Icyo Amifampridine ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Amifampridine ni umuti wandikirwa ugamije kunoza imbaraga z'imitsi no koroshya kugenda ku bantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakunze kuboneka zo mu bwonko. Ikora mu kunoza imibanire iri hagati y'imitsi yawe n'imitsi, bigatuma ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bigenda neza kandi bigatuma imitsi ikora.

Uyu muti uhagarariye icyizere ku bantu babana n'indwara zitera intege nke z'imitsi no kunanirwa. Nubwo ufatwa nk'umuti wihariye w'indwara zidakunze kuboneka, gusobanukirwa uko ikora n'icyo wakwitega bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere cyinshi ku rugendo rwawe rw'ubuvuzi.

Amifampridine ni iki?

Amifampridine ni umuti ubuza potassium gukora, ukongera imbaraga z'imibanire iri hagati y'imitsi yawe n'imitsi. Bitekereze nk'igifasha kongera ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bibwira imitsi yawe igihe n'uburyo igomba gukora.

Uyu muti uza mu buryo bw'ibinini kandi ukaba mu cyiciro cy'imiti yagenewe kuvura indwara zo mu mikaya. Ni ingirakamaro cyane kuko ikemura ikibazo cy'imibanire kiri hagati y'imitsi n'imitsi, aho guhisha gusa ibimenyetso.

Yabanje gukorwa mu myaka ya za 1970, amifampridine yanyuzemo ubushakashatsi bwinshi no kunozwa. Muri iki gihe, yamenyekanye nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura abantu intege nke z'imitsi zikomeye cyane ku bikorwa byabo bya buri munsi n'imibereho myiza.

Amifampridine ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Amifampridine ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura indwara ya Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), indwara idakunze kuboneka y'ubudahangarwa itera intege nke z'imitsi no kunanirwa. Iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku buryo imitsi yawe irekura umuti witwa acetylcholine, ukaba ari ingenzi mu gukora imitsi.

Abantu bafite LEMS akenshi bahura n'intege nke zitangirira mu maguru yabo zigashobora gukwira mu zindi mitsi. Intege nke zikunda koroha iyo imitsi ikoreshejwe kenshi, ibyo bitandukanye cyane n'izindi ndwara z'imitsi aho gukora bituma ibintu birushaho kuba bibi.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutekereza amifampridine ku zindi ndwara zidakunze kuboneka zifata imitsi n'imitsi y'ubwonko aho imibanire hagati y'imitsi n'imitsi y'ubwonko ibangamirwa. Ariko, LEMS iracyariyo ikoreshwa cyane kandi yigwa cyane kuri uyu muti.

Uyu muti ufasha cyane abantu bahura n'imbogamizi zikomeye zishingiye ku ntege nke z'imitsi. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo kugorwa no kugenda, kuzamuka amatepisi, cyangwa gukora imirimo ya buri munsi isaba imbaraga z'imitsi zirambye.

Amifampridine ikora ite?

Amifampridine ikora ibuza imiyoboro yihariye mu mpera z'imitsi yawe isanzwe yemerera potasiyumu gusohoka mu ntsinga. Mu kubuza iyi miyoboro, uyu muti ufasha imitsi y'ubwonko kuguma ikora igihe kirekire, ibyo bikongerera irekurwa rya asetilkolini.

Asetilkolini ni nk'urufunguzo rufungura imitsi. Iyo ufite uyu mutumwa w'imiti mwinshi, imitsi yawe irashobora gusubiza neza ibimenyetso by'imitsi. Ibi bivuga imbaraga zateye imbere no kugabanya umunaniro mu bikorwa bya buri munsi.

Uyu muti ufashwe nk'ukomeye mu ngaruka zawo. Abantu benshi babona impinduka mu mbaraga z'imitsi mu byumweru bike bya mbere by'ubuvuzi, nubwo bishobora gufata amezi menshi kugirango ugereranye inyungu zose.

Igituma amifampridine ifite agaciro cyane ni uko ivura imizi y'intege nke z'imitsi muri LEMS, aho kuvura gusa ibimenyetso. Ubu buryo bugamije akenshi butuma habaho impinduka zifite icyo zivuze mu mikorere no mu mibereho myiza.

Nkwiriye gufata amifampridine nte?

Fata amifampridine nk'uko umuganga wawe abikwandikiye, akenshi inshuro eshatu cyangwa enye ku munsi hamwe n'ifunguro. Kuyifata hamwe n'ibiryo bifasha kugabanya isesemi kandi bikemeza ko umubiri wayinjiza neza.

Mimina ibinini byose hamwe n'ikirahure cy'amazi yuzuye. Ntukabice, ntukabumire, cyangwa ngo ubimenagure, kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umuti usohoka mu mubiri wawe. Niba ugira ikibazo cyo kumira ibinini, ganira n'umuganga wawe kuri izindi nzira zishoboka.

Gerageza gufata imiti yawe mu gihe gihwanye umunsi wose. Ibi bifasha kugumana urugero rwawo mu mubiri wawe, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi kugira ngo imbaraga z'imitsi zikomeze kuzamuka.

Irinde kurya amafunguro manini, arimo amavuta menshi mbere yo gufata amifampridine, kuko ibi bishobora kubangamira imikorere yayo. Amafunguro mato cyangwa utuntu duto turakora neza. Guma wihahisha amazi umunsi wose, kuko ibi bishyigikira imikorere y'umuti muri rusange.

Nzamara Igihe Kingana Iki Ndafata Amifampridine?

Amifampridine akenshi ni uburyo bwo kuvura burambye uzakomeza igihe cyose bigufitiye akamaro kandi ukaba ubasha kubyakira neza. Abantu benshi bafite LEMS bakeneye kuvurwa buri gihe kugira ngo bagumane imbaraga z'imitsi yabo.

Umuvuzi wawe azagenzura uko witwara ku muti mu mezi make ya mbere kandi agahindura urugero uko bikwiye. Abantu bamwe babona impinduka mu minsi mike, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera ibyumweru byinshi kugira ngo bamenye ingaruka zose.

Ibyemezo byo gukurikiranwa buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane niba umuti ukora neza kandi urebe niba hari izindi ngaruka zigaragara. Umuvuzi wawe ashobora gutegura ibizamini bya buri gihe kugira ngo yemeze ko umuti utagira ingaruka ku mutima wawe cyangwa izindi nshingano z'umubiri.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata amifampridine ako kanya utabanje kuvugana n'umuganga wawe. Ibimenyetso by'intege nke z'imitsi yawe birashoboka ko bizagaruka niba uhagaritse umuti, kandi guhagarika ako kanya bishobora gutera izindi ngorane.

Ni Izihe Ngaruka Zigaragara za Amifampridine?

Abantu benshi boroherwa na amifampridine, ariko nk'imiti yose, irashobora gutera ingaruka zidakunda. Kumva icyo ugomba kwitaho bifasha kumva witeguye kandi ukamenya igihe cyo kuvugana n'umuganga wawe.

Ingaruka zisanzwe abantu benshi bahura nazo zirimo kumva urugero mu ntoki no mu birenge, akenshi bikagenda neza umubiri wawe umaze kumenyera umuti:

• Kumva urugero cyangwa ubujiji mu ntoki no mu mano
• Isesemi cyangwa kuribwa mu nda
• Umutwe
• Urugero
• Kugorwa no gusinzira
• Indwara zo mu nzira yo hejuru yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero
• Kubabara umugongo

Izi ngaruka zisanzwe akenshi ziba nto kandi akenshi zigenda zigabanuka uko igihe kigenda. Gufata umuti hamwe n'ibiryo birashobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka zijyanye n'inda.

Ingaruka zikomeye ntizisanzwe ariko zisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa. Izi zirashobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima wawe n'imitsi:

• Kugira ibibazo byo gufatwa cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi
• Umutima utagenda neza cyangwa umutima ukubita cyane
• Urugero rukabije cyangwa guta umutwe
• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Urugero rukabije rwo kwanga umuti hamwe n'uruhu, kubyimba, cyangwa kugorwa no guhumeka

Niba ubonye izi ngaruka zikomeye, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ushake ubufasha bwihutirwa. Umutekano wawe ni wo wa mbere, kandi ibi bimenyetso bikenera isuzuma ryihuse.

Ninde utagomba gufata Amifampridine?

Amifampridine ntabwo ari nziza kuri buri wese, kandi ibibazo by'ubuzima cyangwa ibihe runaka bituma bitakwemerwa. Umuganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kwandika uyu muti.

Abantu bafite ibibazo by'umutima runaka bagomba kwirinda amifampridine kuko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima. Ibi birimo abafite amateka y'umutima utagenda neza cyangwa indwara zihariye z'umutima.

Ntabwo wagombye gufata amifampridine niba ufite amateka yo gufatwa n'indwara yo gufatwa n'ibihungabanyo cyangwa indwara y'igicuri, kuko umuti ushobora kugabanya urugero rwo gufatwa n'ibihungabanyo. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane kuganira na muganga wawe niba warigeze kugira ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gufatwa n'indwara yo gufatwa n'ibihungabanyo.

Niba utwite cyangwa wonka, amifampridine ntishobora kuba ikwiriye. Uyu muti ushobora kwambuka placenta no kwinjira mu mata y'ibere, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana wawe. Muganga wawe azagereranya neza inyungu n'ibibazo muri ibi bihe.

Abantu bafite ibibazo bikomeye by'impyiko cyangwa umwijima bashobora gukenera guhindura urugero rw'umuti cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura. Izi ngingo zifasha gutunganya no gukuraho umuti mu mubiri wawe, bityo imikorere idahwitse ishobora kugira ingaruka ku rwego rw'imiti.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Amifampridine

Amifampridine iboneka mu mazina menshi y'ubwoko, aho Ruzurgi na Firdapse ari zo verisiyo zisanzwe zandikwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Zombi zikubiyemo ikintu kimwe gikora ariko zishobora kugira uburyo butandukanye.

Ruzurgi yemerejwe by'umwihariko indwara ya Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome mu bantu bakuru n'abana. Iboneka mu mbaraga nyinshi za tablet kugirango yemerere guhindura urugero rwo gufata umuti hashingiwe ku byo ukeneye.

Firdapse ni irindi zina ry'ubwoko bwa amifampridine rikoreshwa cyane mu kuvura LEMS. Muganga wawe azahitamo ubwoko bukwiye cyane hashingiwe ku miterere yawe n'ubwishingizi.

Verisiyo rusange ya amifampridine nayo ishobora kuboneka, bitewe n'aho uherereye na farumasi. Umufarumasiti wawe ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa verisiyo urimo kwakira no kumenyesha guhuza mu kuvurwa kwawe.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Amifampridine

Mugihe amifampridine akunda kuba ari uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura LEMS, hari ubundi buryo bwo gusimbuza niba utabasha kuyihanganira cyangwa niba utayisanzwe. Uburyo bwose bukora mu buryo butandukanye kandi bushobora kuba bukwiye kurusha abantu bamwe.

3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) ni umuti ufitanye isano rya bugufi ukora kimwe na amifampridine. Abantu bamwe batitabira umuti umwe, bashobora kurushaho kwitabira undi, nubwo bafite ingaruka zisa.

Pyridostigmine ni ubundi buryo bukora bukumira imikorere ya acetylcholine, bigatuma uyu muti w'ingenzi uboneka cyane kugira ngo imitsi ikore. Akenshi ikoreshwa hamwe na amifampridine kugira ngo ibone ibisubizo byiza.

Ku bantu bafite LEMS ifitanye isano n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, imiti ikumira ubudahangarwa nk'ubwo prednisone cyangwa azathioprine birashobora gufasha. Iyi miti ikora igabanya uburyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butera imitsi.

Guhindura plasma cyangwa immunoglobulin yo mu maraso (IVIG) ni imiti ishobora gutanga impinduka z'agateganyo mu gihe kiremereye. Iyi miti ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku bantu batitabira imiti yo kunywa.

Ese Amifampridine iruta Pyridostigmine?

Amifampridine na pyridostigmine bikora binyuze mu buryo butandukanye, kandi uwo ari we “mwiza” biterwa n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye n'uburyo witwara ku miti. Abaganga benshi bafata amifampridine nk'umuti wa mbere ukoreshwa kuri LEMS kuko ikemura ikibazo cy'ibanze.

Amifampridine ikunda gutanga impinduka zigaragara mu mbaraga z'imitsi ku bantu bafite LEMS ugereranije na pyridostigmine yonyine. Ikora yongera irekurwa rya acetylcholine rivuye mu mitsi, ibyo bikaba aribyo byangiritse muri iyi ndwara.

Pyridostigmine ikumira imikorere ya acetylcholine yari imaze kurekurwa, ibyo bishobora gufasha ariko ntibivura irekurwa rigabanutse riranga LEMS. Ariko, irashobora gutera ingaruka nke ku bantu bamwe.

Abaganga benshi bakoresha iyi miti yombi hamwe kugira ngo babone ibisubizo byiza. Ubu buryo bwo guhuza imiti bushobora gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso kurusha umuti umwe, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye.

Muganga wawe azatekereza ibintu nk'ibimenyetso byawe byihariye, izindi ndwara ufite, n'uburyo wihanganira imiti yose kugira ngo amenye uburyo bwiza bwo kukuvura.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Amifampridine

Ese Amifampridine irakwiriye abantu barwaye indwara z'umutima?

Amifampridine isaba kwitonderwa cyane niba urwaye indwara z'umutima, kuko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima. Muganga wawe azagomba gusuzuma uko umutima wawe umeze kandi ashobora gutegeka ko bakora electrocardiogram (EKG) mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa.

Niba ufite indwara y'umutima idakomeye, urashobora gukomeza gufata amifampridine ariko ugomba gukurikiranwa neza. Muganga wawe ashobora kwifuza kukubona kenshi kandi ashobora gutegeka ko bakora igenzura ry'umutima buri gihe kugira ngo barebe ko umuti utateza ibibazo.

Abantu bafite indwara zikomeye z'umutima, nk'uko indwara ya QT syndrome, bagomba kwirinda amifampridine. Uyu muti ushobora gutuma izi ndwara zirushaho kandi zikaba zateza ibibazo bikomeye ku mutima.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nifashishije amifampridine menshi mu buryo butunganye?

Niba ufashishije amifampridine menshi kuruta uko byategetswe, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura uburozi ako kanya. Gufata menshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara ibibazo byo mu mutwe no mu mutima.

Reba ibimenyetso byo kurenza urugero, bishobora kuba birimo kuribwa cyane, isereri, umutima utera cyane, cyangwa urujijo. Niba urwaye ibibazo byo mu mutwe cyangwa ugatakaza ubwenge, hamagara serivisi zihutirwa ako kanya.

Ntugerageze kwivugisha umuriro keretse niba ubitegetswe na muganga. Bika urupapuro rw'umuti hamwe nawe igihe cyose ugiye kwivuza kugira ngo abaganga bamenye neza icyo wafashe n'ingano yacyo.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije gufata umuti wa amifampridine?

Niba wibagiwe gufata umuti wa amifampridine, uwufate ako kanya wibukire, keretse igihe cyo gufata undi muti kigeze. Niba ari uko bimeze, irengagize uwo wibagiwe ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe.

Ntugasubiremo imiti kugira ngo wuzuze urugero rwatanzwe, kuko ibyo bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zidakurikira. Gufata imiti myinshi icyarimwe birashobora guteza akaga kandi bishobora gutera ibibazo by'umutima cyangwa ibyurukundo.

Niba ukunda kwibagirwa imiti, tekereza gushyiraho ibyibutso kuri terefone yawe cyangwa ukoreshe umuteguro w'imiti. Gufata imiti buri gihe ni ngombwa kugira ngo ugumane imbaraga z'imitsi zirushaho.

Ni ryari nshobora kureka gufata Amifampridine?

Ugomba kureka gufata amifampridine gusa ukurikije ubuyobozi bwa muganga wawe. Abantu benshi bafite LEMS bakeneye kuvurwa igihe kirekire kugira ngo bagumane imbaraga z'imitsi zirushaho, kandi guhagarara birashobora gutuma ibimenyetso bisubira.

Muganga wawe ashobora gutekereza guhagarika imiti niba ugize ingaruka zikomeye zidakurikira zitashobora gucungwa, cyangwa niba uburwayi bwawe bwiyongera cyane. Iyi myanzuro igomba gufatwa buri gihe hamwe n'umuganga wawe.

Niba ukeneye guhagarika amifampridine, muganga wawe ashobora kugabanya urugero buhoro buhoro aho guhagarara ako kanya. Ibi bifasha kugabanya ibyago byo kugira ibimenyetso byo gukurwaho kandi bitanga umwanya wo guhindura izindi miti niba bibaye ngombwa.

Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkanwa amifampridine?

Nibyiza kugabanya kunywa inzoga nkanwa amifampridine, kuko byombi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imitsi yawe kandi bishobora kongera ingaruka zidakurikira nko kuribwa umutwe no gusinzira. Inzoga kandi irashobora kubangamira imikorere y'imiti.

Niba uhisemo kunywa rimwe na rimwe, bikore mu rugero kandi witondere uko wumva. Abantu bamwe basanga nubwo inzoga nto zibatera kumva batagendera neza cyangwa kuribwa umutwe iyo zivanzwe na amifampridine.

Buri gihe ganira ku kunywa inzoga kwawe na muganga wawe, kuko bashobora gutanga inama zihariye zishingiye ku miterere yawe yihariye n'ubuzima muri rusange. Bashobora kugusaba kwirinda inzoga rwose, cyane cyane iyo utangiye gufata imiti.