I-Aldesleukin iyikhambi elinamandla lokwelapha umdlavuza elisiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi alwe nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Le mithi iyinguqulo eyenziwe e-laboratory yeprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-interleukin-2, umzimba wakho owenza ngokwemvelo ukusiza amaseli omzimba ukuthi asebenze kangcono. Inikezwa nge-IV esibhedlela ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha okuseduze ngoba ingabangela imiphumela emibi ebalulekile ngenkathi isiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ulwe nomdlavuza.

Yini i-Aldesleukin?

I-Aldesleukin iyindlela yokwenziwa ye-interleukin-2, iprotheni eyenzeka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho. Amasosha akho omzimba asebenzisa i-interleukin-2 ukwenza kusebenze nokwandisa amaseli amhlophe egazi athile alwa nomdlavuza. Umuthi ngokuyisisekelo unika amasosha akho omzimba ukukhuthazwa okunamandla ukuze liwasize ukuthi liqaphele futhi libhubhise amaseli omdlavuza ngempumelelo.

Lokhu kwelashwa kungokwesigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-immunotherapies noma i-biologics. Ngokungafani ne-chemotherapy ehlasela ngokuqondile amaseli omdlavuza, i-aldesleukin isebenza ngokuqinisa uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wakho. Ithathwa njengemithi eqinile edinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Isetshenziselwa Ukuthini i-Aldesleukin?

I-Aldesleukin isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha izinhlobo ezimbili ezithile zomdlavuza: umdlavuza wezinso we-metastatic kanye ne-melanoma ye-metastatic. I-Metastatic isho ukuthi umdlavuza usabalale lapho uqale khona kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho. Lezi yizimo ezinzima, kodwa i-aldesleukin ingasiza abanye abantu ukuthi bathuthuke kakhulu noma baze bathole ukuxolelwa okuphelele.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-aldesleukin lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi noma lapho umdlavuza wakho unezici ezithile eziwenza ukuthi uphendule kahle. Umuthi ngokuvamile ugcinelwa abantu abaqinile ngokwanele ukubhekana nemiphumela yawo emibi enamandla. Akubona bonke abantu abanalo mdlavuza abazoba ngabazongenela le ndlela yokwelapha.

Isebenza Kanjani i-Aldesleukin?

I-Aldesleukin isebenza ngokulingisa nokwandisa impendulo yomzimba yakho yokuzivikela emzimbeni. Uma wamukela lo muthi, uvula amaseli akhethekile okuzivikela emzimbeni abizwa ngokuthi ama-T-cells kanye namaseli okubulala emvelo. Lawa maseli abese eziphindaphinda ngokushesha futhi abe nolaka olukhulu ekuzingeleni nasekushabalaliseni amaseli omdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Lona umuthi onamandla odala ukusabela okukhulu komzimba. Cabanga ngakho njengokukhulisa ivolumu kumakhono omzimba wakho wokuzivikela emdlavuzeni. Le nqubo ingaba yinselele emzimbeni wakho, yingakho uzodinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuze abasebenzi bezokwelapha bakwazi ukukuqapha eduze futhi baphathe noma yimaphi imiphumela emibi evelayo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Aldesleukin?

I-Aldesleukin ihlale inikezwa nge-intravenously (nge-IV) endaweni yesibhedlela. Awukwazi ukuthatha lo muthi ekhaya ngoba idinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa ngemijikelezo, umjikelezo ngamunye uhlala izinsuku eziningana kulandelwe isikhathi sokuphumula ukuvumela umzimba wakho ukuthi ululame.

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho, uzoxhunywa ku-IV eletha umuthi kancane emsingeni wakho wegazi. Ithimba lezokwelapha lizohlola izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile njalo futhi liqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo. Ngeke kudingeke ukhathazeke ngokuthatha amaphilisi noma ukukhumbula imithamo njengoba abasebenzi basemtholampilo bephatha konke ukuphathwa kwemithi.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingase lincoma ukudla ukudla okuvamile nokuhlala unamanzi kahle. Kodwa-ke, awudingi ukuthatha lo muthi nokudla njengoba uqondiswe ngqo emsingeni wakho wegazi. Abasebenzi bezokunakekela bazokusiza ukuthi ugcine ukudla okunempilo ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwakho esibhedlela.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Aldesleukin?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-aldesleukin buhlukahluka ngokuya ngokuthi uphendula kahle kangakanani nokuthi ukumelana kanjani nomuthi. Umjikelezo wokwelashwa ovamile uhlanganisa ukuthola umuthi izinsuku ezi-5, kulandelwe isikhathi sokuphumula sezinsuku eziyi-9, bese kuba ezinye izinsuku ezi-5 zokwelashwa. Lokhu kuqeda umjikelezo owodwa ogcwele, futhi ungase udinge imijikelezo eminingi.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola impendulo yakho ngemva komjikelezo ngamunye esebenzisa izithombe kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Abanye abantu bangase badinge umjikelezo owodwa noma emibili kuphela, kanti abanye bangazuza ekwelashweni okwengeziwe. Isinqumo sincike ekutheni umdlavuza wakho uphendula kanjani nokuthi umzimba wakho ukusingatha kanjani imiphumela emibi yomuthi.

Ubude bokwelashwa buphinde buncike empilweni yakho yonke kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkinga eziphakamayo. Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi engathi sína, udokotela wakho angase adinge ukumisa ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ashintshe uhlelo. Umgomo uwukunikeza inzuzo enkulu ngenkathi ekugcina uphephile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Yini Imiphumela Emibi ye-Aldesleukin?

I-Aldesleukin ingabangela imiphumela emibi ebalulekile ngoba idala impendulo enkulu kangaka yomzimba wakho. Abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ethile, kodwa ithimba lezokwelapha lilungele ukuyilawula. Ukuqonda okukulindele kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke kakhulu futhi ungakhathazeki kangako ngokwelashwa.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlanganisa umkhuhlane, amaqhwa, ukukhathala, isicanucanu, kanye nezinguquko emfuthe yegazi. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuzizwa zifana nokuba nomkhuhlane onzima. Ungase futhi uqaphele ukuvuvukala ezandleni zakho, ezinyaweni, noma ebusweni njengoba umzimba wakho ugcina uketshezi. Le miphumela ivame ukuba yesikhashana futhi ithuthuke ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Nawa imiphumela emibi okungenzeka ukuthi uzohlangabezana nayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa:

  • Umkhuhlane namakhaza okungenza uzizwe ungazizwa kahle
  • Ukukhathala okukhulu okwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile
  • Isicanucanu nokuhlanza okungase kudingeke imithi ukukulawula
  • Ukuphuma isifo sohudo okungaholela ekuphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni uma kungalawulwa
  • Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma ububomvu obungase bukhuhle noma buzizwe buthambile
  • Ukuvuvukala ezandleni zakho, ezinyaweni, noma ebusweni ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi
  • Ushintsho emfutheni wegazi oludinga ukuqashwa
  • Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphefumula ngokushesha

Ithimba lezokwelapha lizokunikeza imithi ukukusiza ukulawula lezi zimpawu futhi zikwenze uzizwe ukhululekile. Bazokuqapha eduze ukuze babambe noma yiziphi izinkinga zisasekuqaleni.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha...

Lezi zinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingabandakanya izinkinga zenhliziyo, izinkinga zezinso, noma ukwehla okukhulu komfutho wegazi:

  • Ushintsho lwesigqi senhliziyo noma ubuhlungu besifuba
  • Izinkinga zezinso ezithinta ukukhiqizwa komchamo
  • Ukudideka okukhulu noma izinguquko esimweni sengqondo
  • Izifo ezinzima ngenxa yezinguquko zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela
  • Amagazi egazi emilenzeni noma emaphashini
  • Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba ngaphandle

Ngenkathi le miphumela emibi engathi sína ikhathaza, khumbula ukuthi uzobe usesibhedlela phakathi nokwelashwa. Ithimba lezokwelapha liqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukubona nokwelapha lezi zinkinga ngokushesha uma zenzeka.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Aldesleukin?

I-Aldesleukin ayifanele wonke umuntu, ngisho naphakathi kwabantu abanomdlavuza ewulashayo. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela impilo yakho yonke ngaphambi kokuncoma lokhu kwelashwa. Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingenza i-aldesleukin ibe yingozi kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa ngokuphepha.

Abantu abanezinkinga zenhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu, noma izinkinga zezinso ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuthola i-aldesleukin. Umuthi ubeka ingcindezi enkulu kulezi zitho, futhi izinkinga ezikhona zingase zibe yingozi ekuphileni ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzoqhuba izivivinyo ukuze ahlole ukuthi inhliziyo yakho, amaphaphu, nezinso zisebenza kahle kangakanani ngaphambi kokucabangela lokhu kwelashwa.

Akufanele uthole i-aldesleukin uma unezinye zalezi zimo:

  • Isifo senhliziyo noma umlando wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
  • Izinkinga zamaphaphu njenge-asthma noma isifo samaphaphu esingapheli
  • Isifo sezinso noma ukusebenza kwezinso okuncishisiwe
  • Izinkinga zesibindi noma ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme
  • Ukutheleleka okusebenzayo noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kakhulu
  • Izifo zokugijima noma i-metastases yobuchopho
  • Izifo ze-Autoimmune njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis

Udokotela wakho uzophinda acabangele iminyaka yakho kanye nezinga lakho lokufaneleka. Lokhu kwelashwa kudinga kakhulu emzimbeni wakho, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqina ngokwanele ukuze ukwazi ukubhekana nemiphumela emibi ngenkathi ulwa nomdlavuza.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Aldesleukin

I-Aldesleukin itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Proleukin e-United States. Leli igama elivamile ozolibona kumashadi esibhedlela kanye namalebula emithi. Ezinye izindawo zingase zibe namagama omkhiqizo ahlukene, kodwa isithako esisebenzayo sihlala sifana.

Lapho nixoxa ngokwelashwa kwakho nabahlinzeki bezempilo, ungase ubazwe bekhuluma ngakho njenge-interleukin-2, IL-2, noma umane bathi "proleukin." Wonke la magama abhekisela emuthini ofanayo. Igama elivamile elithi aldesleukin yilokho ozovame ukukubona ezincwadini zezokwelapha kanye nemibhalo yomshuwalense.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-Aldesleukin

Kukhona ezinye izinketho eziningana zokwelashwa zomdlavuza wezinso we-metastatic kanye ne-melanoma. Udokotela wakho angase acabangele lezi zindlela uma ungafaneleki i-aldesleukin noma uma ingasebenzi kahle kuwe. Ukwelashwa ngakunye kunenzuzo yayo kanye nemiphumela emibi.

Ngesifo somdlavuza wezinso, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukwelashwa okuhloswe ngakho njenge-sunitinib, pazopanib, noma izithiyo zokuhlola amasosha omzimba njenge-nivolumab. Le mithi isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kune-aldesleukin kodwa ingasebenza kahle ekulweni nomdlavuza. Bangase babe nemiphumela emibi embalwa kodwa kungenzeka bangabi namandla ezimweni ezithile.

Ngesifo se-melanoma, ezinye izinketho ze-immunotherapy zihlanganisa i-ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, kanye ne-nivolumab. Le mithi isiza amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi alwe nomdlavuza kodwa isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kune-aldesleukin. Abanye abantu bangase bathole inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela zokwelapha ukuze bathole imiphumela engcono.

Ingabe i-Aldesleukin Ingcono Kune-Interferon?

I-Aldesleukin kanye ne-interferon yomibili imithi ye-immunotherapy, kodwa isebenza ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi inezinhlobo ezihlukene zemiphumela emibi. I-Interferon yayivame ukusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wezinso kanye ne-melanoma esikhathini esidlule, kodwa ukwelashwa okusha sekuyithathe indawo kakhulu. Ukukhetha phakathi kokwelashwa kuncike esimweni sakho esithile kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza.

I-Aldesleukin ivame ukuba namandla kune-interferon, okusho ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ingafinyelela izimpendulo ezingcono kubantu abanomdlavuza wabo ophendula kuyo. Kodwa-ke, i-aldesleukin ngokuvamile ibangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi idinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. I-Interferon inganikezwa njengokwelashwa kwesiguli esingalaliswanga kodwa ingase ingasebenzi kahle emdlavuzeni othuthukile.

Namuhla, kokubili i-aldesleukin kanye ne-interferon zisetshenziswa kaningi kancane kunezidakamizwa ezintsha ze-immunotherapy njengezithiyo zokuhlola. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzoncoma ukwelashwa okungenzeka ukuthi kuzosiza umdlavuza wakho othile ngenkathi ecabangela impilo yakho yonke kanye nemigomo yokwelashwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Aldesleukin

Ingabe i-Aldesleukin iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

I-Aldesleukin ingathinta amazinga kashukela egazini, okwenza ukwelashwa kube nzima kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Umuthi ungabangela kokubili ushukela ophezulu kanye noshukela ophansi, okudinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Imithi yakho yesifo sikashukela ingase idinge ukulungiswa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-aldesleukin.

Uma unesifo sikashukela, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola ushukela wakho wegazi njalo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Bazosebenza nawe ukulungisa i-insulin yakho noma eminye imithi yesifo sikashukela njengoba kudingeka. Ukuba nesifo sikashukela akukuvimbeli ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthola i-aldesleukin, kodwa kudinga izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe nokuqapha.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngithola Imiphumela Emibi Engathi Sína?

Njengoba i-aldesleukin inikezwa esibhedlela, uzokwazi ukufinyelela ngokushesha ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha uma imiphumela emibi engathi sína iqala. Tshela umhlengikazi wakho noma udokotela ngokushesha uma uzwa ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula, ukudideka, noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka yini zodwa.

Ithimba lezokwelapha lingase lidingeke ukuthi lime ukwelashwa kwakho okwesikhashana, likunikeze imithi yokulawula izimpawu, noma linikeze ukunakekelwa okusekelayo njengoketshezi lwe-IV noma umoya-mpilo. Kwezinye izimo, bangase badinge ukuqeda ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma imiphumela emibi iba yingozi kakhulu. Ukuphepha kwakho kuhlala kuyinto eza kuqala.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ukuqhubeka Kokwelashwa Kuphazamiseka?

Ukuphazamiseka kokwelashwa kuvamile nge-aldesleukin ngenxa yemiphumela yayo emibi kakhulu. Uma ukwelashwa kwakho kudingeka kumiswe okwesikhashana, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha ngokucophelela futhi linqume ukuthi kuphephile nini ukuqhubeka. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa kuyahlehliswa ngezinsuku noma ngamasonto ukuvumela umzimba wakho ukuthi ululame.

Ungakhathazeki uma uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lushintsha. Odokotela bakho bazolungisa uhlelo ngokusekelwe endleleni ozabela ngayo nokuthi ukuyibekezelela kahle kangakanani imithi. Umgomo uwukunikeza ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu ngenkathi ekugcina uphephile.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Aldesleukin?

Uzoqeda ukwelashwa nge-aldesleukin uma udokotela wakho enquma ukuthi akusazuzi noma uma imiphumela emibi iba nembi kakhulu. Lesi sinqumo sisekelwe ekutheni umdlavuza wakho usabela kanjani ekwelashweni kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Abanye abantu baqeda imijikelezo yabo ehleliwe, kanti abanye bangase badinge ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa izithombe kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze ahlulele ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza yini. Uma umdlavuza wakho usabela kahle, ungaqeda eminye imijikelezo. Uma ukwelashwa kungasizi noma uma uba nezinkinga ezinzima, udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngokuyeka ukwelashwa futhi acabangele ezinye izindlela.

Ngizodinga Ukunakekelwa Okulandelayo Ngemva Kwe-Aldesleukin?

Yebo, uzodinga ukuqokwa okuvamile kokulandela ngemva kokuqeda ukwelashwa nge-aldesleukin. Lokhu kuvakasha kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqaphele ukusabela komdlavuza wakho futhi abheke noma yimiphi imiphumela yesikhathi eside evela ekwelashweni. Ukulandela ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nezithombe zokuhlola.

Ukuvama kokuvakasha kokulandela kuncike esimweni sakho ngasinye. Ekuqaleni, ungase ubone udokotela wakho njalo emavikini ambalwa, bese uqhubeka kancane kancane ukuqokwa uma wenza kahle. Ukuqapha njalo kusiza ukubamba noma yikuphi ukuphindeka komdlavuza kusenesikhathi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene nokwelashwa zixazululwa ngokushesha.