Dementia Shoithichean

Tha dementia soithicheach na theirm coitcheann a tha a’ toirt cunntas air duilgheadasan le reasantachadh, dealbhadh, breithneachadh, cuimhne agus pròiseasan smuainidh eile air adhbhrachadh le milleadh eanchainn bho shruth fala lag don eanchainn agad.

Dh’fhaodadh tu dementia soithicheach a leasachadh às deidh do stròc artery a bhacadh nad eanchainn, ach chan adhbhraich stròcan an-còmhnaidh dementia soithicheach. A rèir dè cho dona sa tha an stròc agus càite a tha e, bidh buaidh aig an stròc air do smuain agus do reasantachadh. Dh’fhaodadh dementia soithicheach tighinn bho chumhaichean eile cuideachd a nì milleadh do shoithichean fala agus a lughdaicheas cuairteachadh, a’ cur dìth ocsaidean agus beathachaidh deatamach air do eanchainn.

Bidh factaran a bhios a’ meudachadh do chunnart tinneasan cridhe agus stròc — a’ gabhail a-steach tinneas an t-siùcair, bruthadh-fala àrd, colesterol àrd agus smocadh — cuideachd a’ meudachadh do chunnart dementia soithicheach. Dh’fhaodadh smachd a chumail air na factaran sin do chothrom dementia soithicheach a leasachadh a lughdachadh.

Tha comharraidhean dèmesa soithicheach ag atharrachadh, a rèir dè an pàirt den eanchainn agad far a bheil sruth fala air a mhilleadh. Bidh comharraidhean gu tric a’ dol thairis air comharraidhean sheòrsaichean eile de dèmesa, gu h-àraidh dèmesa tinneas Alzheimer. Ach, eu-coltach ri tinneas Alzheimer, bidh na comharraidhean as cudromaiche de dèmesa soithicheach gu tric a’ toirt a-steach luaths smuaineadh agus fuasgladh chùisean seach call cuimhne.

Comharran is comharraidhean dèmesa soithicheach a’ toirt a-steach:

• Mearachd
• Trioblaid a bhith a’ pàigheadh aire agus a’ cur fòcas
• Comas lùghdaichte beachdan no gnìomhan a chur air dòigh
• Lùghdachadh ann an comas suidheachadh a sgrùdadh, plana èifeachdach a leasachadh agus am plana sin a cho-roinn ri daoine eile
• Smaoineachadh slaodach
• Trioblaid le rèiteachadh
• Trioblaid a’ co-dhùnadh dè a nì thu an ath rud
• Duilgheadasan le cuimhne
• Neo-shocair agus iomagain
• Coiseachd neo-sheasmhach
• Urghail obann no tric a dhol don t-seòmar-ionnlaid no neo-chomas smachd a chumail air a bhith a’ dol don t-seòmar-ionnlaid
• Dèidheil no neo-chùraim

Dh’fhaodadh gum bi comharraidhean dèmesa soithicheach cho soilleir nuair a thachras iad gu h-obann às deidh stròc. Nuair a tha atharrachaidhean nad smuaineadh agus nad reasabaidh ceangailte gu soilleir ri stròc, canar dèmesa às deidh stròc ris an t-suidheachadh seo uaireannan.

Uaireannan bidh pàtran comharraidhean dèmesa soithicheach a’ leantainn sreath de stròcan no mini-stròcan. Bidh atharrachaidhean nad phròiseasan smuaineachd a’ tachairt ann an ceumannan follaiseach sìos bhon ìre roimhe de dh’obrachadh, eu-coltach ris an tuiteam mean air mhean, seasmhach a tha gu tric a’ tachairt ann an dèmesa tinneas Alzheimer.

Ach faodaidh dèmesa soithicheach leasachadh gu slaodach cuideachd, dìreach mar dèmesa tinneas Alzheimer. A bharrachd air sin, bidh tinneas soithicheach agus tinneas Alzheimer gu tric a’ tachairt còmhla.

Tha sgrùdaidhean a’ sealltainn gu bheil mòran dhaoine le dèmesa agus fianais air tinneas soithicheach eanchainn cuideachd le tinneas Alzheimer.

Tha deamhantais soithicheach a' tighinn bho chumhaichean a tha a' milleadh shoithichean fala do eanchainn, a' lughdachadh an comas solar a thoirt don eanchainn leis na meudan beathachaidh agus ocsaidein a dh'fheumas e gus pròiseasan smuain a dhèanamh gu h-èifeachdach.

Cumhaichean cumanta a dh'fhaodadh leantainn gu deamhantais soithicheach a' gabhail a-steach:

• Stròc (infarction) a' bacadh artery na h-eanchainn. Mar as trice bidh stròcan a bhios a' bacadh artery na h-eanchainn a' toirt air raon de chomharran a dh'fhaodadh a bhith a' gabhail a-steach deamhantais soithicheach. Ach chan eil cuid de stròcan a' toirt air comharran sam bith a bhith follaiseach. Tha na stròcan ciùin sin fhathast a' meudachadh cunnart deamhantais.

Le stròcan ciùin agus follaiseach, bidh cunnart deamhantais soithicheach a' meudachadh leis an àireamh de stròcan a thachras thar ùine. Canar deamhantais ioma-infarct ri aon sheòrsa de dheaghantais soithicheach anns a bheil mòran stròcan.

• Hemorrhage na h-eanchainn. Gu tric air adhbhrachadh le bruthadh-fala àrd a' lagachadh soitheach fala a' leantainn gu fuil a' dol a-steach don eanchainn a' toirt air milleadh no bho bhith a' togail pròtain ann an soithichean fala beaga a tha a' tachairt le aois a' lagachadh iad thar ùine (angiopathy amyloid cerebral)
• Soithichean fala na h-eanchainn a chaidh a chaolachadh no a chaidh milleadh gu maireannach. Faodaidh cumhaichean a tha a' caolachadh no a' toirt milleadh fad-ùine air shoithichean fala na h-eanchainn leantainn gu deamhantais soithicheach cuideachd. Tha na cumhaichean sin a' gabhail a-steach an caitheamh is an deòir co-cheangailte ri aois, bruthadh-fala àrd, aois neo-àbhaisteach shoithichean fala (atherosclerosis), tinneas an t-siùcair

Gu h-iomlan, tha na factaran cunnairt airson dementia shoithiche mar an ceudna ri factaran cunnairt airson tinneas cridhe agus stròc. Tha na factaran cunnairt airson dementia shoithiche a’ toirt a-steach:

• Aois a’ sìor fhàs. Bidh an cunnart agad airson dementia shoithiche a’ sìor fhàs mar a bhios tu a’ fàs nas sine. Tha an eas-òrdugh tearc mus bi thu 65 bliadhna a dh'aois, agus bidh an cunnart a’ sìor fhàs nas motha ron 90an agad.
• Eachdraidh ionnsaighean cridhe, stròcan no ministrocan. Ma tha ionnsaigh cridhe air a bhith ort, dh’fhaodadh gum bi thu aig cunnart nas motha de dhuilgheadasan shoithichean fala nad eanchainn. Dh’fhaodadh an milleadh eanchainn a thachras le stròc no ministroc (ionnsaigh ischemic sealach) an cunnart agad airson dementia a leasachadh a mheudachadh.
• Aiseag neo-àbhaisteach shoithichean fala (atherosclerosis). Tha an suidheachadh seo a’ tachairt nuair a bhios tasgaidhean de cholesterol agus stuthan eile (plaques) a’ togail suas nad arteries agus a’ dèanamh do shoithichean fala nas caol. Dh’fhaodadh atherosclerosis an cunnart agad airson dementia shoithiche a mheudachadh le bhith a’ lughdachadh sruth fala a bhios a’ beathachadh do eanchainn.
• Colesterol àrd. Tha ìrean àrda de lipoprotein ìosal-dlùths (LDL), am cholesterol “olc”, co-cheangailte ri cunnart nas motha de dementia shoithiche.
• Bruthadh-fala àrd. Nuair a tha do bhrùthadh-fala ro àrd, bidh e a’ cur cuideam a bharrachd air shoithichean fala air feadh do bhodhaig, a’ gabhail a-steach do eanchainn. Bidh seo a’ meudachadh an cunnart de dhuilgheadasan shoithichean fala san eanchainn.
• Diabetis. Bidh ìrean àrda glucose a’ milleadh shoithichean fala air feadh do bhodhaig. Dh’fhaodadh milleadh ann an shoithichean fala na h-eanchainn an cunnart agad airson stròc agus dementia shoithiche a mheudachadh.
• Smocadh. Bidh smocadh a’ milleadh do shoithichean fala gu dìreach, a’ meudachadh an cunnart agad airson atherosclerosis agus galairean cuairteachaidh eile, a’ gabhail a-steach dementia shoithiche.
• Reamhrachd. Tha bhith ro throm na fhactar cunnairt aithnichte airson galairean shoithichean gu h-iomlan, agus mar sin, gu cinnteach, bidh e a’ meudachadh an cunnart agad airson dementia shoithiche.
• Fibrillation atrial. Anns an rithim cridhe neo-àbhaisteach seo, bidh na seòmraichean àrda de do chridhe a’ tòiseachadh a’ bualadh gu luath agus gu neo-riaghailteach, a-mach à co-òrdanachadh leis na seòmraichean ìosal de do chridhe. Bidh fibrillation atrial a’ meudachadh an cunnart agad airson stròc leis gu bheil e ag adhbhrachadh gum bi clots fala a’ cruthachadh sa chridhe a dh’fhaodadh briseadh dheth agus a dhol gu soithichean fala na h-eanchainn.

Tha slàinte shoithichean fala na h-eingeil agad ceangailte gu dlùth ri slàinte do chridhe gu h-iomlan. Faodaidh na ceumannan sin a ghabhail gus do chridhe a chumail fallain cuideachd do chunnart de dimentsia soithicheach a lughdachadh:

• Cuir cumail suas air bruthadh-fala fallain. Faodaidh do bhrùthadh-fala a chumail anns an raon àbhaisteach casg a chuir air gach cuid dementiadh soithicheach agus tinneas Alzheimer.
• Casg no smachd a chuir air aillse. Is dòigh eile a th’ ann airson do chunnart de dimentsia a lughdachadh, le daithead is eacarsaich, casg a chur air tòiseachadh air tinneas an t-siùcair seòrsa 2. Ma tha tinneas an t-siùcair agad mu thràth, faodaidh smachd a chuir air na h-ìrean glucose agad do shoithichean fala na h-eingeil a dhìon bho mhilleadh.
• Stad a bhith a’ smocadh. Bidh smocadh tombaca a’ milleadh shoithichean fala air feadh do bhodhaig.
• Faigh eacarsaich corporra. Bu chòir gnìomhachd chorporra cunbhalach a bhith na phàirt chudromach de phlana sunnd gach neach. A bharrachd air a h-uile buannachd eile, faodaidh eacarsaich do chuideachadh le bhith a’ seachnadh dementiadh soithicheach.
• Cuir do cholesterol fo smachd. Faodaidh daithead fallain, ìosal ann an geir agus cungaidhean a’ lughdachadh cholesterol, ma dh’ fheumas tu iad, do chunnart de stròcan is ionnsaighean cridhe a lughdachadh a dh’ fhaodadh leantainn gu dementiadh soithicheach, is dòcha le bhith a’ lughdachadh na tha de thais-bhean a’ togail suas taobh a-staigh arteries na h-eingeil agad.

Dh'urrainn dha dotairean cha mhòr an-còmhnaidh dearbhadh gu bheil deamhan agad, ach chan eil deuchainn shònraichte ann a tha a’ dearbhadh gu bheil deamhan soithicheach agad. Nì an dotair agad breithneachadh a bheil deamhan soithicheach mar an adhbhar as coltaiche de na comharraidhean agad stèidhichte air an fhiosrachadh a bheir thu seachad, do eachdraidh mheidigeach airson stròc no eas-òrdughan cridhe is shoithichean fala, agus toraidhean dheuchainnean a dh’fhaodadh do dhiagnòs a shoilleireachadh.\n\nMa chan eil luachan o chionn ghoirid airson comharran cudromach de shlàinte do chridhe is shoithichean fala anns an clàr-gnothaich meidigeach agad, nì an dotair agad deuchainn air:\n\nDh’fhaodadh e no i cuideachd deuchainnean òrdachadh gus adhbharan eile a dh’fhaodadh a bhith ann airson call cuimhne agus troimh-chèile a thoirmeasg, leithid:\n\nIs dòcha gun dèan an dotair agad sgrùdadh air do shlàinte neurolach iomlan le bhith a’ deuchainn air:\n\nDh’fhaodadh dealbhan de do eanchainn neo-riaghailteachdan follaiseach a tha air adhbhrachadh le stròcan, galairean shoithichean fala, tumhan no trauma a dh’fhaodadh atharrachaidhean ann an smuain agus reasabaidh adhbhrachadh a chomharrachadh. Dh’fhaodadh sgrùdadh dealbh-eòlais eanchainn cuideachadh le do dhotair a bhith a’ cur fòcas air adhbharan nas coltaiche airson na comharraidhean agad agus adhbharan eile a thoirmeasg.\n\nModhan dealbh-eòlais eanchainn a dh’fhaodadh an dotair agad a mholadh gus cuideachadh le bhith a’ dèanamh breithneachaidh air deamhan soithicheach a’ toirt a-steach:\n\nÌomhaigheachd rèisimeachd magnetach (MRI). Bidh Ìomhaigheachd rèisimeachd magnetach (MRI) a’ cleachdadh tonnan rèidio agus raon magnetach làidir gus ìomhaighean mionaideach de do eanchainn a thoirt gu buil. Laigh thu air bòrd caol a shleamhnaicheas a-steach do inneal MRI cruth-tiùba, a nì fuaimean buille làidir fhad ‘s a tha e a’ toirt a-mach ìomhaighean.\n\nTha MRIs gun phian, ach tha cuid de dhaoine a’ faireachdainn claistrophobia taobh a-staigh an inneil agus tha iad air am mì-chofhurtachd leis a’ fhuaim. Mar as trice is e an deuchainn ìomhaigheachd as fheàrr leotha MRI oir faodaidh MRIs barrachd mion-fhiosrachaidh a thoirt seachad na sganaidhean tomografachd coimpiutaireachd (CT) mu stròcan, ministrokes agus neo-riaghailteachdan shoithichean fala agus is e an deuchainn as fheàrr airson deamhan soithicheach a mheasadh.\n\nSgan tomografachd coimpiutaireachd (CT). Airson sgan CT, laighidh tu air bòrd caol a shleamhnaicheas a-steach do sheòmar beag. Bidh gathan-X a’ dol tro do bhodhaig bho cheàrnan eadar-dhealaichte, agus bidh coimpiutair a’ cleachdadh an fhiosrachaidh seo gus ìomhaighean trasdhealaichte mionaideach (srianan) de do eanchainn a chruthachadh.\n\nDh’fhaodadh sgan CT fiosrachadh a thoirt seachad mu structar do eanchainn; innse a bheil gin de na roinnean a’ sealltainn cùmhnant; agus fianais de stròc, ministroke (ionnsaighean ischemic sealach), atharrachadh ann an soithichean fala no tumhair a lorg.\n\nTha an seòrsa sgrùdaidh seo a’ measadh do chomas:\n\nBidh deuchainnean neuro-eòlas-inntinn uaireannan a’ sealltainn toraidhean caractarach dha daoine le diofar sheòrsaichean de deamhan. Dh’fhaodadh gum bi e gu math duilich dha daoine le deamhan soithicheach duilgheadas a sgrùdadh agus fuasgladh èifeachdach a leasachadh.\n\nDh’fhaodadh gum bi e nas lugha coltach gum bi duilgheadas aca a bhith ag ionnsachadh fiosrachadh ùr agus a bhith a’ cuimhneachadh na tha daoine le deamhan air adhbhrachadh le galar Alzheimer mura h-eil na duilgheadasan shoithichean fala aca a’ toirt buaidh air roinnean sònraichte den eanchainn a tha cudromach airson cuimhne. Ach, tha tòrr còmhdach ann gu tric ann an toraidhean deuchainn airson daoine le deamhan soithicheach agus daoine aig a bheil cuideachd atharrachaidhean eanchainn de ghalar Alzheimer.\n\nFhad ‘s a tha mòran fòcas air deamhan Alzheimer a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith air a bhith 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Canar làimhseachadh gu tric ris a’ chùram a thèid a thoirt do na cumhaichean slàinte agus na factaran cunnairt a bhios a’ cur ri deamhantais shoithichean fala.

Dh’fhaodadh gum bi e comasach an ìre a bhios deamhantais shoithichean fala a’ fàs nas miosa a luathachadh, agus dh’fhaodadh e casg a chuir air tuilleadh crìonadh, le bhith a’ cumail smachd air na cumhaichean a tha a’ toirt buaidh air slàinte bunaiteach do chridhe agus do shoithichean fala. A rèir do shuidheachadh fhèin, dh’fhaodadh an dotair agad cungaidhean òrdachadh gus:

• Do bhrùthadh fala a lughdachadh
• Do ìre cholesterol a lughdachadh
• Casg a chuir air do fhuil a bhith a’ cruadhachadh agus do arteries a chumail glan
• Do shiùcar fala a chumail fo smachd ma tha tinneas an t-siùcair ort

Ged nach deach a dhearbhadh gu bheil buaidh aca air cùrsa diment a’ bhàis-shoithich, is dòcha gum molaidh an dotair agad dhut:

• Gabhail pàirt ann an gnìomhachd chorporra cunbhalach
• Biadh fallain ithe
• Feuchainn ri cuideam àbhaisteach a chumail suas
• Gabhail pàirt ann an gnìomhan sòisealta
• Do eanchainn a bhrosnachadh le geamannan, puzailean agus gnìomhan ùra, leithid clas ealain no èisteachd ri ceòl ùr
• Crìoch a chuir air dè cho mòr sa bhios tu ag òl deoch làidir