What is Zavegepant: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects and More

Zavegepant is a newer nasal spray medication designed specifically to treat migraine headaches once they've already started. It belongs to a class of drugs called CGRP receptor antagonists, which work by blocking certain pain signals in your brain that contribute to migraine attacks.

This medication offers hope for people who need fast-acting relief from migraines, especially when traditional treatments haven't worked well or caused unwanted side effects. The nasal spray form means it can start working relatively quickly, often within two hours of use.

What is Zavegepant Used For?

Zavegepant is specifically approved for treating acute migraine attacks in adults. This means it's designed to stop a migraine once it has already begun, rather than preventing future migraines from occurring.

Your doctor might recommend zavegepant if you experience moderate to severe migraine headaches that interfere with your daily activities. It can help reduce the intense throbbing pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound that often come with migraines.

The medication is particularly useful for people who can't take triptans (another class of migraine medications) due to heart conditions or other health concerns. It may also be an option if you've tried other acute migraine treatments without success.

How Does Zavegepant Work?

Zavegepant works by blocking CGRP receptors in your brain and blood vessels. CGRP stands for calcitonin gene-related peptide, which is a protein that plays a key role in migraine pain and inflammation.

During a migraine attack, CGRP levels increase and cause blood vessels in your head to dilate and become inflamed. By blocking these CGRP receptors, zavegepant helps prevent this cascade of events that leads to migraine pain.

This medication is considered moderately strong for migraine treatment. It's not as powerful as some injectable medications, but it's more targeted than basic pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen.

How Should I Take Zavegepant?

Zavegepant comes as a nasal spray that you use at the first sign of a migraine headache. The standard dose is one spray (10 mg) in one nostril, and you should only use it when you actually have a migraine.

Before using the spray, gently blow your nose to clear any mucus. Remove the cap, insert the tip into one nostril, and press the plunger firmly while breathing in gently through your nose. You don't need to take it with food or water.

Here's what you should know about timing and preparation:

• Use the spray as soon as you notice migraine symptoms beginning
• Don't eat or drink anything immediately before or after using the spray
• Wait at least 24 hours before using another dose
• Store the medication at room temperature, away from heat and direct sunlight
• Prime the spray device before first use by pressing the plunger until you see a fine mist

The medication doesn't require any special dietary restrictions, but using it on an empty stomach may help it work faster. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions, as they may adjust the timing based on your individual needs.

How Long Should I Take Zavegepant For?

Zavegepant is designed for short-term use during individual migraine attacks, not as a daily preventive medication. You should only use it when you're experiencing an active migraine, and the effects typically last for the duration of that particular headache episode.

Most people find relief within 2 hours of using the nasal spray, though some may notice improvement sooner. The medication's effects can last up to 24 hours, which is why you need to wait a full day before using another dose.

You shouldn't use zavegepant more than 8 times per month. If you find yourself needing migraine treatment more frequently than this, it's important to discuss preventive migraine medications with your doctor.

What Are the Side Effects of Zavegepant?

Most people tolerate zavegepant well, but like all medications, it can cause side effects. The most common ones are generally mild and related to the nasal spray delivery method.

Here are the side effects you're most likely to experience:

• Altered taste in your mouth (often described as metallic or bitter)
• Nasal discomfort or irritation
• Nausea (though this may also be from your migraine)
• Throat irritation or dry mouth
• Fatigue or drowsiness

These common side effects usually go away on their own within a few hours and don't require medical attention unless they become severe or persistent.

Less common but more serious side effects can occur, though they're rare. These might include severe allergic reactions, which would cause symptoms like difficulty breathing, swelling of your face or throat, or widespread rash. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek emergency medical care immediately.

Some people may also experience more intense nasal irritation, including nosebleeds or a burning sensation that doesn't improve. While not dangerous, these symptoms warrant a conversation with your healthcare provider.

Who Should Not Take Zavegepant?

Zavegepant isn't suitable for everyone, and your doctor will carefully evaluate whether it's safe for you based on your medical history and current health status.

You should not use zavegepant if you're allergic to the medication or any of its ingredients. Additionally, it's not recommended for children under 18 years old, as safety and effectiveness haven't been established in this age group.

Your doctor will want to discuss your medical history before prescribing zavegepant, particularly if you have:

• Severe kidney disease or liver problems
• A history of severe allergic reactions to medications
• Chronic nasal congestion or frequent nosebleeds
• Recent nasal surgery or injury
• Pregnancy or plans to become pregnant

If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, the safety of zavegepant isn't fully established. Your doctor will weigh the potential benefits against any possible risks before recommending this medication.

Zavegepant Brand Name

Zavegepant is sold under the brand name Zavzpret in the United States. This is currently the only brand name available for this medication, as it's relatively new to the market.

When you pick up your prescription, you'll see "Zavzpret" on the packaging and labeling. The medication comes in a single-use nasal spray device that delivers exactly 10 mg of zavegepant per dose.

Zavegepant Alternatives

If zavegepant doesn't work well for you or causes bothersome side effects, several other acute migraine treatments are available. Your doctor can help you find the best alternative based on your specific needs and medical history.

Other CGRP receptor antagonists include rimegepant (Nurtec) and ubrogepant (Ubrelvy), which are taken as oral tablets rather than nasal sprays. These work similarly to zavegepant but may be better tolerated by people who experience nasal irritation.

Traditional migraine medications that might be alternatives include:

• Triptans like sumatriptan (Imitrex) or rizatriptan (Maxalt)
• NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen, often combined with caffeine
• Combination medications containing acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine
• Anti-nausea medications like metoclopramide when nausea is severe

The choice between these options depends on factors like your heart health, other medications you're taking, and how well you've responded to previous treatments.

Is Zavegepant Better Than Sumatriptan?

Both zavegepant and sumatriptan are effective migraine medications, but they work differently and may be better suited for different people. The "better" choice depends on your individual health profile and treatment response.

Zavegepant offers some advantages over sumatriptan, particularly for people with heart conditions. Unlike sumatriptan, zavegepant doesn't cause blood vessel constriction, making it safer for people with cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, or stroke risk.

Sumatriptan, however, has been available much longer and has extensive research backing its effectiveness. It's available in multiple forms (tablets, injections, nasal sprays) and is generally less expensive than zavegepant.

Here's how they compare in practical terms:

• Speed of action: Sumatriptan injections work fastest, while zavegepant nasal spray and sumatriptan nasal spray work at similar speeds
• Heart safety: Zavegepant is safer for people with heart conditions
• Side effects: Zavegepant typically causes fewer systemic side effects
• Cost: Sumatriptan is usually more affordable, especially in generic form
• Convenience: Both offer nasal spray options for people who can't swallow pills during migraines

Your doctor will consider your medical history, previous treatment responses, and individual risk factors when helping you choose between these medications.