ahakoa kāore e taea e koe te ārai katoa i te pōroki, ina koa ki te rere i roto i tō whānau, he maha ngā mahi ka taea e koe te tango hei whakaiti i tō tūponotanga, hei whakaheke rānei i tōna ahu whakamua. Ko ēnei tikanga he mea nui mō ngā tamariki kei te tipu tonu ō rātou kanohi.

Ko te rautaki ārai tino whai hua ko te whakatenatena i te wā waho. Ka whakaatu mai ngā rangahau kei ngā tamariki e whakapau ana i te 90 meneti neke atu ki waho i ia rā he iti ake te pōroki. Ko te mārama taiao me te tirohanga tawhiti e hiahiatia ana ki waho ka tiaki pea i ngā kanohi e whanake ana.

Ko ēnei ētahi atu rautaki ārai whai hua:

• Tangohia ngā okioki noa mai i te mahi tata mā te whakamahi i te ture 20-20-20
• Kia pai te mārama i te wā e pānui ana, e whakamahi ana rānei i ngā mata
• Pupuri i ngā pukapuka me ngā taputapu i ngā tawhiti tika (tata ki te roa o te ringa)
• Whakamāmā i te wā mata nui, ina koa mō ngā tamariki iti
• Whiwhi whakamātau kanohi whānui noa

Ko te ture 20-20-20 he ngāwari: i ia meneti 20, titiro ki tetahi mea 20 waewae te tawhiti mō te 20 hēkona neke atu. Ka hoatu tēnei ki ō uaua aro ki te okioki me te tautuhi.

Ki te rere te pōroki i roto i tō whānau, ka nui ake te hiranga o ēnei rautaki ārai. Ahakoa he tino mahi ngā ira, ka taea tonu e ngā take oranga te whakarereke whai hua ki te whanaketanga tirohanga o tō tamaiti.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te pōroki?

Ko te whakatau i te pōroki kei roto he whakamātau kanohi whānui kāore i te mamae, ā, he ngāwari. Ka whakamahi tō tohunga tiaki kanohi i ngā whakamātau maha hei whakatau mena kei te pōroki koe me te nui o te kino.

Ka tīmata te tukanga i te whakamātau mārama tirohanga, kei reira koe e pānui ai i ngā reta i runga i te tūtohu mai i tetahi taha o te ruma. Ka āwhina tēnei whakamātau noa ki te ine i te mārama o tō kite i ngā tawhiti rerekē.

Ka mahi hoki tō tākuta kanohi i ēnei whakamātau nui:

• Te whakamātau refraction hei whakatau i tō rongoā tika
• Retinoscopy hei tirotiro i te āhua o te mārama e whakaata ana i tō retina
• Te ine autorefractor mō ngā whakatau rongoā tuatahi
• Te whakamātau kanohi whānui hei tirotiro i te hauora o tō retina me te uaua tirohanga
• Te topography corneal hei whakaahua i te āhua o tō mata corneal

I te wā o te whakamātau refraction, ka titiro koe i ngā karāhe rerekē i te wā e pānui ana i te tūtohu kanohi. Ka ui tō tākuta "Ko tehea te mārama ake, kotahi kāore rānei e rua?" i te wā e whakatika ana rātou i tō rongoā. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakatau i te kaha karāhe tika e hiahiatia ana hei whakatika i tō tirohanga.

Mō ngā tamariki, i ngā tāngata kāore e taea te korero mārama, ka taea e ngā whakamātau whakaū penei i te retinoscopy te ine i te pōroki me te kore e hiahia ana ki ngā whakautu. Ko te whakamātau katoa e 30-60 meneti te roa, ā, ka hoatu he whakaahua whānui o tō hauora kanohi.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te pōroki?

Ko te rongo pai mō te pōroki ko te ngāwari ki te maimoatanga mā ngā whiringa maha, haumaru, whai hua. Ka āwhina tō tohunga tiaki kanohi i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i te huarahi pai e whakaū ana i tō oranga, i tō tau, i te taumata o te pōroki.

Ko ngā karāhe te whiringa tuatahi i te nuinga, ina koa mō ngā tamariki me ngā kaiwhakamahi karāhe tuatahi. Ko ngā karāhe hou he angiangi, he māmā, ā, kei te wātea i roto i ngā anga ataahua maha. Ko te whiringa haumaru hoki tēnei me te kore he tūponotanga o te mate kanohi, i ngā raruraru rānei.

He maha ngā painga o ngā hononga karāhe:

• Te whānuitanga tirohanga whānui ake me te kore ngā taha anga
• Te pai ake mō ngā hākinakina me ngā oranga mahi
• Te kore e pupuhi i ngā huringa āhuarangi
• Te ahua taiao ake
• Kei te wātea i roto i ngā whiringa o ia rā, o ia wiki, o ia marama rānei

Mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te koretake i ngā karāhe me ngā hononga, ka taea e te pokanga whakatika penei i te LASIK te whakatika tonu i te pōroki. Ka hanga hou ēnei tukanga i tō cornea kia tau tika ai te mārama ki tō retina. Ko te pokanga te nuinga e waiho ana mō ngā tāngata pakeke kua pumau tō rongoā mō te tau kotahi neke atu.

He maha hoki ngā maimoatanga motuhake mō te whakaheke i te ahu whakamua o te pōroki i ngā tamariki, tae atu ki ngā hononga karāhe motuhake, ngā matū kanohi, me te orthokeratology (ngā karāhe whakahou po). Ka taea e tō tākuta kanohi te kōrero mena ka pai ēnei whiringa mō tō tamaiti.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te pōroki i te kāinga?

Ahakoa he mea nui te maimoatanga ngaio mō te whakatika i te pōroki, he maha ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi i te kāinga hei tiaki i ō kanohi me te pupuri i te tirohanga marie. Ka taea hoki e ēnei tikanga te āwhina i te ārai i tō pōroki kei te kino haere.

Ko te mārama pai he nui te rerekētanga i te whakaiti i te ngākawe o ngā kanohi. I te wā e pānui ana, e mahi tata ana rānei, whakamahia te mārama mārama, rite, e whakamārama ana i tō mahi me te kore e hanga i te mārama. Whakatūria tō puna mārama ki te taha kāore i te tika ki runga kia whakaiti ai i ngā atarangi.

Whakamahia ngā tikanga mata hauora e tautoko ana i tō marie kanohi:

• Whai i te ture 20-20-20 i te wā e mahi ana i te rorohiko
• Pupuri i ngā mata i te roa o te ringa (tata ki te 20-24 inihi te tawhiti)
• Whakatika i te mārama mata kia rite ki ō taiao
• Whakamahia ngā rahi tuhinga nui ake hei whakaiti i te pēhi
• Pupuhi pinepine kia mau tonu ngā kanohi

Ko te tiaki tika i ō karāhe, i ō hononga karāhe rānei ka whakarite i te tirohanga mārama, marie. Horoi ō karāhe i ia rā mā te horoi karāhe me te kākahu microfibre. Ki te whakamahi koe i ngā hononga, whai i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta kanohi tika mō te horoi, te pupuri, me te whakakapi i a rātou.

Kia mahara ki te hoatu i ō kanohi ki ngā okioki noa mai i te mahi tata. Ahakoa he mea ngāwari penei i te titiro ki waho o te matapihi mō ngā meneti torutoru ka āwhina ki te okioki i ō uaua aro me te whakaiti i te ngākawe.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakatau tākuta kanohi?

Ko te whakarite mō tō whakatau kanohi ka āwhina i te whakarite ka whiwhi koe i te whakatau tino tika me ngā tohutohu maimoatanga pai. Ka taea e te whakarite iti te mahi nui ake i tō haerenga me te whai mōhio ake.

I mua i tō whakatau, kohikohia ngā mōhiohio nui mō tō tirohanga me tō hītori hauora. Tuhia ētahi tohu kua kite koe, i te wā i tīmata ai rātou, me te aha e pai ake ai, e kino ake rānei. Ka āwhina tēnei i tō tākuta ki te mārama ki ō awangawanga motuhake.

Kawe mai ēnei taonga nui ki tō whakatau:

• Ō karāhe me ō hononga karāhe o nāianei
• Rārangi o ngā rongoā me ngā taapiri katoa e tangohia ana e koe
• Ngā kāri inihua me te whakamārama
• Te hītori whānau o ngā raruraru kanohi
• Ngā pūrongo e hiahia ana koe ki te ui ki tō tākuta

Ki te whiwhi koe i te whakamātau kanohi whānui, ka taea te whakarewa i ō ngākau mā ngā matū kanohi. Ka taea e tēnei te mōrearea i tō tirohanga me te mārama-whaiaro mō te 2-4 haora i muri mai. Whakaarohia te kawe mai i ngā karāhe rā me te whakarite kia haere mai tetahi ki te taraiwa i a koe ki te kāinga.

Kaua e kakahu i ngā hononga karāhe ki tō whakatau ki te taea, ina koa ki te whiwhi koe i te whakakakahu mō ētahi hou. Ka hiahia ō kanohi ki te wā hei hoki mai ki tō rātou āhua taiao mō ngā ine tino tika.

He aha te mea nui mō te pōroki?

Ko te pōroki he āhuatanga tino noa, he tino maimoatia hoki e pā ana ki te tata ki te hawhe o ngā tāngata pakeke katoa. Ko te mea nui hei mahara ko te tirohanga mārama, marie, he mea tino taea ki te huarahi maimoatanga tika.

Ahakoa ka whiriwhiri koe i ngā karāhe, i ngā hononga, i te pokanga rānei, ko ngā whiringa whakatika tirohanga hou he haumaru ake, he whai hua ake i mua. Ko ngā whakamātau kanohi noa ka whakarite i tō rongoā kei te noa, ā, ka āwhina ki te hopu i ngā raruraru wawe, ina koa ki te miopia teitei kei a koe.

Mō ngā mātua, ko te whakatenatena i te takaro waho me te whakamāmā i te mahi tata nui ka āwhina ki te tiaki i te tirohanga e whanake ana o tō tamaiti. Ahakoa ki te rere te pōroki i roto i tō whānau, ka taea e ēnei huringa oranga te whakarereke whai hua.

Ko te take nui ko tēnei: kāore te pōroki e hiahia ki te whakatau i tō oranga i tetahi huarahi. Mā te tiaki tika me te maimoatanga, ka taea e koe te pai ki te tirohanga mārama me te pupuri i ngā kanohi hauora mō ngā tau maha e haere mai ana. Ko tō tohunga tiaki kanohi tō hoa pai ki te whakatutuki me te pupuri i te hauora tirohanga pai rawa atu.

Ngā pūrongo e ui pinepinetia ana mō te pōroki

Ka taea te whakaora i te pōroki mā te taiao?

Ahakoa kāore he rongoā taiao mō te pōroki, ka taea e ētahi huringa oranga te āwhina i te whakaheke i tōna ahu whakamua, ina koa i ngā tamariki. Ko te whakapau i te wā roa atu ki waho, te tango i ngā okioki noa mai i te mahi tata, me te pupuri i te mārama pai ka tautoko i te hauora kanohi. Heoi, ko te whakatika tirohanga mā ngā karāhe, ngā hononga, i te pokanga rānei he mea tika tonu kia kite mārama i te tawhiti. Kia tupato ki ngā hua, ki ngā whakamātau rānei e kī ana ki te "whakaora" i te pōroki mā te taiao, i te mea kāore ēnei e tautokona e ngā mōhiohio pūtaiao.

Ka haere tonu te kino o taku pōroki?

Mō te nuinga o ngā tāngata, ka pumau te pōroki i te tīmatanga o te pakeketanga, i te tekau tau rua tekau mā rua pea. Heoi, ka pāngia pea ētahi i ngā huringa iti i te ora katoa. Ko te miopia teitei te tūponotanga nui ake ki te haere tonu te ahu whakamua. Ko ngā whakamātau kanohi noa ka āwhina ki te tirotiro i ngā huringa i tō rongoā. Ki te kite koe i ngā huringa tirohanga i waenga i ngā whakamātau, kaua e tatari - whakaritea tētahi whakatau kia whakarite tonu ai tō whakatika.

He haumaru mō ngā tamariki te whakamahi i ngā hononga karāhe?

Ae, ka taea e ngā hononga karāhe te haumaru mō ngā tamariki e tino pakeke ana ki te whakahaere tika i a rātou. Ko te nuinga o ngā tohunga tiaki kanohi e whakaaro ana ko te tau 10-12 he mea tika mō te tīmatanga o ngā hononga, ahakoa ka rite pea ētahi tamariki i mua, i muri rānei. Ko ngā take matua ko te kaha o te tamaiti ki te whai i ngā tohutohu hauora, te whakauru me te tango i ngā hononga mā te haumaru, me te korero i ngā raruraru. Ko ngā hononga whakamahi o ia rā te nuinga e tūtohutia ana mō ngā tamariki i te mea ko te whiringa hauora rawa atu tēnei.

Ka taea e ngā mata te whakaeke i te pōroki?

Ahakoa kāore ngā mata anō e whakaeke tika i te pōroki, ka taea e te wā mata tata nui te whakauru ki tōna whanaketanga, ina koa i ngā tamariki. Kāore te take i te mata anō, engari ko te arotahi tata roa me te iti o te wā waho e haere tahi ana i te whakamahinga mata nui. Ko te whai i te ture 20-20-20, te pupuri i te tawhiti mata tika, me te taurite i te wā mata me ngā mahi waho ka āwhina pea ki te tiaki i tō tirohanga.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te pōroki me te tirohanga tawhiti?

Ko te pōroki te tikanga ka kite koe i ngā mea tata mārama, engari ka mōrearea ngā mea tawhiti. Ko te tirohanga tawhiti te mea ke - ka mārama pea ngā mea tawhiti atu i ngā mea tata, ahakoa he maha ngā tāngata tirohanga tawhiti e uaua ana ki te arotahi i ngā tawhiti katoa. Ka puta te pōroki ina roa rawa te karu o te kanohi, i te poto rawa rānei. Ka taea te whakatika ngāwari i ngā āhuatanga e rua mā ngā karāhe, ngā hononga, i te pokanga rānei, engari ka hiahia rātou ki ngā rongoā karāhe rerekē.