Encephalitis

Ko te encephalitis (en-sef-uh-LIE-tis) he mumura o te roro. Ka taea te whakaeke e ngā mate huaketo, mate huakita rānei, te whakaeke rānei a ngā pūtau ārai mate ki te roro. Ko ngā huaketo ka taea te arahi ki te encephalitis ka horahia e ngā pepeke penei i ngā namu me ngā nakahi.

Ka kiia ko te encephalitis mate huaketo te mumura i whakaeketia e te mate i roto i te roro. Ā, ka kiia ko te encephalitis ārai mate te whakaeke a te pūnaha ārai mate ki te roro. Ūa, kahore he take e mohiotia ana.

Ka taea e te encephalitis te arahi ki te mate. He mea nui te tātaritanga me te whakaora tonu, nā te mea he uaua te kī he pēhea te pānga o te encephalitis ki ia tangata.

Ka taea e te encephalitis te whakaoho i te maha o ngā tohu rerekē tae atu ki te whakapohehe, ngā huringa o te tuakiri, ngā hopu, te raruraru rānei ki te nekehanga. Ka taea hoki e te encephalitis te whakaoho i ngā huringa o te tirohanga, o te rongohanga rānei.

Ko te nuinga o te hunga e pangia ana e te encephalitis mate pāwera he tohu rite ki te mate huka, pēnei i:

• Te mamae o te mahunga.
• Te kirika.
• Ngā mamae i roto i ngā uaua, i ngā hononga rānei.
• Te ngenge, te ngoikore rānei.

I te nuinga, ka whai ake ētahi atu tohu kino ake i roto i ngā haora ki ngā rā, pēnei i:

• Te kaki kī.
• Te whakapohehe, te ngangau, te whāinga rānei.
• Ngā hopu.
• Te ngaro o te āhua, te kore rānei e taea te neke i ētahi wāhi o te mata, o te tinana rānei.
• Ngā nekehanga koretake.
• Te ngoikore o ngā uaua.
• Te raruraru ki te kōrero, ki te whakarongo rānei.
• Te ngaro o te mohio, tae atu ki te coma.

I ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki iti, ka uru mai hoki ngā tohu, pēnei i:

• Te pupuhi o ngā wāhi ngawari o te anga o te pēpi.
• Te ruaki.
• Te kī o te tinana katoa.
• Te kai iti, te kore rānei e oho ki te kai.
• Te riri.

Ko tētahi o ngā tohu nui o te encephalitis i ngā pēpi ko te pupuhi o te wāhi ngawari, e mohiotia ana hoki ko te fontanel, o te anga o te pēpi. Kei konei te whakaahua o te fontanel o mua. Kei ngā taha me te muri o te matenga o te pēpi ētahi atu fontanels.

I te encephalitis autoimmune, ka tino puea haere ngā tohu i roto i ngā wiki maha. He iti ake te noho o ngā tohu rite ki te mate huka, engari ka taea pea te puta i ngā wiki i mua i te tīmatanga o ngā tohu kino ake. He rerekē ngā tohu mō te tangata katoa, engari he mea noa ki te hunga he whakakotahitanga o ngā tohu, tae atu ki:

• Ngā huringa o te tuakiri.
• Te ngaro o te mahara.
• Te raruraru ki te mārama he aha te mea pono, he aha te mea kāore, e mohiotia ana ko te psychosis.
• Te kite, te whakarongo rānei ki ngā mea kāore i reira, e mohiotia ana ko ngā whāinga.
• Ngā hopu.
• Ngā huringa o te tirohanga.
• Ngā raruraru moe.
• Te ngoikore o ngā uaua.
• Te ngaro o te āhua.
• Te raruraru ki te hikoi.
• Ngā nekehanga koretake.
• Ngā tohu o te pūkahukahu me te whekau.

Rapua te tiaki hauora i te wa poto mena ka pā atu koe ki tetahi o ngā tohu kino ake e hono ana ki te encephalitis. Ko te mamae o te mahunga, te kirika me te huringa o te hinengaro e hiahia ana ki te tiaki wawe. Ko ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki iti e whai tohu ana o te encephalitis e hiahia ana hoki ki te tiaki wawe.

I te tata ki te haurua o ngā turoro, ka kore e mōhiotia te take tino o te encephalitis.

I ngā tāngata i kitea he take mō rātou, e rua ngā momo matua o te encephalitis:

• Encephalitis ngā mate pukupuku. Ko te tikanga ka puta tēnei āhuatanga ina pā te huaketo ki te roro. Ka pā pea te mate ki tētahi wāhi, ki te horapa rānei. Ko ngā huaketo te take tino nui o te encephalitis ngā mate pukupuku, tae atu ki ētahi ka taea te tuku e ngā namu, e ngā nakahi rānei. Ko te tino onge, ka puta pea te encephalitis i te huakita, te harore, te paraeito rānei.
• Encephalitis whai-a-kino. Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga ina werohia he roro e ō ake pūtau mate pukupuku, kāore rānei e hanga ngā antibodies e āta whai ana i ngā pūmua me ngā kaiwhiwhi i te roro. Kāore i tino mōhiotia te take tino o te putanga o tēnei. I etahi wā, ka taea te whakaoho i te encephalitis whai-a-kino e ngā mate pukupuku pūngāwerewere, kāore rānei i te pūngāwerewere, e kiia ana ko ngā mate pūngāwerewere o te pūnaha io. Ka taea te whakaoho i ētahi atu momo encephalitis whai-a-kino penei i te encephalomyelitis horapa nui (ADEM) e te mate i roto i te tinana. E mohiotia ana tenei ko te encephalitis whai-a-kino muri-mate. I te nuinga o ngā wā, kāore i kitea he whakaoho mō te whakautu mate pukupuku.

Ina ngau te namu i te manu kua pangia, ka tomo te huaketo ki te toto o te namu, ka neke atu ki ona whekau waha. Ina ngau te namu kua pangia i te kararehe, i te tangata rānei, e kiia ana ko te kai, ka tukuna te huaketo ki te toto o te kai, kei reira pea e pāngia ai te mate kino.

Ko ngā huaketo ka taea te whakaoho i te encephalitis:

• Te huaketo herpes simplex (HSV). Ka taea e te HSV momo 1 me te HSV momo 2 te whakaoho i te encephalitis. Ko te HSV momo 1 te take o ngā pupuhi makariri me ngā pupuhi ki te waha, ko te HSV momo 2 te take o te herpes ira tangata. Ko te encephalitis i whakaohotia e te HSV momo 1 he onge, engari ka taea te puta he kino nui ki te roro, ki te mate rānei.
• Ētahi atu huaketo herpes. Kei roto i ēnei te huaketo Epstein-Barr, e tino whakaoho ana i te mononucleosis mate pukupuku, me te huaketo varicella-zoster, e tino whakaoho ana i te mate moa me te shingles.
• Enteroviruses. Kei roto i ēnei huaketo te huaketo polio me te huaketo coxsackie, e tino whakaoho ana i te mate me ngā tohu rite ki te mate huka, te mumura o te kanohi me te mamae o te kopu.
• Ngā huaketo e kawehia ana e ngā namu. Ka taea e ēnei huaketo te whakaoho i ngā mate pēnei i te West Nile, La Crosse, St. Louis, te equine hauauru me te equine rawhiti encephalitis. Ka puta pea ngā tohu o te mate i roto i ngā rā torutoru ki ngā wiki rua i muri i te whakamahinga ki te huaketo e kawehia ana e te namu.
• Ngā huaketo e kawehia ana e ngā nakahi. Ko te huaketo Powassan e kawehia ana e ngā nakahi, ā, ka whakaoho i te encephalitis i te Waenganui o te United States. Ko te tikanga ka puta ngā tohu i te wiki tata ki te wiki i muri i te ngau mai i te nakahi kua pangia.
• Te huaketo rabies. Ko te pangia e te huaketo rabies, e tukuhia ana e te ngau mai i te kararehe kua pangia, ka whakaoho i te tere o te encephalitis ina tīmata ngā tohu. He onge te rabies hei take o te encephalitis i te United States.

Ka taea e te tangata tetahi te whanake i te encephalitis. Ko ngā take ka piki ake pea te tūponotanga ko: Te Tau. He maha atu ngā momo encephalitis e tino kitea ana, e tino kino rānei i roto i ētahi rōpū tau. I te nuinga, ko ngā tamariki iti me ngā kaumātua kei te nui ake te tūponotanga o te nuinga o ngā momo encephalitis huaketo. I te āhua rite, ko ētahi momo encephalitis autoimmune e tino kitea ana i roto i ngā tamariki me ngā tāne taitamariki, engari ko ētahi atu e tino kitea ana i roto i ngā kaumātua. Te pūnaha ārai kino. Ko te hunga he HIV/AIDS, e inu ana i ngā rongoā whakaiti pūnaha ārai, kei tetahi atu āhuatanga rānei e pā ana ki te pūnaha ārai ngoikore kei te nui ake te tūponotanga o te encephalitis. Ngā rohe whenua. Ko ngā huaketo e kawe ana i ngā namu, i ngā nakahi rānei e tino kitea ana i ētahi rohe whenua motuhake. Te wā o te tau. Ko ngā mate e kawe ana i ngā namu me ngā nakahi e tino kitea ana i te raumati i ngā wāhi maha o te United States. Te mate autoimmune. Ko te hunga kua pangia e te āhuatanga autoimmune pea ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te whanake i te encephalitis autoimmune. Te whakakī. Ka piki ake te whakakī i ngā tūponotanga o te whanake i te mate pūkahukahu, ka piki ake i reira te tūponotanga o te whanake i ngā mate paraneoplastic tae atu ki te encephalitis.

Ko ngā raruraru o te encephalitis ka rerekē, kei runga i ngā take pēnei i:

• Tō tau.
• Te take o tō mate.
• Te kaha o tō mate tuatahi.
• Te wā mai i te tīmatanga o te mate ki te rongoā.

Ko te nuinga o te hunga e ngāwari ana te mate ka ora i roto i ngā wiki torutoru kahore he raruraru roa.

Ka taea e te mumura te whara i te roro, ā, pea ka mate rānei, ka moe rānei.

Ka taea e ētahi atu raruraru te roa atu i ngā marama, kāore rānei e mutu. Ka rerekē haere ngā raruraru, ā, ka uru atu ki:

• Te ngenge e kore e ngaro.
• Te ngoikore, te kore ranei o te whakahaere i ngā uaua.
• Ngā huringa o te ahua.
• Ngā raruraru māhara.
• Ngā huringa o te rongohere, o te tirohanga rānei.
• Te raruraru ki te kōrero.

Ko te huarahi pai rawa hei ārai i te encephalitis huaketo ko te whakamahi i ngā kaupapa hei ārai i te whakawhāiti ki ngā huaketo ka taea te whakaeke i te mate. Whakamātauria te:

• Whakahaere i te horoi pai. Horoia ngā ringa i te nuinga me te tino pai ki te hopi me te wai, ina koa i muri i te whakamahinga o te wharepaku, me te wā i mua atu me muri i te kai.
• Kaua e tuwhaina ngā taputapu. Kaua e tuwhaina ngā taputapu kai me ngā inu.
• Akohia ō tamariki ki ngā tikanga pai. Kia mau ratou ki te horoi pai me te karo i te tuwhaina o ngā taputapu kai i te kāinga me te kura.
• Whiwhi i ngā inopu. Kia mau tonu ō inopu me ngā inopu a ō tamariki. I mua i te haere, kōrero atu ki tō kaimahi hauora mō ngā inopu e taunakitia ana mō ngā wāhi rerekē. Hei whakaiti i tō whakawhāiti ki ngā namu me ngā nakahi:
• Kakahu hei tiaki i a koe. Kakahu i ngā koti ringa roa me ngā tarau roa i waho. He mea nui tēnei, ina koa ki te kei waho koe i waenga i te pō me te ata ka tino kaha haere ai ngā namu. He mea nui hoki ina kei te wāhi ngahere koe me ngā tarutaru teitei me ngā rakau e noho ana ngā nakahi.
• Whakamahia te rongoā namu. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā matū penei i te DEET ki te kiri me ngā kakahu. Hei whakamahi i te rongoā ki tō mata, pūhaina ki ō ringa ka mutu ka horoia ki tō mata. Ki te whakamahi koe i te kirirakau me te rongoā, whakamahia te kirirakau tuatahi.
• Whakamahia te whakamate pepeke. Kei te tūtohutia e te Environmental Protection Agency te whakamahinga o ngā hua kei roto te permethrin, e whakakore ana i ngā nakahi me ngā namu. Ka taea te pūhaina ēnei hua ki ngā kakahu, ngā teneti me ētahi atu taputapu i waho. Kaua e whakamahi i te permethrin ki te kiri.
• Arai i ngā namu. Mawehe atu i ngā wāhi e noho ana ngā namu. Ki te taea, kaua e mahi i ngā mahi i waho i te pō tae noa ki te ata ka tino kaha haere ai ngā namu. Whakatikahia ngā matapihi me ngā mata e pakaru ana.
• Whakakorea ngā puna wai i waho o tō kāinga. Whakakorea te wai e tu ana i tō pā, kei reira ngā namu e whakatakoto ana i ō hua. Ko ngā wāhi noa ko ngā ipu puawai, ngā ipu māori, ngā tuanui papatahi, ngā taira tawhito, me ngā ngongo kōtui.
• Rapua ngā tohu o te mate huaketo i waho. Ki te kite koe i ngā manu, kararehe rānei e mate ana, whakamōhiotia ō tirohanga ki tō tari hauora rohe. Kāore e tūtohutia ngā rongoā namu mō te whakamahinga ki ngā pēpi kei raro i te 2 marama te pakeke. Engari, hipoki te kawe pēpi, te kāreti rānei ki te whatu namu. Mō ngā pēpi pakeke me ngā tamariki, e whakaarohia ana he haumaru ngā rongoā kei roto te 10% ki te 30% DEET. Kāore e tūtohutia ngā hua kei roto te DEET me te kirirakau mō ngā tamariki. Koinei te take nā te whakamahinga anō mō te tiaki kirirakau ka taea te whakaatu i te tamaiti ki te nui rawa o te DEET. Ko ngā tohutohu mō te whakamahinga o te rongoā namu ki ngā tamariki ko:
• Āwhina tonu i ngā tamariki ki te whakamahinga o te rongoā namu.
• Pūhaina ki ngā kakahu me te kiri e kitea ana.
• Whakamahia te rongoā ina kei waho koe hei whakaiti i te tūpono o te manawa i te rongoā.
• Pūhaina te rongoā ki ō ringa ka mutu ka whakamahi ki te mata o tō tamaiti. Kia tupato ki te taha o ngā kanohi me ngā taringa.
• Kaua e whakamahi i te rongoā ki ngā ringa o ngā tamariki iti ka taea te whakauru i ō ringa ki ō waha.
• Horoia te kiri i te hopi me te wai ina tae koe ki roto.

Hei whakatau i te encephalitis, ka whakahaere te mema o tō rōpū hauora he whakamātau tinana, ā, ka tango i tō hītori hauora.

Ka taea e tō kaimahi hauora te tūtohutia:

• Whakaahua o te roro. Ka taea e ngā whakaahua MRI, CT rānei te whakaatu i te mumura o te roro, i tētahi atu āhuatanga rānei e āhei ana te take mō ō tohu, pēnei i te mate pukupuku.
• Te tahi o te tuaiwi, e mohiotia ana ko te lumbar puncture. Ka tangohia e te ngira e whakauruhia ana ki tō tua raro he iti o te wai cerebrospinal (CSF), te wai tiaki e karapoti ana i te roro me te pou o te tuaiwi. Ka taea e ngā huringa o tēnei wai te tohu i te mate me te mumura o te roro. I etahi wā, ka taea te whakamātautau i ngā tauira o te CSF hei whakatau i te take. Ka uru pea tenei ki te whakamātautau mō te mate, te tūnga rānei o ngā antibodies e hono ana ki te encephalitis autoimmune.
• Ētahi atu whakamātautau taiwhanga. Ka taea te whakamātautau i ngā tauira o te toto, mimi, i ngā mea whakaheke mai i muri o te korokoro mō ngā huaketo, i ētahi atu kaiwhakapokeke rānei.
• Electroencephalogram (EEG). Ka tuhi ngā electrodes e piri ana ki tō pane i te mahi hiko o te roro. Ka taea e ētahi tauira te tohu i te encephalitis.
• Whakaahua tinana. I etahi wā, ka taea te whakaoho i te encephalitis autoimmune e te whakautu mate ki te mate pukupuku i roto i te tinana. Ka taea te kore-mate pukupuku, mate pukupuku rānei te mate pukupuku. Ka taea e tō kaimahi hauora te tono i ngā rangahau whakaahua, pēnei i te ultrasound, MRI, CT, i ngā karapa PET-CT rānei. Ka tirohia pea e ēnei karapa tō uma, te rohe o te kopu, te riu rānei hei tirotiro i ēnei mate pukupuku. Mena ka kitea te nui, ka tangohia pea he iti hei ako i roto i te taiwhanga. E mohiotia ana tenei ko te biopsy.
• Biopsy o te roro. He iti rawa, ka tangohia pea he iti o te kiko o te roro hei whakamātautau. Ka mahia pea te biopsy o te roro mena ka kino haere ngā tohu, ā, kāore ngā maimoatanga e whai hua.

Te rongoā mō te encephalitis ngawari e whakauru ana ki te nuinga: Te takoto moenga. Te wai nui. Rongoā anti-mumura—pēnei i te acetaminophen (Tylenol, ētahi atu), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, ētahi atu) me te naproxen sodium (Aleve)—ki te whakaora i ngā mamae o te upoko me ngā kirika. Rongoā antiviral Ko te encephalitis e puta mai ana i ētahi huaketo e hiahia ana ki te rongoā antiviral. Ko ngā rongoā antiviral e whakamahia ana hei whakaora i te encephalitis e whakauru ana ki: Acyclovir (Zovirax, Sitavig). Ganciclovir. Foscarnet (Foscavir). Ko ētahi huaketo, pēnei i ngā huaketo e kawe ana ngā pepeke, kāore e whakautu ki ēnei rongoā. Engari, no te mea pea kāore e kitea tika te huaketo motuhake, ā, pea kāore rānei, ka āwhina pea koe ki te acyclovir. Ka taea e te acyclovir te whai hua ki te HSV, ka taea te hua i ngā raruraru nui ina kore e āwhina wawe. Ko ngā rongoā antiviral e tino manawanui ana. Ko te iti, ko ngā pānga taha ka whakauru ki te pakaru o te whatukuhu. Encephalitis autoimmune Mena ka whakaatu ngā whakamātautau i te take autoimmune o te encephalitis, katahi ka tīmata ngā rongoā e āwhina ana i tō pūnaha ārai, e mohiotia ana ko ngā rongoā immunomodulatory, me ētahi atu rongoā. Ka whakauru pea ēnei ki: Corticosteroids intravenous, or oral. Immunoglobulin intravenous. Whakawhiti plasma. Ko ētahi tāngata e whai ana i te encephalitis autoimmune e hiahia ana ki te rongoā roa me ngā rongoā immunosuppressive. Ka whakauru pea ēnei ki te azathioprine (Imuran, Azasan), mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept), rituximab (Rituxan) me tocilizumab (Actemra). Ko te encephalitis autoimmune e puta mai ana i ngā mate pukupuku pea e hiahia ana ki te rongoā mō aua mate pukupuku. Ka whakauru pea ēnei ki te pokanga, te radiation, te chemotherapy, te whakakotahitanga ranei o ngā rongoā. Te tiaki tautoko Ko ngā tāngata e whakauru ana ki te whare hauora me te encephalitis nui pea e hiahia ana ki: Te awhina manawa, me te tirotiro tika o te manawa me te mahi o te ngakau. Ngā wai intravenous hei whakarite i te makuku tika me ngā taumata o ngā kohuke nui. Rongoā anti-mumura, pēnei i ngā corticosteroids, hei whakaiti i te pupuhi me te pehanga i roto i te angaanga. Rongoā anti-waikura hei mutu, hei ārai rānei i ngā waikura. Te rongoā whai muri Mena ka pāngia koe e ngā raruraru o te encephalitis, pea e hiahia ana koe ki te rongoā atu, pēnei i: Te whakaora roro hei whakapai ake i te mohio me te mahara. Te rongoā tinana hei whakapai ake i te kaha, te ngawari, te taurite, te hononga o te miihini me te nekehanga. Te rongoā mahi hei whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga o ia rā me te whakamahi i ngā hua whakarite e āwhina ana ki ngā mahi o ia rā. Te rongoā kōrero hei ako hou i te mana o te uaua me te hononga hei whakaputa i te kōrero. Te psychotherapy hei ako i ngā rautaki whakahaere me ngā pūkenga whanonga hou hei whakapai ake i ngā mate ngakau, hei whakautu rānei i ngā huringa o te tuakiri. Ētahi atu mōhiohio Ko te tiaki encephalitis i te Mayo Clinic Ko te tono whakarite psychotherapy

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