Ijanisha ry'ibinure mu mubiri ni umugabane w'ibiro byawe ugaragara nk'ibinure. Mu bantu benshi, ku bagabo ni hagati ya 14% kugeza kuri 24% naho ku bagore ni hagati ya 21% kugeza kuri 31%, ibi bikaba bibarwa nk'urugero rwiza. Uburyo bwose bwo kwipimisha uri mu rugo bugira amakosa ari hagati y'amanota menshi, rero shishohoza impinduka mu byumweru aho guhangayikishwa n'igipimo kimwe.
Mugabane w'ingenzi: Ibikubiye mu kinyabupfura
- Ijanisha ry'ibinure mu mubiri ritandukanya ibiro byawe mu bice bibiri: ibinure n'ibice bitari ibinure. Ibiro byawe bonyine ntibishobora kubikora.
- BMI ntabwo ari uburyo bwo gupima ibinure mu mubiri, kandi CDC irabivuga. Umuntu wubatse imitsi ashobora kwerekana ko "yarushijeho kunanuka" kuri BMI mu gihe afite umubiri mwiza.
- Koresha igipimo (tape measure) kugira ngo ugire akamenyero ko kugikurikiranira (ntakigura, gifite amakosa ya hafi ya 3.5%). Kandi wishyure inshuro imwe ubashe gupimwa na DEXA cyangwa Bod Pod niba ushaka ko ugira ishingiro ryizewe.
- Ibiro ngengamubiri za elegitoronike (consumer impedance scales) zikunze kwerekana amanota make kurusha DXA, kandi bikorwa n'amazi mu mubiri n'igihe gikoreshejwe. Gupima buri cyumweru 2 kugeza 4 munsi y'amerekezo amwe.
- Kugira umubiri muzima bifite n'igipimo cyo hasi ndetse n'icyo hejuru, kandi igipimo cyo hasi kiri hejuru ku bagore kuruta ku bagabo.
Ijanisha ry'ibinure mu mubiri rigutekerereza ibyo ibiro byawe bigizwe nabyo
Ijanisha ry'ibinure mu mubiri ni masa ya munini (fat mass) igabanyijwe n'ibiro byose by'umubiri, bikagaragazwa nk'ijanisha. Ibisa bivuyeho ni masa itari munini: imitsi, amagufwa, ingingo z'umubiri n'amazi. Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika gishinzwe imyitozo ngororamubiri (American Council on Exercise) cyagennye urugero rwiza ku bagabo rukaba ruri hagati ya 14% na 24%, naho ku bagore rukaba ruri hagati ya 21% na 31%. Uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo kwipimisha uri mu rugo buhora buriho amakosa, rero ni nk'akajyanwa ko gukurikirana uko ugenda. Ibi bikaba byashyizwe ahagaragara na Cleveland Clinic.
Iryo tandukaniro nicyo kintu cyose cyo gupima. Abantu babiri bashobora kuba bafite uburebure bumwe n'ibiro bimwe bakagira itandukaniro rya 15% cyangwa byinshi mu binure by'umubiri, bivuga ko umwe afite imitsi aho undi afite ibinure bibitswe. Ibiro byawe bonyine ntibizigera bisobanura impamvu umubiri wawe wumva wereze kuruta bisanzwe, kuko ibiro ari umubare umwe usobanura uruvange.
BMI ntabwo ari igipimo cy'ibinure mu mubiri, kandi imipaka iracyaganirwaho
Niba ugereranije ijanisha ry'ibinure mu mubiri na BMI, uzabona ko badahwanya uko bibaho kenshi. CDC ivuga ko BMI itapima ibinure mu mubiri kandi ko itandukanya ibinure n'imitsi cyangwa amagufwa, ndetse ntibigaragaze aho ibyo binure biherereye.
Dore uko bibarwa. Umuntu ufite uburebure bwa metero 1.78 n'ibiro 88.5 akagera kuri BMI ya 28, mu gihe tabeli isanzwe ivuga ko "yarushijeho kunanuka", mu gihe DEXA yagaragaza ko afite 15% by'ibinure mu mubiri, mu rwego rwiza rw'abakinnyi. Ikindi gikunda kuba ni uko umuntu ufite imitsi mike ashobora kugira BMI ya 23 ishimishije mu gihe afite ibinure 30% by'umubiri we.
Abashakashatsi ntibarabona icyemezo. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2024 ku bantu bakuru 16,918 bo muri Amerika bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism bwasabye ko imipaka ihwanye n'ibinyuranyo byo kwirinda indwara zihuruje (metabolic syndrome) ziba zigera kuri 25% (kunyara cyane) na 30% (ubugari) ku bagabo, naho ku bagore zikaba zingana na 36% na 42%, hashingiwe ku kuba BMI "yarushijeho gukoreshwa nabi nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubunini bw'umubiri". Ibyo ni igitekerezo cy'ubushakashatsi, ntabwo ari ibisabwa bya ngombwa mu kuvura, kandi biri hejuru cyane y'imyambaro y'imyitozo ngororamubiri abantu benshi bahura nayo. Icyo gihinduka ni igikoresho gikomeye. Soma buri gipimo nk'urugero ruremye, si nk'icyemezo.
Uko wapima ibinure mu mubiri: uburyo bwiza ni ubwo ushobora gusubiramo
Ikibazo nyacyo cyo gupima ibinure mu mubiri ntabwo ari uburyo bufitanye isano, ahubwo ni uburyo ushobora gusubiramo munsi y'amerekezo amwe mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 6. Cleveland Clinic ivuga ko DEXA, bioelectrical impedance, skinfold calipers, waist circumference na MRI ari uburyo bukoreshwa mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi. Hariho bine bifatika ku muntu usoma ubu butumwa uyu munsi.
| Uburyo | Igiciro | Amakosa asanzwe | Byiza kuri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Igapimo (Navy formula) | Ntaho gihenze | Kugenda bifite amanota 3.5 | Kwipimisha buri cyumweru mu gihe kirekire |
| Skinfold calipers | Hafi $5 kugeza $20 | Bisa, ariko bigendeye ku buryo bukoreshejwe | Kwipimisha mu buryo bumwe na bamwe |
| Smart scale cyangwa BIA igendanwa | $30 kuzamura | Kugenda bifite amanota 4 make ugereranije na DXA | Gukurikirana impinduka gusa, ntabwo ari ibyapfuye kuvuka |
| DEXA cyangwa Bod Pod | Kwishyura uko wagiye | Kugenda bifite amanota 2 kugeza 3 | Kwipimisha kwa mbere kugomba kugira ishingiro |
Bityo, igitekerezo ni ukoresha igipimo kugira ngo ugumye kubikurikiranira, calipers iramutse ubyemeye ko usubiramo ahantu hamwe kandi munsi y'amerekezo amwe, kandi igipimo cyishyurwa nimba ushaka umubare ugomba gufatiraho.
Izi ngengamubiri (consumer impedance) zishobora kugigwa nabi. Mu bakinnyi bakiri bato b'umupira w'amaguru, abagabo bipimishije 19.0% kuri DEXA bakagaragaza 9.3% kuri BIA, na calipers bakabona hagati. Mu bipimo bitandukanye, BIA igendanwa ikunze kwerekana amanota 4.0 munsi ya DXA, ikaba ifite itandukaniro rya 2.8. Iri tegeko rikurikira ibi: ntukigere ugomberanya igipimo cy'uburyo bumwe n'icy'ubundi buryo. Kwirukana uburyo bushobora gutuma uwakoresha impinduka ya "10-point" itigeze iba.
Igipimo n'uburyo bwo kubara budahenze biruta gupimisha vuba na vuba
Calipers ishobora kuba ifite ubusobanuro buruta igipimo mu biganza byigiyeho kandi bikaba iby'ubusa ku bidashoboye. Igipimo gifite uburyo buke bwo kwibeshya, ni nayo mpamvu cyatsinze ku bantu benshi.
- Pima uburebure bwawe, ni ikintu buri wese akeneye.
- Pima ijosi ryawe hasi gato y’umuhogo, igipimo kigoramye gato imbere.
- Pima ikibuno cyawe ku muyoboro w’umubiri niba uri umugabo, cyangwa ahagaragaye cyane niba uri umugore.
- Abagore kandi bapima amaguru mu cyanya kigare cyane.
Shyiramo imibare mu buryo bwo kubara ibinure bw'ingabo z'Inyanja y'Abanyamerika, cyangwa umubare wese w'ababazunguruka uzabikoresha, kandi ugumane buri gipimo mu gipimo kimwe. Ntuzigere ugomberanya santimetero n'inch.
Uburyo bukoreshejwe ni bwo bugena niba igipimo gishobora gusubirwamo. Pima ku ruhu ruteye imyenda cyangwa imyenda idafite ubujyakuzimu, gukomeza igipimo nta gusumiriza, guhumeka bisanzwe kandi ntugashyire mu gifu, fata ibipimo bibiri cyangwa bitatu kandi ubikubye ku mibare, kandi uhere igipimo kimwe n'umuntu umwe mu gihe kimwe cy'umunsi. Tegere amanota 3.5 y'amakosa, bityo wandike impinduka mu byumweru 4 kugeza 8 aho guhindura igihe kimwe.
Igipimo cya smart scale kigomba kwandikwa munsi y'amerekezo amwe buri gihe
Standardize cyangwa ntukakoreshe. Koresha igikoresho kimwe buri gihe, mu gitondo kare, umaze kwihagararaho, mbere yo kurya, kunywa no kwikora, ntabwo nyuma yo kunywa inzoga, ufite ibirenge bisukuye kandi byumye, uhagaze ahantu hamwe hejuru y'ubutaka bumwe.
Dore icyo abenshi batazaguhamiriza: ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2024 bwakorewe kuri passive dehydration bwahinduye ibipimo by'ibinure mu mubiri byakoresheje BIA na cyane ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu bushakashatsi, ihinduka abashakashatsi batekereje ko ari ntacyo byagombye gutwara kuri icyo gikoresho. Ku biro bikoreshwa mu rugo, hamwe n'amashanyarazi make kandi urugero rudashushye, ihinduka wumva ry'umunsi ku wundi ni amazi n'igihe, atari ibinure. Shyiraho amanota 4 asanzweho ugeranije na DXA kandi ikigaragara nuko ihinduka wibonera ariyo ifatika, igipimo cyakijijijwe ntabwo ari cyo. Kwipimisha buri cyumweru 2 kugeza 4, ntabwo buri munsi.
Kugumya iyo nstagram yuzuye mu byumweru ni igice abantu bashobora kuva, kandi porogaramu nk'iya August AI ishobora kugufasha kwandika igipimo kimwe munsi y'amerekezo amwe kandi ikakwereka niba impinduka irimo ihinduka.
Vugana n'umuganga mbere yo gutangira niba:
- Ufite pacemaker, ICD cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cy'amashanyarazi gikoreshwa, kuko abakora ibiro ngengamubiri benshi bashyira mu majwi ko bakoresha ibiro byabo.
- Udashishikaye.
- Ufite imiterere yo kurya cyane cyangwa kwirinda, kandi igipimo cy'umunsi gishobora kugutera inkeke nyinshi.
- Witeguye gukoresha amazi kubera indwara y'umutima, impyiko cyangwa umwijima, bishobora guhindura ibipimo bya impedance.
Ijanisha ry'ibinure mu mubiri muzima rifite n'igipimo cyo hasi, si hejuru gusa
Ijanisha ry'ibinure mu mubiri muzima rifite igipimo cyo hasi, kandi kugisanga munsi bifite igiciro. Ibinure by'ingenzi ni byo bike bifuzwa kugira ngo akoresho y'ubuvuzi, kwirinda imitsi, kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri no kwirinda ingingo. Ntabwo ari ibinure bibitswe kandi ntibishobora kwirukanwa.
Igipimo cy'abagore kiri hejuru kuruta abagabo kubera imiterere yabo, ni nayo mpamvu Cleveland Clinic ivuga ko ku bagore ari hagati ya 21% na 31%, naho ku bagabo ari hagati ya 14% na 24%, kandi kuba hejuru y'urugero rwo hejuru birashyirwa mu cyiciro cy'ubugari. Kugwa munsi y'igipimo bifitanye imyenda idahinduka cyangwa itaboneka, imisemburo ya sex iri hasi, kwirinda kwigana no kugabanuka kw'amagufwa. Imibare y'igitereko imwe yerekana ko ari imyambaro yo guhatana yikozwe ku gihe, atari intego isubirwamo.
Niba igipimo cyaguhangayikishije, porogaramu nk'iya August AI ishobora kugufasha kugisubiramo mu bibazo bisanzwe uzabaza muganga wawe. Ni uburyo bwo kubaza no gutegura. Ntabwo isobanura ibyavuye mu byavuyeho, kandi ntabwo ari yo igena.
Urugero rwinshi rwinyu rwinyu rutegereye igihe n'igitsina
Urugero rwinshi rwinyu rudafite igihe n'igitsina rurengana rurengana rwose rutegereye cyane.
| Igitsina | Munsi cyangwa abakinnyi | Urugereko ruhuje | Hejuru y'urugereko ruhuje |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abagabo 20 kugeza 39 | Munsi ya 8% | 8% kugeza 20% | Hejuru ya 20% |
| Abagabo 40 kugeza 59 | Munsi ya 11% | 11% kugeza 22% | Hejuru ya 22% |
| Abagabo 60 kugeza 79 | Munsi ya 13% | 13% kugeza 25% | Hejuru ya 25% |
| Abagore 20 kugeza 39 | Munsi ya 21% | 21% kugeza 33% | Hejuru ya 33% |
| Abagore 40 kugeza 59 | Munsi ya 23% | 23% kugeza 34% | Hejuru ya 34% |
| Abagore 60 kugeza 79 | Munsi ya 24% | 24% kugeza 36% | Hejuru ya 36% |
Izi ni ingero ziva mu by'imyitozo ngororamubiri n'inzobere mu kuvura, imyambaro ya ACE na ACSM yashyizwe ku rupapuro rw'abakoresha. Ntabwo ari ibipimo by'intara y'ubumwe, kandi nta kigo na kimwe kivuga cyangwa cyashyize hanze imipaka y'ibinure mu mubiri. Igipimo cyiyongera uko igihe cyigenda kuko imitsi igabanuka kandi imisemburo igahinduka, bityo 26% ku myaka 65 ntibigaragaza umubiri umwe nka 26% ku myaka 25.
Zibukako ibipimo by'ibyago byagaragaye mu 2024 (25% na 30% ku bagabo, 36% na 42% ku bagore) biri hejuru y'imipaka y'uru rutonde. Abasesenguzi bahwanye n'amanota menshi, rero soma ibyakuvuyemo nk'urugero rufite ihinduka ku ruhande. Izi ngero kandi zikoreshwa ku bantu bakuru kuva ku myaka 20 kuzamura. Abana n'abakiri bato bakiri mu bukurikuru bagomba gupimwa hashingiwe ku bagomba gukura n'umuganga.
Bimwe bibazwa kenshi
Radiyasiyo iri muri DEXA ibyerekeranye n'ibisubizo by'umubiri bishobora gutera impungenge?
Oya. DEXA ikoresha urumuri ruciriritse rwa X-ray, akaba ari ko technology ikoreshwa mu kwipimisha amagufwa, kandi ihungabana riricyo kubera ko rikoreshwa mu kwipimisha ibitaro. Impinduka nyazo ni igiciro n'uburyo bwo kugera ku bintu, atari radiyasiyo. Kugendana n'umwana ni ikindi kibazo, kuko X-ray zigenda zikoreshwa mu buryo bwose, rero bavugane nimusaba.
Ni ikihe gihinduka mu ijanisha ry'ibinure mu mubiri gikwiriye kwitwa intambwe?
Rimwe na rimwe ihinduka ni impamo kandi rimwe na rimwe ni uburyo bwo kuvuga. Hamwe n'amanota 3.5 y'amakosa mu gipimo cyangwa caliper, impinduka y'inota rimwe cyangwa bibiri hagati y'ibihe ntibigutera inkunga. Ibimenyetso bigaragara nk'ihinduka ry'amanota menshi rihamye mu bipimo byihuje ku gihe kirekire cy'amezi abiri cyangwa atatu.
Kuki ijanisha ry'ibinure by'umubiri wanjye ryazamutse nubwo nagabanyije ibiro?
Rimwe na rimwe ni imibare. Kwigana ibiro byihuse byerekana imitsi na glycogen hamwe n'ibinure, kandi glycogen irimo amazi. Niba imitsi igabanutse vuba kuruta ibinure, ibinure bigira umugabane munini mu gihe cyarimo gutakara. Kuri igipimo cya impedance, amazi make mu mubiri na yo ahindura ibipimo byiyongera, ku giti cyayo, atari impinduka nyayo.
Izi ngero z'ibinure mu mubiri zishyirwa ku bana n'abakiri bato?
Oya. Impinduka mu mubiri zihinduka cyane mu gihe cyo gukura, bityo abaganga bakoresha imihindagurikire y'imyaka n'igitsina aho kuba imibare y'abakuru. Uburyo bwo kubara n'ibipimo by'abakoresha ntibigeze bigwizwa mu mikurire. Hari kandi igitekerezo gikwiriye kuganirwaho: kuguha umwana cyangwa umukiri muto impinduka zo mu mubiri ishobora gutera akababaro kuruta ibyavuyeho.
Koko se, imiterere y'uruhu ihindura iki mu ijanisha ry'ibinure mu mubiri ryanjye?
Yego, birashoboka, nubwo ntawigeze yemera uburyo bwo guhinduka. Icyo impinduka zihinduka zishingiye ku bibazo byo mu mubiri ntaho bitandukanye mu moko, ni nayo mpamvu imipaka iguma kwigwa, kandi ubushakashatsi bwa NHANES bwo mu 2024 bwakoze imipaka imwe ku bantu bakuru bo muri Amerika aho kuba ku moko yihariye. Nta rutonde ruhuje rugifuzwa. Amateka y'umuryango afite diabetes yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni ingenzi cyane ku kwita kuri wowe kuruta urupapuro urimo gusoma.
Ese porogaramu cyangwa ifoto yerekana uko wahinduka ishobora guhindura ijanisha ry'ibinure mu mubiri neza?
Ntibishoboka. Ibikoresho byishingikirije ku mafoto bifuzwa kugira ngo bigaragaze icyo umuntu yakwibazaho, bityo bikorera ibyo ubundi bishoboye, kandi nta na kimwe cyagaragaje ubusobanuro ku rwego rw'amanota bibiri cyangwa atatu uburiganya burimo burimo. Amafoto afatwa nk'agufitiye akamaro nk'ifoto y'impinduka. Gusa, ugumane igipimo cy'inyubako hamwe na yo.
Icyo ugomba kwibuka ku ijanisha ry'ibinure mu mubiri
Koresha igipimo kugira ngo ugumye kubikurikiranira, kandi wangu igipimo cya DEXA cyangwa Bod Pod nimba ushaka ishingiro ugomba kwiringira. BMI n'ibiro byo mu rugo bisubiza ibibazo bitandukanye, kandi nta na kimwe muri byo ni indwara. Ubugi bufite igipimo cyo hasi cyane n'icyo hejuru. Gerageza kwiga uburyo bwo kwipimisha ibinure mu mubiri mu buryo buhoraho aho kwishimira byinshi, kuko igipimo gikomeye gishobora kwihindura kuruta umubare nyawo wafashwe inshuro imwe.
Ubusobanuro: Iki gikoresho ni kubera amakuru gusa kandi ntigisobanura inama z'ubuvuzi. Ugomba guhora wihuje n'umuganga ufite ubuzima bwiza kugira ngo ugire ibyemezo by'ubuvuzi no kwivuza. Niba ufite ikibazo gikomeye cy'ubuzima, hamagara 911 cyangwa ujye ku cyumba cy'ibitaro byihutirwa.
