Yini i-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Lopinavir ne-ritonavir iyinhlanganisela yemithi esiza ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngokuvimbela igciwane ukuthi lingaphindaphindi emzimbeni wakho. Laba bobabili abanamandla basebenza ndawonye njengoba odokotela bekwazi njenge-protease inhibitor, okusho ukuthi imisa i-HIV ekudaleni amakhophi amasha awo.

Ungase wazi lo muthi ngegama lawo lomkhiqizo elithi Kaletra, futhi bekuyisisekelo sokwelashwa kwe-HIV iminyaka eminingi. Uma ithathwa ngokuqhubekayo njengengxenye yohlelo oluphelele lokwelashwa kwe-HIV, ingasiza abantu abane-HIV ukuthi baphile impilo enempilo, egcwele.

Yini i-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir Esetshenziselwa Yona?

Lo muthi unqunyelwe ikakhulukazi ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV-1 kubantu abadala nezingane. I-HIV-1 wuhlobo oluvamile lwe-HIV olutholakala emhlabeni wonke, futhi le nhlanganisela isiza ukugcina igciwane lilawulwa.

Udokotela wakho uzohlala enquma i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir kanye neminye imithi ye-HIV, hhayi yona yodwa. Le ndlela, ebizwa ngokuthi i-combination therapy noma i-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), ikunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokucindezela igciwane liye emazingeni angatholakali.

Lo muthi ungasetshenziswa futhi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV ezimweni ezithile eziyingozi, nakuba lokhu kungavamile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzonquma ukuthi le nhlanganisela ilungile yini esimweni sakho esithile.

Isebenza Kanjani i-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir?

Le nhlanganisela isebenza ngokugxila ku-enzyme ethile edingwa yi-HIV ukuze iphindaphindeke ebizwa ngokuthi i-protease. Cabanga nge-protease njengezikele ze-molecular ezisetshenziswa yi-HIV ukusika amaprotheni ayidingayo ukuze enze izinhlayiya ezintsha zegciwane.

I-Lopinavir yenza umsebenzi onzima ngokuvimba lezi zikele ze-molecular, kuyilapho i-ritonavir isebenza njenge-booster esiza i-lopinavir ukuthi ihlale isebenza emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside. Ngaphandle kwe-ritonavir, i-lopinavir izohlukaniswa ngokushesha yisibindi sakho ukuze ingasebenzi.

Lokhu kubhekwa njengomuthi oqinile futhi osebenzayo we-HIV uma usetshenziswa ngendlela efanele. Ngenkathi idinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela isikhathi kanye nezidingo zokudla, abantu abaningi bazuza imiphumela emihle ngale nhlanganisela.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir?

Kufanele uthathe lo muthi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyala, ngokuvamile kabili ngosuku ngokudla. Ukuwuthatha ngokudla kusiza umzimba wakho ukuba umunce umuthi kangcono futhi kunciphisa isisu esibuhlungu.

Amaphilisi kufanele agwinywe wonke ngamanzi noma ubisi. Uma unohlobo olumanzi, lungisa ngokucophelela nge-dosing syringe enikeziwe, hhayi isipuni sasekhaya. Uhlobo olumanzi lungaxutshwa nobisi lukashokoledi noma u-ayisikhilimu uma kudingeka ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka.

Nawa amanye amathrekhi abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule lapho uthatha umuthi wakho:

• Yithathe ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo egazini lakho
• Gcina amaphilisi ekamelweni lokushisa, kodwa gcina uketshezi efrijini
• Ungaqomi imithamo ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono
• Setha izikhumbuzi ocingweni lwakho ukukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule
• Thatha ngokudla noma ukudla okulula okukhulu ukuze umunce kangcono

Uma uthatha uhlobo olumanzi, ungaluvumela ukuba lufike ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphambi kokuluthatha, okungase kulwenze lwamukeleke kakhulu. Njalo sebenzisa idivayisi yokulinganisa eza nomuthi wakho ukuze uthole imithamo enembile.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uzodinga ukuthatha lo muthi impilo yakho yonke njengengxenye yohlelo lwakho lokwelapha i-HIV. Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kuyisibopho sesikhathi eside, futhi ukuyeka umuthi wakho kungavumela igciwane ukuthi liphindaphindeke ngokushesha.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha intuthuko yakho njalo ngemivivinyo yegazi ehlola umthwalo wakho wegciwane kanye nenani le-CD4. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukunquma ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ngabe kudingeka yini izinguquko.

Abanye abantu bangase bagcine beshintshela emithini ehlukene ye-HIV ngenxa yemiphumela emibi noma ngenxa yokulula, kodwa lesi sinqumo kufanele senziwe nodokotela wakho. Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle kokugadwa ngudokotela, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele.

Yini Imiphumela Eyingozi Ye-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela eminingi emibi iyalawuleka futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlanganisa izinkinga zokugaya ukudla kanye nezinguquko endleleni ukudla okunambitheka ngayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okwelashwa.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ihlanganisa:

• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza
• Ukuqunjelwa noma izitulo ezixekile
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuqaqamba
• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka
• Ushintsho ekunambithekeni

Le miphumela emibi yansuku zonke ivame ukuba ngaphansi kokuphazamisa njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi. Ukuthatha imithamo yakho ngokudla kungasiza ekunciphiseni izinkinga ezihlobene nesisu kakhulu.

Imiphumela emibi ebucayi ayivamile kodwa idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kungathinta isibindi sakho, isigqi senhliziyo, noma amazinga kashukela egazini.

Imiphumela emibi ebucayi edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu obungapheli
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo (jaundice)
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile noma ukulimala
• Isiyezi esikhulu noma ukuquleka
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Izimpawu zikashukela ophezulu njengokoma ngokweqile noma ukuchama

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezibucayi, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Ukuphepha kwakho yinto eza kuqala.

Abanye abantu bangase futhi bahlangabezane nezinguquko ekusabalalisweni kwamafutha omzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuvame ngemithi eminingi ye-HIV. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuqongelela kwamafutha emzimbeni noma ukulahlekelwa kwamafutha ebusweni, ezingalweni, noma emilenzeni.

Obani okungafanele basebenzise i-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir?

Abantu abathile akufanele basebenzise le mithi ngenxa yengozi yokuxhumana okukhulu noma izinkinga. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nemithi yamanje ngaphambi kokuyinikeza.

Akufanele usebenzise i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir uma unesifo esibi sesibindi noma uma usebenzisa imithi ethile engase ixhumane ngendlela eyingozi nayo. Ingxenye ye-ritonavir ingathinta indlela isibindi sakho esicubungula ngayo ezinye izidakamizwa eziningi.

Abantu okufanele bagweme le mithi bahlanganisa labo abane:

• Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwesibindi noma i-cirrhosis
• Izifo ezithile zokushaya kwenhliziyo
• Ukungezwani ne-lopinavir, ritonavir, noma imithi ehlobene
• Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezithile njengama-sedatives athile noma ama-ergot alkaloids

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ukuqapha uma une-diabetes, isifo senhliziyo, noma umlando we-pancreatitis. Lezi zimo akudingeki zikuvimbele ekuthatheni imithi, kodwa zidinga ukuqapha okuseduze.

Njalo tshela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, nemikhiqizo yezitshalo oyithathayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda, njengoba eminye ingase ixhumane ne-lopinavir ne-ritonavir.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir

Igama lomkhiqizo elaziwa kakhulu ngale nhlanganisela yi-Kaletra, ekhiqizwa yi-AbbVie. Lo mkhiqizo ubelokhu utholakala iminyaka eminingi futhi uza ngesimo samaphilisi kanye noketshezi.

Izinhlobo ze-generic ze-lopinavir ne-ritonavir nazo ziyatholakala, eziqukethe izithako ezifanayo ezisebenzayo njengohlobo lomkhiqizo. Umshwalense wakho ungase ukhethe uhlobo olujwayelekile, olungasiza ukunciphisa izindleko zakho zemithi.

Noma ngabe uthola igama lomkhiqizo noma inguqulo ejwayelekile, umuthi usebenza ngendlela efanayo. Umkhemisi wakho angaphendula noma yimiphi imibuzo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inguqulo oyitholayo.

Ezinye izindlela zikaLopinavir kanye noRitonavir

Kukhona ezinye izinhlanganisela zemithi ye-HIV ezitholakalayo uma i-lopinavir kanye ne-ritonavir ingakulungele. Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kwesimanje kunikeza izinketho eziningi eziphumelelayo ezinemiphumela ehlukene.

Imithi ye-HIV entsha ebizwa ngokuthi ama-integrase inhibitors, njengezinhlanganisela ezisekelwe ku-dolutegravir, ngokuvamile zikhethwa njengokwelashwa kokuqala namuhla. Le mithi emisha ngokuvamile inemiphumela emincane kanye nokusebenzisana kwemithi uma iqhathaniswa nama-protease inhibitors.

Ezinye izigaba zemithi ye-HIV ehlukile zihlanganisa:

• Ama-integrase strand transfer inhibitors (njenge-dolutegravir noma i-bictegravir)
• Ezinye izinhlobo zama-protease inhibitors (njenge-darunavir noma i-atazanavir)
• Ama-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• Ama-entry inhibitors ezimweni ezithile

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengendlela yakho yokumelana negciwane, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, kanye nezintandokazi zemithi lapho ekhetha ezinye izindlela. Umgomo uhlala ukuthola inhlanganisela ephumelela kakhulu enemiphumela emincane esimweni sakho ngasinye.

Ingabe i-Lopinavir kanye ne-Ritonavir ingcono kune-Darunavir?

Kokubili i-lopinavir/ritonavir kanye ne-darunavir bangama-protease inhibitors asebenzayo, kodwa i-darunavir ngokuvamile ithathwa njengeyesimanje enezinzuzo ezithile. Ukukhetha phakathi kwabo kuncike esimweni sakho esithile sezokwelapha kanye nomlando wokwelashwa.

I-Darunavir ngokuvamile ibangela imiphumela emincane emathunjini kuno-lopinavir/ritonavir, okusho ukuthi ukungabi namandla nokuhuda okuncane kubantu abaningi. Futhi inesithiyo esiphezulu sokumelana, okusho ukuthi i-HIV mancane amathuba okuthi izokwazi ukumelana nayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Noma kunjalo, i-lopinavir/ritonavir isetshenziswe ngempumelelo iminyaka eminingi futhi iseyindlela esebenzayo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abaye bahlakulela ukumelana neminye imithi ye-HIV. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kokumelana lapho enza lesi sinqumo.

Umuthi ongcono kakhulu we-HIV kuwe yilowo ocindezela ngempumelelo umthwalo wakho we-viral ngemiphumela engemihle ongayiphatha ngokunethezeka. Yomibili imithi ingafinyelela imiphumela emihle uma isetshenziswa njengengxenye yohlelo lokwelapha oluphelele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir

Ingabe i-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir Kuphephile Kubantu Abanesifo Sikashukela?

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela ngokuvamile bangathatha i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir ngokuphepha, kodwa badinga ukuqapha eduze amazinga abo kashukela egazini. Lo muthi ngezinye izikhathi ungakhuphula i-glucose yegazi, ngakho udokotela wakho angase adinge ukulungisa imithi yakho yesifo sikashukela.

Hlola ushukela wakho wegazi kaningi lapho uqala lo muthi, ikakhulukazi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala. Uma uqaphela ukufundwa okuphezulu okuqhubekayo, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uxoxe ngokulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokuphatha isifo sikashukela.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngenhlanhla Ngithatha i-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir Eningi Kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uthatha okungaphezu komthamo wakho obekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukuthatha okuningi kakhulu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi engathí sina, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi uyagula yini. Noma ngabe uzizwa kahle, kubalulekile ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha mayelana nokuthi wenzeni ngokulandelayo. Gcina ibhodlela lomuthi unawe lapho ushayela ukuze ukwazi ukunikeza imininingwane ethile ngalokho nokuthi uthathe okungakanani.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngedlula Umthamo We-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir?

Uma udlula umthamo futhi sekudlule amahora angaphansi kwangu-6 kusukela ngesikhathi sakho esihleliwe, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula ngokudla. Uma sekudlule amahora angaphezu kwangu-6, weqa umthamo owuphuthelwe bese uthatha umthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ubuyisele umthamo owuphuthelwe. Lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela engemihle ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngenzuzo eyengeziwe. Zama ukubuyela esimisweni sakho esivamile ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ngingayeka nini Ukuthatha i-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir?

Akufanele uyeke ukuthatha i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukuyeka imithi ye-HIV kungavumela igciwane ukuthi liphindeke ngokushesha futhi likwazi ukumelana nemithi yakho.

Udokotela wakho angase ashintshe imithi yakho ye-HIV ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, njengemiphumela engemihle noma ukwenza lula ukwelashwa kwakho. Noma yiziphi izinguquko kufanele zenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha ngohlelo olucacile lokushintshela emithini emisha.

Ngingakwazi yini Ukuphuza Utshwala Ngenkathi Ngithatha i-Lopinavir ne-Ritonavir?

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokulinganisela kuvamile ukwamukeleka ngenkathi kuthathwa lo muthi, kodwa ukuphuza ngokweqile kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga zesibindi futhi kungase kwenze kube kubi eminye imiphumela engemihle efana nesicanucanu.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza utshwala, yenza kanjalo ngokulinganisela futhi unake ukuthi kukuthinta kanjani. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi utshwala bunqamula isisu noma ukukhathala uma kuhlanganiswe nemithi ye-HIV. Njalo xoxa ngokusebenzisa kwakho utshwala ngobuqotho nodokotela wakho.