Yini i-Tecovirimat (Indlela yokujova): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Tecovirimat ngumuthi olwa namagciwane owenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha izifo ze-smallpox kanye ne-monkeypox. Lo muthi usebenza ngokuvimba igciwane ukuthi lingasakazeki phakathi kwamaseli emzimbeni wakho, okusiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi alwe nokutheleleka ngempumelelo.

Uhlobo lwe-intravenous lwe-tecovirimat lusetshenziswa lapho iziguli zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha noma zingakwazi ukuthatha imithi yomlomo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzonquma ukuthi ngabe indlela ye-IV iyindlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Yini i-Tecovirimat?

I-Tecovirimat ngumuthi wokuqala ovunywe yi-FDA owenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha izifo ze-orthopoxvirus, okuhlanganisa i-smallpox ne-monkeypox. Ingowodwa yohlobo lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-viral protein inhibitors, okusho ukuthi imisa amagciwane ukuthi angaqedi umjikelezo wawo wokuphila emzimbeni wakho.

Lo muthi wathuthukiswa njengengxenye yemizamo kazwelonke yokuzivikela ngobuchwepheshe futhi umele ukuqhubeka okukhulu ekwelapheni lokhu kutheleleka okungase kube kubi kwamagciwane. Ukwakheka kwe-intravenous kuvumela odokotela ukuthi balethe umuthi ngqo egazini lakho lapho ukwelashwa okusheshayo kudingeka.

I-Tecovirimat yaziwa nangegama layo lomkhiqizo elithi TPOXX, futhi ithathwa njengomuthi okhethekile ovame ukugcinelwa izifo eziqinisekisiwe noma ezisoliswayo ze-orthopoxvirus.

Yini i-Tecovirimat Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Tecovirimat intravenous isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha izifo ze-smallpox kanye ne-monkeypox kubantu abadala nezingane. Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze lo muthi uma unokutheleleka okuqinisekisiwe noma uma usengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa izinkinga ezinzima ezivela kula magciwane.

Umuthi usebenza kahle kakhulu uma uqala ekuqaleni kwesifo, okungcono phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala zokuqala kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ingahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ngisho noma ukwelashwa kuqala kamuva ekuguleni.

Kwezinye izimo, abahlinzeki bezempilo bangasebenzisa i-tecovirimat kwezinye izifo ze-orthopoxvirus, njenge-cowpox noma izifo ze-vaccinia virus, ikakhulukazi uma lezi zenzeka ezigulini ezingenawo amandla okuzivikela noma zibangela izimpawu ezinzima.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Tecovirimat?

I-Tecovirimat isebenza ngokugxila kuphrotheni ethile ebizwa nge-VP37 edingwa ama-orthopoxvirus ukuze asakazeke esuka kwesinye iseli siya kwelinye. Ngokuvimba le phrotheni, umuthi empeleni ubamba igciwane ngaphakathi kwamaseli anegciwane, okuvimbela ukuthi lingasakazeki emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Cabanga ngayo njengokubeka izithiyo ezivimbela igciwane ukuthi lingayi ezindaweni ezintsha zomzimba wakho. Lokhu kunika amasosha akho omzimba isikhathi sokubona nokulwa nokutheleleka ngempumelelo.

Lo muthi uthathwa njengomuthi oqinile ngokulinganisela futhi oqondene kakhulu nama-orthopoxvirus. Awusebenzi kwezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane, yingakho usetshenziswa kuphela ezifweni eziqinisekisiwe noma ezisoliswayo ze-smallpox kanye ne-monkeypox.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Tecovirimat Intravenous?

I-Tecovirimat intravenous inikezwa kuphela ezibhedlela noma ezindaweni zokwelapha ngabasebenzi bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe. Ngeke uzinikeze lo muthi wena ekhaya, njengoba kudinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela kanye nemishini efanele ye-IV.

Umuthi uvame ukunikezwa ngomthambo engalweni yakho isikhathi esingaba imizuzu engama-60. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizolungisa isixazululo se-IV futhi likuqaphe ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka umuthi.

Akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuthatha lo muthi nokudla njengoba uqondiswa ngqo emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlala unamanzi ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa kungasiza umzimba wakho ukuthi usebenzise umuthi ngempumelelo.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile futhi libheke noma yiziphi izindlela zokuphendula ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Bazophinda bahlole indawo yakho ye-IV njalo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi umuthi ugeleza kahle.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Tecovirimat?

Ukwelashwa okuvamile kwe-tecovirimat intravenous kungama-14 izinsuku, nakuba udokotela wakho angase akulungise lokhu ngokuya ngesimo sakho kanye nokuphendula ekwelashweni. Ezinye iziguli zingase zidinge izikhathi zokwelashwa ezimfushane noma ezinde ngokuya ngobukhulu bokutheleleka kwazo.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola inqubekela phambili yakho kuyo yonke inkathi yokwelashwa futhi angase akuqhubekisele ku-tecovirimat yomlomo uma isimo sakho sithuthuka futhi ukwazi ukubekezelela imithi yomlomo. Lokhu kushintsha kuvame ukwenzeka uma uzinzile futhi ungasadingi ukuqashwa okukhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqeda inkathi ephelele yokwelashwa ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ungcono. Ukuyeka imithi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungase kuvumele igciwane ukuthi libuye futhi kungaholela ekumelaneni nokwelashwa.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Tecovirimat?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-tecovirimat intravenous ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle. Ukuqonda ukuthi okulindelekile kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke kakhulu futhi wazi ukuthi nini okufanele uxwayise ithimba lakho lezempilo.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlanganisa isicanucanu, ikhanda, nokukhathala. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuba mnene futhi zithambekele ekuthuthukeni njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi.

Nansi imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu iziguli ezibikayo:

• Isicanucanu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanza
• Ikhanda elingahluka kusuka kokuncane kuya kokulingene
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Isiyezi noma ukuzizwa unovalo
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukungakhululeki kwesisu
• Ukuphuma isifo sohudo noma izinguquko ekuhambeni kwamathumbu
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma ukuluma endaweni ye-IV

Le miphumela emibi ejwayelekile ngokuvamile ayidingi ukwelashwa ukuze iyeke, kodwa ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokuqapha eduze futhi linganikeza ukunakekelwa okusekelayo uma kudingeka.

Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nemiphumela engavamile kodwa ekhathazayo edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, izinguquko ezingavamile ekushayeni kwenhliziyo, noma izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebucayi ihlanganisa:

• Ukusabela okukhulu komzimba okunzima ukuphefumula noma ukuvuvukala
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo (izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi)
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu noma ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo
• Ukuqina noma ukopha okungavamile
• Isiyezi esikhulu noma ukuquleka

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqeqeshwe ukubona nokuphatha lezi zinkinga ezingavamile, ngakho-ke uzoqashwa eduze ngaso sonke isikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Tecovirimat?

I-Tecovirimat ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abaningi, kodwa abanye abantu bangase badinge izinyathelo ezikhethekile noma ukwelashwa okuhlukile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuqala lo muthi.

Abantu abaziwa ukuthi banezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ne-tecovirimat noma yiziphi izithako zayo akufanele bathole lo muthi. Udokotela wakho uzobuza mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukusabela okungokomzimba emithini noma ezinye izinto.

Iziguli ezinokugula kwesibindi okukhulu zingase zidinge ukulungiswa komthamo noma ukwelashwa okuhlukile, njengoba umuthi usetshenzwa yisibindi. Udokotela wakho cishe uzohlola ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo badinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile, nakuba umuthi usengasetshenziswa uma izinzuzo zidlula izingozi. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizoxoxa ngalezi zinto nawe ngemininingwane.

Izingane zingathola i-tecovirimat, kodwa umthamo uzobalwa ngokucophelela ngokusekelwe esisindweni sabo nobudala babo. Iziguli ze-pediatric zidinga ukuqashwa okuseduze ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Igama Lomkhiqizo Le-Tecovirimat

I-Tecovirimat ithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi TPOXX yi-SIGA Technologies. Lolu wuhlobo olulodwa kuphela olugunyazwe yi-FDA lwe-tecovirimat olutholakala e-United States.

I-TPOXX iyatholakala ngamafomu omuthi wokugwinya kanye nowokujova emithanjeni, nakuba ifomu le-IV livame ukugcinelwa iziguli ezibhedlela noma labo abangakwazi ukuthatha imithi yomlomo.

Ungase futhi uzwe abahlinzeki bezempilo bekhuluma ngomuthi ngegama lawo elivamile, i-tecovirimat, noma ngekhodi yawo yokuthuthukisa i-ST-246, eyayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komtholampilo.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-Tecovirimat

Njengamanje, i-tecovirimat iyona kuphela imithi elwa namagciwane egunyazwe yi-FDA eyenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha izifo ze-orthopoxvirus njengeminyovu kanye ne-monkeypox. Kodwa-ke, zikhona ezinye izindlela zokwelapha udokotela wakho angazicabangela.

I-Cidofovir ne-brincidofovir yimithi elwa namagciwane ekhombise umsebenzi othile ngokumelene ne-orthopoxviruses, nakuba ingagunyazwanga ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu. Le mithi ivame ukugcinelwa amacala abucayi noma uma i-tecovirimat ingatholakali.

I-Vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) enye indlela yokwelapha enikeza ama-antibody ukusiza ukulwa nezifo ze-orthopoxvirus. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana nemithi elwa namagciwane ezimweni ezinzima.

Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kuhlala kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa, okuhlanganisa ukuphatha ubuhlungu, ukunakekelwa kwamanxeba, nokugcina amanzi kanye nokudla okunomsoco. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizohlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okuphelele ngaphezu nje komuthi olwa namagciwane.

Ingabe i-Tecovirimat ingcono kune-Cidofovir?

I-Tecovirimat ngokuvamile ithathwa njengokwelashwa okukhethwayo kwezifo ze-orthopoxvirus ngoba yayenzelwe ngqo lawa magciwane futhi inohlu olungcono lokuphepha kune-cidofovir. I-Cidofovir ingabangela ubuthi obukhulu bezinso futhi idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela.

Ngenkathi i-cidofovir inemisebenzi ebanzi yokulwa namagciwane, indlela eqondiswe ngqo ye-tecovirimat isho ukuthi isebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni i-smallpox kanye ne-monkeypox ngemiphumela emincane emibi. Umehluko wokuphepha ubaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezidinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside.

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezinzima noma uma i-tecovirimat ingatholakali, i-cidofovir ingase isasetshenziswa. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokhetha umuthi ongcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nobukhulu bokutheleleka kwakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Tecovirimat

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe i-Tecovirimat iphephile Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe?

I-Tecovirimat ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho izinzuzo zidlula izingozi ezingaba khona. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ezilwaneni alukakhombisi ukulimala ezinganeni ezisakhula, kodwa idatha yabantu ilinganiselwe njengoba umuthi umusha.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela ubukhulu bokutheleleka kwakho ngokumelene nanoma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona ekukhulelweni kwakho. Ukutheleleka nge-orthopoxvirus okungelashwanga kungaba kubi kokubili kumama nengane, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kuvame ukunconywa.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi udinga i-tecovirimat, uzothola ukuqapha okwengeziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizosebenza ngokubambisana nodokotela wakho wezifo zabesifazane ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okungcono kokubili kuwe nengane yakho.

Umbuzo 2. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Nginokungezwani komzimba ne-Tecovirimat?

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwakho kwe-IV, njengokuphefumula kanzima, ukuvuvukala, noma ukusabela okukhulu kwesikhumba, yazisa ithimba lakho lezempilo ngokushesha. Njengoba uthola umuthi endaweni yezokwelapha, usizo luyatholakala kalula.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqeqeshwe ukubona nokwelapha ukungezwani komzimba ngokushesha. Bazoyeka ukufakwa ngokushesha futhi banikeze ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo okufanele, okungase kuhlanganise imithi efana ne-antihistamines noma ama-corticosteroids.

Ukuphendula okuncane njengokuluma okuncane noma ukuqubuka okuncane kungalawulwa ngokunciphisa izinga lokufakwa noma ukuhlinzeka ngemithi esekelayo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizothatha isinqumo esingcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ekuqineni kokuphendula kwakho.

Q3. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngeqa Umthamo We-Tecovirimat IV?

Njengoba i-tecovirimat intravenous inikezwa esibhedlela noma endaweni yezokwelapha, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaqe umthamo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lilandela isimiso esiqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola imithi yakho ngezikhathi ezifanele.

Uma ngasizathu simbe umthamo ulibala ngenxa yezinqubo zezokwelapha noma ezinye izimo, ithimba lakho lezempilo lizolungisa isimiso ngokufanele. Bazoqinisekisa ukuthi usathola ukwelashwa okuphelele.

Ungakhathazeki ngokulandela umkhondo wemithamo ngokwakho. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha linomthwalo wokuphatha isimiso sakho semithi futhi lizoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele.

Q4. Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Tecovirimat?

Akufanele uyeke ukwelashwa nge-tecovirimat ngokwakho. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzonquma ukuthi kuphephile nini ukuyeka imithi ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwakho ekwelashweni kanye nokuxazululwa kokutheleleka kwakho.

Iziguli eziningi ziqeda inkambo ephelele yezinsuku eziyi-14 zokwelashwa, ngisho noma ziqala ukuzizwa zingcono ngaphambi kwalokho. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela igciwane ukuthi libuyele futhi kungaholela ekumelaneni nokwelashwa.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha inqubekela phambili yakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa futhi angase enze izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutheleleka kuyaxazululwa ngaphambi kokuyeka imithi.

Q5. Ngingashintsha Ngisuka Ku-IV Ngiye Ku-Oral Tecovirimat?

Yebo, iziguli eziningi zingashintsha zisuka ku-intravenous ziye ku-oral tecovirimat uma isimo sazo sizinzile futhi zikwazi ukubekezelela imithi yomlomo. Lokhu kuguquka kuvame ukwenzeka uma ungasadingi ukuqashwa okukhulu.

Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizohlola izinto eziningana ngaphambi kokwenza lolu shintsho, okuhlanganisa ikhono lakho lokugwinya amaphilisi, isimo sakho esiphelele, nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani emithini.

Ushintsho lwemithi yomlomo ngokuvamile luvumela iziguli ukuthi ziqede inkambo yazo yokwelashwa ekhaya, okungaba ntofontofo futhi kube lula ngenkathi kusaqinisekisa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.