Yini i-Naloxone Nasal Spray: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Naloxone nasal spray iyimithi esindisa impilo engahlehlisa ukweqisa kwe-opioid ngemizuzu. Yenzelwe ukuba ibe lula ngokwanele kunoma ubani ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo, ngisho nangaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha.

Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimba ama-opioid receptors ebuchosheni bakho, empeleni “ixosha” izidakamizwa eziyingozi njenge-heroin, i-fentanyl, noma izidambisi zokuhlungu ezibhalwe ngudokotela. Cabanga ngayo njengenkinobho yokusetha kabusha esiphuthumayo engabuyisa umuntu ekweqiseni okungabulala.

Yini i-Naloxone Nasal Spray?

I-Naloxone nasal spray iyisitha se-opioid esiza ngedivayisi yomlomo esilungele ukusetshenziswa. Yimithi efanayo esetshenziswa ngabaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo, kodwa ipakishwe ngendlela eyenza ifinyeleleke emindenini, kubangani, nakumalungu omphakathi.

Ifomu le-nasal spray libaluleke kakhulu ngoba alidingi izinaliti noma ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Umane ususe ikepisi, ulifake emgodini wamakhala womuntu, bese ucindezela i-plunger ngokuqinile. Imithi imunca ngokushesha ngezicubu zamakhala futhi ingena egazini ngemizuzu emi-2-3.

Le mithi ibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuthi izifundazwe eziningi manje zivumela amakhemisi ukuthi ayinikeze ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela. Ithathwa njethuluzi elibalulekile ekubhekaneni nenkinga ye-opioid ethinta imiphakathi ezweni lonke.

Yini i-Naloxone Nasal Spray Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Naloxone nasal spray inenjongo eyodwa eyinhloko: ukuhlehla ukweqisa kwe-opioid okungenzeka ukuthi kungabulala. Isebenza ngokumelene nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-opioids, okuhlanganisa imithi kadokotela kanye nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni zasemgwaqweni.

Imithi yenzelwe ngokuqondile izimo eziphuthumayo lapho umuntu ethatha kakhulu i-opioid futhi ukuphefumula kwabo kuye kwehlisa noma kwayeka. Izimpawu zokuthi umuntu angase adinge i-naloxone zihlanganisa izindebe eziluhlaza noma izinzipho, imisindo yokugigiyela, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, nokuphefumula okuhamba kancane kakhulu noma okungabikho.

Nazi lezi zimo lapho i-naloxone nasal spray ingasindisa impilo:

• Ukweqisa umthamo wama-opioid okuyimithi kadokotela afana ne-oxycodone, i-morphine, noma ama-fentanyl patches
• Ukweqisa umthamo we-heroin
• Ubuthi be-Fentanyl obuvela emithini yasemgwaqweni
• Ukungenisa ngengozi ama-opioid ezinganeni
• Ukweqisa umthamo wokuxuba ama-opioid notshwala noma ezinye izinto

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-naloxone isebenza okwesikhashana. Imithi ivamise ukuhlala imizuzu engama-30-90, kanti amanye ama-opioid angahlala ohlelweni isikhathi eside, okusho ukuthi imiphumela yokweqisa umthamo ingabuyela.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Naloxone Nasal Spray?

I-naloxone nasal spray isebenza ngokuncintisana nama-opioid ngama-receptors afanayo ebuchosheni bakho. Inokukhanga okunamandla kula ma-receptors kunama-opioid amaningi, ngakho-ke ingawaqeda futhi iguqule imiphumela yawo.

Lapho ama-opioid enamathela kuma-receptors obuchopho, anciphisa ukuphefumula nesivinini senhliziyo ezingeni eliyingozi. I-Naloxone ivimba la ma-receptors afanayo, ivumela ukuphefumula okuvamile nokuqwashisa ukuthi kubuyele. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngemizuzu engu-2-5 ngemuva kokuphathwa.

Imithi ithathwa njengemaphakathi ngamandla ayo. Inamandla ngokwanele ukuguqula ngisho nama-opioid anamandla afana ne-fentanyl, kodwa ingadinga imithamo eminingi yama-opioid aqinile kakhulu noma ahlala isikhathi eside. Abanye abantu bangase badinge umthamo wesibili uma bengasabeli kowokuqala ngemizuzu engu-3-4.

Kufanele Ngiyisebenzise Kanjani I-Naloxone Nasal Spray?

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-naloxone nasal spray kulula, kodwa ukwazi izinyathelo ezifanele kungenza umehluko phakathi kwempilo nokufa. Okokuqala, shayela ku-911 ngokushesha ngaphambi noma ngemuva nje kokunikeza imithi.

Nansi indlela yokuyisebenzisa ngendlela efanele:

1. Susa idivayisi ye-naloxone ekuphaketheni layo
2. Khipha ikepu eliphuzi lokuphepha
3. Faka ithiphu ngokuqinile emgodini owodwa wamakhala kuze kube yilapho iminwe yakho ithinta phansi kwekhala lomuntu
4. Cindezela i-plunger ngokuqinile nangokuphelele ngesithupha sakho
5. Susa idivayisi bese uphendula umuntu ngohlangothi lwakhe

Ngemuva kokunikeza umuthi, hlala nomuntu bese ubuka ukuphefumula kwakhe. Uma engavuki phakathi nemizuzu engu-2-3, nikeza umthamo wesibili emgodini wamanye amakhala uma unayo.

Akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokunikeza i-naloxone kumuntu ongazange athathe ama-opioids. Umuthi ngeke ubalimaze, yize bengase bazizwe bengakhululekile okwesikhashana. Kuhlale kungcono ukwenza ngokuqapha esimweni esiphuthumayo.

Kufanele Ngiyisebenzise Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Naloxone Nasal Spray?

I-naloxone nasal spray yenzelwe izimo eziphuthumayo zokusetshenziswa okukodwa, hhayi ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Idivayisi ngayinye iqukethe umthamo owodwa, futhi kufanele uyisebenzise ngokushesha lapho usola ukuthi kukhona ukweqisa kwe-opioid.

Imiphumela ye-naloxone ivamise ukuhlala imizuzu engu-30-90. Lesi senzo sesikhashana sisho ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo kusabalulekile, ngisho nangemva kokuthi umuntu evukile. I-opioid engaphansi ingase isasebenza ohlelweni lwabo futhi ingase ibangele okunye ukweqisa lapho i-naloxone isiphela.

Uma othile eba nokweqisa okuphindaphindiwe, badinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha okuchwepheshile kanye nezinsizakalo zokusekela umlutha. I-Naloxone iyithuluzi lokuhlenga eliphuthumayo, hhayi isixazululo sesikhathi eside sokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwe-opioid.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Naloxone Nasal Spray?

I-naloxone nasal spray ngokuvamile iphephile kakhulu, inemiphumela eminingi emincane futhi yesikhashana. Umuthi wenzelwe ukusindisa izimpilo, ngakho izinzuzo zawo zidlula kakhulu izingozi ezingaba khona ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile ongase uyibone ihlanganisa:

• Ukuphuma emakhaleni noma ukucasuka emakhaleni
• Ukuqaqamba kwekhanda
• Isiyezi noma ukungaqiniseki
• Isicanucanu noma isisu esibuhlungu
• Ukuzizwa ungenakuzinza noma uvuselekile

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile kodwa ingabandakanya izimpawu zokuhoxiswa okungazelelwe kubantu abasebenzisa ama-opioid njalo. Lezi zimpawu zingabandakanya ukukhathazeka okukhulu, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma ukulangazelela izidakamizwa okukhulu.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, abantu bangase babe nokusabela komzimba ku-naloxone. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo, noma ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okukhulu. Uma lezi zimpawu zivela, funa ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ubani Ongafanele Asebenzise I-Naloxone Nasal Spray?

Cishe wonke umuntu angasebenzisa ngokuphepha i-naloxone nasal spray esimweni esiphuthumayo, okuhlanganisa abesifazane abakhulelwe, izingane, kanye nabantu abadala. Izinzuzo zokonga impilo zomuthi zidlula cishe zonke izingozi.

Abantu kuphela okufanele bagweme i-naloxone yilabo abaziwa ukuthi banokungezwani komzimba okukhulu emuthini ngokwawo, okuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Ngisho nabantu abanokunye ukungezwani komzimba noma izimo zezokwelapha bangasebenzisa ngokuphepha i-naloxone ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo sokweqisa umthamo.

Abantu abancike ngokomzimba kuma-opioid bazoba nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa ngemva kokuthola i-naloxone, kodwa lokhu kulindelekile futhi kungokwesikhashana. Ukungakhululeki kokuhoxiswa kuphephe kakhulu kunenye indlela yokweqisa umthamo ongaphathwanga.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Naloxone

I-Naloxone nasal spray itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, i-Narcan iyona eyaziwa kakhulu. I-Narcan itholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta emathilini amaningi futhi ivame ukusatshalaliswa mahhala ngezinhlelo zomphakathi.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo afaka i-Kloxxado, equkethe umthamo ophezulu we-naloxone futhi ingasebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-opioid anamandla afana ne-fentanyl. Yomibili imikhiqizo isebenza ngendlela efanayo kodwa ingase ibe nezincomo zokulinganisa ezihlukile kancane.

I-naloxone nasal spray ejwayelekile iyatholakala futhi isebenza ngempumelelo njengoba kwenza nezinhlobo ezinamagama. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokufinyelela kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizo we-naloxone kunokukhathazeka ngemikhiqizo ethile.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Naloxone

I-naloxone nasal spray iyindlela esetshenziswa kalula yalo muthi, kodwa ezinye izinketho zikhona zezimo ezihlukene. I-naloxone ejovwayo iyatholakala ochwepheshe bezokwelapha nakwezinye izinhlelo zomphakathi, nakuba idinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ukuze isetshenziswe ngokuphepha.

Amadivayisi e-auto-injector afana ne-Evzio anikeza imiyalelo eqondiswa yizwi yokunikeza i-naloxone ngesikhumba. Lawa madivayisi abiza kakhulu kodwa angasiza abantu abesaba ukusebenzisa i-nasal spray.

Azikho ezinye izindlela zangempela ze-naloxone zokuguqula ukweqisa kwe-opioid. Eminye imithi efana ne-flumazenil isebenza kwezinye izinhlobo zokweqisa, kodwa ngeke isize ngobuthi be-opioid. I-Naloxone isahlala iyindinganiso yegolide yokuguqulwa kwe-opioid overdose.

Ingabe i-Naloxone Nasal Spray ingcono kune-Naloxone ejovwayo?

I-naloxone nasal spray inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezijovwayo, ikakhulukazi kubasebenzisi abangewona abezokwelapha. I-nasal spray ayidingi izinaliti, okususa ingozi yokulimala kwe-needle-stick futhi kwenza kungesabisi amalungu omndeni noma abangane ukuyisebenzisa.

Izinga lokumuncwa ngamathishu ekhala lihamba kancane kancane kunomjovo, kodwa lishesha ngokwanele ukuba lisebenze kakhulu ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Abantu abaningi basabela ku-naloxone ye-nasal ngemizuzu emi-2-5, uma kuqhathaniswa nemizuzu emi-1-3 yokujova.

I-naloxone ejovwayo ingase ithembeke kancane ezimweni ezithile, njengalapho umuntu enokuminyana okukhulu kwamakhala noma ukulimala. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kalula kanye nephrofayili yokuphepha ye-nasal spray kuyenza ibe yindlela ekhethwayo yokusatshalaliswa komphakathi namakhithi eziphuthumayo omndeni.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Naloxone Nasal Spray

Q1. Ingabe i-Naloxone Nasal Spray iphephile Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe?

Yebo, i-naloxone nasal spray iphephile kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe abahlangabezana nokweqisa kwe-opioid. Umuthi awuweli kakhulu i-placenta, futhi ukusindisa impilo yomama kuyinto eza kuqala esimweni esiphuthumayo sokweqisa.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe abancike ngokomzimba kuma-opioid bangase bahlangabezane nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa ngemva kokuthola i-naloxone, kodwa lokhu kusaphephile kakhulu kunokuvumela ukweqisa ukuba kuqhubeke. Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo kufanele kufunwe ngokushesha kunoma yimuphi owesifazane okhulelwe othola i-naloxone.

Umbuzo 2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngisebenzisa i-Naloxone eningi ngengozi?

Kucishe kungenzeki ukweqisa nge-naloxone nasal spray, ngisho noma usebenzisa ngengozi imithamo eminingi. Umuthi unomkhawulo wokuphepha ophezulu kakhulu, futhi i-naloxone eyeqile ngeke ibangele imiphumela eyengeziwe ngaphandle kokuvimba ama-opioid receptors.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-naloxone eyengeziwe kungase kubangele izimpawu zokuhoxiswa ezinzima kakhulu kumuntu oqhubeka nokusebenzisa ama-opioid njalo, kodwa lokhu akuyona ingozi. Umuntu angase azizwe engakhululekile, kodwa ngeke ahlangabezane nemiphumela esongela impilo ngenxa ye-naloxone eningi.

Umbuzo 3. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa ukunikeza umthamo we-Naloxone?

I-Naloxone akuyona imithi oyithatha ngohlelo, ngakho-ke awukwazi ngempela ukuphuthelwa umthamo. Uma usola ukuthi othile udinga i-naloxone kodwa ungakanikezi, mnike ngokushesha. Isikhathi sibalulekile ezimweni zokweqisa.

Uma unikeze umthamo owodwa futhi umuntu akasabeli ngemva kwemizuzu emi-2-3, nikeza umthamo wesibili uma unayo. Ungalindi noma unganqikazi uma impilo yomuntu isengozini.

Umbuzo 4. Ngingayeka nini ukusebenzisa i-Naloxone?

Uyeka ukusebenzisa i-naloxone uma umuntu ephefumula ngokujwayelekile futhi esabela, noma uma izinsiza zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo zifika ukuzothatha ukunakekelwa. Idivayisi ngayinye ye-naloxone isetshenziswa kanye kuphela, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa leyo efanayo.

Khumbula ukuthi imiphumela ye-naloxone yesikhashana, ihlala imizuzu engama-30-90. Umuntu udinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuchwepheshile ngisho nangemva kokuvuka, njengoba ukweqisa kungabuyela lapho i-naloxone isiphela.

Q5. Ngingamnika Izingane I-Naloxone?

Yebo, i-naloxone nasal spray iphephile ezinganeni eziye zangenisa ama-opioids ngengozi. Izingane zingase zizwele kakhulu kuma-opioids, ngakho-ke zivame ukusabela kahle ekwelashweni kwe-naloxone.

Ukulinganisa kufana nezingane njengabantu abadala - isifutho esisodwa emgodini owodwa wamakhala. Shayela ku-911 ngokushesha bese ulandela izinyathelo ezifanayo zokuphatha. Izingane ezithola i-naloxone zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha eziphuthumayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azibhekana nezimpawu zokweqisa eziphindayo.