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Goiter

Taƙaitaccen bayani

Gumburu (GOI-tur) shi ne girma mara kyau na gland na thyroid. Thyroid gland ne kamar kwari wanda yake a ƙasan wuya, ƙasa da ƙwaƙwalwar Adam. Gumburu na iya zama faɗaɗa gland ɗin thyroid gaba ɗaya, ko kuma sakamakon girma mara kyau na ƙwayoyin da ke haifar da ɗaya ko fiye da ƙumburi (nodules) a cikin thyroid. Gumburu na iya zama ba tare da canji a aikin thyroid ba ko kuma tare da ƙaruwa ko raguwar hormones na thyroid.

Alamomi

Yawancin mutanen da ke da goiter ba sa samun alamun ko alamomin sai dai kumburi a tushen wuya. A lokuta da yawa, goiter yana da ƙanƙanta har sai an gano shi ne kawai a lokacin jarrabawar likita ta yau da kullun ko gwajin hoto na wata matsala.

Sauran alamomi ko alamomin sun dogara ne akan ko aikin thyroid ya canja, yadda goiter ke girma da sauri da ko yana toshe numfashi.

Dalilai

Yadda Glanda na Thyroid ke Aiki

Hormones guda biyu da gland na thyroid ke samarwa sune thyroxine (T-4) da triiodothyronine (T-3). Idan thyroid ya saki thyroxine (T-4) da triiodothyronine (T-3) a cikin jini, suna taka rawa a ayyuka da yawa a jiki, ciki har da kula da:

  • Canza abinci zuwa makamashi (metabolism)
  • Zazzabin jiki
  • Bugawar zuciya
  • Jinin jiki
  • Wasu hulɗar hormones
  • Tsawon lokaci a lokacin yaranci

Gland na thyroid kuma yana samar da calcitonin, hormone wanda ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa yawan calcium a cikin jini.

Abubuwan haɗari

Kowa na iya kamuwa da ciwon gwaiduwa. Yana iya kasancewa tun daga haihuwa ko kuma ya bayyana a kowane lokaci na rayuwa. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon gwaiduwa sun hada da:

  • Rashin iodine a abinci. Iodine yana samuwa musamman a ruwan teku da kuma a kasa a yankunan bakin teku. A kasashen da ke tasowa musamman, mutanen da ba su da isasshen iodine a abincinsu ko kuma damar samun abinci mai iodine suna cikin haɗari. Wannan abu ne da ba a saba gani ba a Amurka.
  • Kasancewa mace. Mata suna da yiwuwar kamuwa da ciwon gwaiduwa ko wasu cututtukan thyroid.
  • Lokacin daukar ciki da kuma lokacin tsayin al'ada. Matsalolin thyroid a mata suna da yiwuwar faruwa a lokacin daukar ciki da kuma lokacin tsayin al'ada.
  • Shekaru. Ciwon gwaiduwa ya fi yawa bayan shekaru 40.
  • Tarihin cututtukan iyali. Tarihin cututtukan iyali na ciwon gwaiduwa ko wasu cututtukan thyroid yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon gwaiduwa. Haka kuma, masu bincike sun gano wasu abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyin halitta wadanda zasu iya haifar da haɗari.
  • Magunguna. Wasu magunguna, ciki har da maganin zuciya amiodarone (Pacerone) da kuma maganin kwakwalwa lithium (Lithobid), suna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon gwaiduwa.
  • Tatsuniyar hasken rana. Haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon gwaiduwa yana ƙaruwa idan an yi maganin hasken rana a yankin wuya ko kuma kirji.
Matsaloli

Glaucoma da kanta ba ta da matsala. Bayyanarta na iya zama matsala ko kunya ga wasu mutane. Babban glaucoma na iya toshe hanyar numfashi da akwatin murya.

Sauye-sauye a samar da homonin thyroid wanda zai iya haɗuwa da glaucoma suna da yuwuwar haifar da matsaloli a cikin tsarin jiki da yawa.

Gano asali

A sau da yawa ana gano goiter yayin gwajin lafiya na yau da kullun. Ta hanyar taɓa wuya, mai ba da kulawar lafiyar ku na iya gano ƙaruwar thyroid, ƙwayar ƙwayar ko ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi da yawa. Wasu lokutan ana samun goiter lokacin da ake yin gwajin hoto don wata matsala.

Ana yin wasu gwaje-gwaje don yin abubuwan da ke ƙasa:

Gwaje-gwajen na iya haɗawa da:

  • Auna girman thyroid

  • Gano duk wata ƙwayar

  • Tantance ko thyroid na iya zama mai aiki sosai ko rashin aiki

  • Sanin dalilin goiter

  • Gwajin aikin thyroid. Ana iya amfani da samfurin jini don auna yawan hormone mai motsa thyroid (TSH) da gland na pituitary ke samarwa da kuma yawan thyroxine (T-4) da triiodothyronine (T-3) da thyroid ke samarwa. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna ko goiter yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwa ko raguwar aikin thyroid.

  • Gwajin antibody. Dangane da sakamakon gwajin aikin thyroid, mai ba da kulawar lafiyar ku na iya yin umarnin gwajin jini don gano antibody da ke da alaƙa da rashin lafiyar autoimmune, kamar cutar Hashimoto ko cutar Graves.

  • Ultrasonography. Ultrasonography yana amfani da sauti don ƙirƙirar hoton kwamfuta na tsokoki a wuyanku. Ma'aikacin yana amfani da na'urar kama da sandar (transducer) akan wuyanku don yin gwajin. Wannan dabarar hoton na iya bayyana girman gland ɗin thyroid ɗinku da gano nodules.

  • Rikitar da iodine mai radiyoaktif. Idan mai ba da kulawar lafiyar ku ya ba da umarnin wannan gwajin, za a ba ku ƙaramin iodine mai radiyoaktif. Ta amfani da na'urar bincike ta musamman, ma'aikaci na iya auna yawa da yawan saurin da thyroid ɗinku ke ɗauka. Ana iya haɗa wannan gwajin tare da binciken iodine mai radiyoaktif don nuna hoton gani na tsarin ɗauka. Sakamakon na iya taimakawa wajen tantance aiki da dalilin goiter.

  • Biopsy. Yayin biopsy na allurar ƙananan allura, ana amfani da ultrasound don jagorantar ƙaramin allura zuwa thyroid ɗinku don samun samfurin nama ko ruwa daga nodules. Ana gwada samfuran don samun kwayoyin cutar kansa.

Jiyya

Maganin gumburin thyroid ya dogara da girman gumburin, alamunka da kuma matsalolin lafiya, da kuma dalilin da ya faru. Idan gumburin ka yana ƙanƙanta kuma aikin thyroid ɗinka yana lafiya, mai ba ka shawara kan lafiya na iya ba da shawarar jira-da-ganewa tare da bincike na yau da kullun.

Magunguna don gumburin thyroid na iya haɗawa da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan:

Za ka iya buƙatar tiyata don cire duk ko wani ɓangare na gland ɗin thyroid ɗinka (cikakken ko ɓangaren thyroidectomy) ana iya amfani da shi don magance gumburin tare da rikitarwa masu zuwa:

Za ka iya buƙatar ɗaukar maye gurbin hormone na thyroid, dangane da yawan thyroid da aka cire.

Iodine mai radiyo shine magani ga gland ɗin thyroid mai aiki sosai. Ana ɗaukar iodine mai radiyo ta baki. Thyroid ɗin yana ɗaukar iodine mai radiyo, wanda ke lalata ƙwayoyin a cikin thyroid. Maganin yana rage ko kawar da samar da hormone kuma na iya rage girman gumburin.

Kamar tiyata, za ka iya buƙatar ɗaukar maye gurbin hormone na thyroid don kiyaye matakan hormones masu dacewa.

  • Don ƙara samar da hormone. Ana magance rashin aikin thyroid tare da maye gurbin hormone na thyroid. Magungunan levothyroxine (Levoxyl, Thyquidity, wasu) yana maye gurbin T-4 kuma yana haifar da gland ɗin pituitary yana sakin TSH kaɗan. Ana iya rubuta maganin liothyronine (Cytomel) a matsayin maye gurbin T-3. Waɗannan magungunan na iya rage girman gumburin.

  • Don rage samar da hormone. Ana iya magance thyroid mai aiki sosai tare da maganin anti-thyroid wanda ke hana samar da hormone. Mafi yawan maganin da ake amfani da shi, methimazole (Tapazole), na iya rage girman gumburin.

  • Don toshe ayyukan hormone. Mai ba ka shawara kan lafiya na iya rubuta magani da ake kira beta blocker don sarrafa alamun hyperthyroidism. Waɗannan magungunan — gami da atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor) da wasu — na iya hana yawan hormones na thyroid da rage alamun.

  • Don sarrafa ciwo. Idan kumburi na thyroid ya haifar da ciwo, yawanci ana magance shi da aspirin, naproxen sodium (Aleve), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, wasu) ko magungunan rage ciwo masu alaƙa. Ana iya magance ciwon da ya yi tsanani da steroid.

  • Wahalar numfashi ko haɗiye

  • Kumburi na thyroid wanda ke haifar da hyperthyroidism

  • Ciwon daji na thyroid

Kulawa da kai

Jikinka yana samun iodine daga abincinka. Yawan da aka bada shawara a kowace rana shine micrograms 150. Karamin cokali na gishirin iodine yana dauke da kimanin micrograms 250 na iodine.

Abincin da ke dauke da iodine sun hada da:

Yawancin mutane a Amurka suna samun isasshen iodine a cikin abinci mai kyau. Koyaya, yawan iodine a cikin abinci na iya haifar da rashin aikin thyroid.

  • Kifi da kaguwa na ruwan gishiri
  • Alga
  • Kayayyakin madara
  • Kayayyakin soya

Adireshin: 506/507, 1st Main Rd, Murugeshpalya, K R Garden, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560075

Sanarwa: Agusta dandamali ne na bayanan kiwon lafiya kuma amsoshinsa ba su ƙunshi shawarar likita ba. Tabbatar da tuntuɓar ƙwararren likita mai lasisi kusa da ku kafin yin kowane canji.

An yi shi a Indiya, don duniya