Ƙarfin Gwiwa

Ciwon gwiwa kowa na iya samu, yana shafar mutane a kowane zamani. Ciwon gwiwa na iya zama sakamakon rauni, kamar fashewar ligament ko ɓacin ƙashi. Cututtuka — ciki har da arthritis, gout da kuma kamuwa da cuta — suma na iya haifar da ciwon gwiwa.

Akwai nau'ikan ciwon gwiwa masu sauƙi da yawa waɗanda ke amsa da kyau ga hanyoyin kula da kai. Jiyya ta hanyar motsa jiki da kuma amfani da gwiwar gwiwa suma na iya taimakawa wajen rage ciwo. Amma a wasu lokuta, gwiwar ka na iya buƙatar gyara ta hanyar tiyata.

Za a iya bambanta wurin da tsananin ciwon gwiwa, dangane da abin da ke haifar da matsalar. Alamomi da bayyanar cututtuka da wasu lokutan ke tare da ciwon gwiwa sun hada da: Kumburi da rigar Ja da zafi idan aka taɓa Rashin ƙarfi ko rashin ƙarfi Sautin ko hayakiyar ƙara Rashin iya gyara gwiwa gaba ɗaya Kira likitanku idan: Ba za ku iya ɗaukar nauyi a kan gwiwarku ba ko kuma ku ji kamar gwiwarku ba ta da ƙarfi ko kuma ta yi ƙasa Kumburi gwiwa sosai Ba za ku iya miƙa ko lanƙwasa gwiwarku gaba ɗaya ba Kun ga nakasu a bayyane a ƙafarku ko gwiwarku Kun kamu da zazzabi, ban da ja, ciwo da kumburi a gwiwarku Kun ji ƙarfin ciwon gwiwa wanda ke tare da rauni

Tu kira likitanka idan kana da:

• Ba za ka iya ɗaukar nauyi a kan gwiwarkanka ba ko kuma kana jin kamar gwiwarkanka ba ta da ƙarfi ko kuma ta yi kasa
• Kumburi gwiwa sosai
• Ba za ka iya miƙa ko karkatar da gwiwarkanka ba sosai
• Ka ga nakasu a bayyane a kafafarka ko gwiwarkanka
• Kana da zazzabi, ban da ja, ciwo da kumburi a gwiwarkanka
• Kana da matsanancin ciwon gwiwa wanda ya shafi rauni

Ciwon gwiwa na iya samunsa ne ta hanyar raunuka, matsalolin injiniya, nau'ikan cututtukan kumburin haɗin gwiwa da sauran matsalolin.

Ligament na gaba (ACL) daya ne daga cikin manyan ligaments din da ke taimakawa wajen tabbatar da haɗin gwiwar gwiwa. ACL yana haɗa ƙashin cinyar (femur) zuwa ƙashin ƙafa (tibia). Ana yawan samunsa a wasannin motsa jiki da ke buƙatar tsayawa ba zato ba tsammani da canza hanya - kamar ƙwallon kwando, ƙwallon ƙafa, wasan tennis da ƙwallon volleyball.

Meniscus ɗin wani yanki ne mai siffar C, mai ƙarfi, mai laushi kamar roba wanda ke aiki azaman mai ɗaukar girgiza tsakanin ƙashin ƙafa da ƙashin cinyar. Zai iya fashewa idan ka juya gwiwarku ba zato ba tsammani yayin ɗaukar nauyi a kai.

Raunin gwiwa na iya shafar duk wani ligament, tendons ko jakunkuna masu cike da ruwa (bursae) da ke kewaye da haɗin gwiwarku da kuma ƙashi, ƙashi da ligaments da ke samar da haɗin gwiwar kanta. Wasu daga cikin raunukan gwiwa da aka fi sani da su sun hada da:

• Raunin ACL. Raunin ACL shine fashewar ligament na gaba (ACL) - daya daga cikin ligaments hudu da ke haɗa ƙashin ƙafarku zuwa ƙashin cinya. Raunin ACL ya fi yawa a mutanen da ke wasan ƙwallon kwando, ƙwallon ƙafa ko wasannin motsa jiki da ke buƙatar canza hanya ba zato ba tsammani.
• Fashewar ƙashi. Kwayoyin gwiwa, gami da kashin gwiwa (patella), na iya fashewa yayin faɗuwa ko haɗari na mota. Haka kuma, mutanen da kashinsu ya yi rauni saboda osteoporosis na iya samun fashewar gwiwa ta hanyar matsa ƙafa ba daidai ba.
• Fashewar meniscus. Meniscus shine ƙashi mai ƙarfi, mai laushi kamar roba wanda ke aiki azaman mai ɗaukar girgiza tsakanin ƙashin ƙafarku da ƙashin cinya. Zai iya fashewa idan ka juya gwiwarku ba zato ba tsammani yayin ɗaukar nauyi a kai.
• Kumburin gwiwa. Wasu raunukan gwiwa suna haifar da kumburi a cikin bursae, ƙananan jakunkuna masu ruwa waɗanda ke ɗaukar nauyin wajen haɗin gwiwarku don tendons da ligaments su iya motsawa cikin sauƙi a kan haɗin gwiwar.
• Kumburin patellar tendinitis. Tendinitis yana haifar da damuwa da kumburi na daya ko fiye da tendons - masu kauri, masu kauri, masu haɗa tsoka zuwa ƙashi. Wannan kumburi na iya faruwa lokacin da akwai rauni ga patellar tendon, wanda ke gudana daga kashin gwiwa (patella) zuwa ƙashin ƙafa kuma yana ba ka damar bugawa, gudu da tsalle. Masu gudu, masu tsere, masu hawa keke, da waɗanda ke cikin wasannin tsalle da ayyuka na iya samun patellar tendinitis.

Wasu misalan matsalolin injiniya da ke iya haifar da ciwon gwiwa sun hada da:

• Jikin da bai da wuri. Wani lokaci rauni ko lalacewar ƙashi ko ƙashi na iya haifar da ɓangaren ƙashi ko ƙashi ya karye ya yi iyo a sararin haɗin gwiwa. Wannan bazai haifar da matsala ba sai dai idan jikin da bai da wuri ya hana motsi na haɗin gwiwar gwiwa, a wannan yanayin tasirin yana kama da fensir da aka kama a cikin ƙofar ƙofa.
• Iliotibial band syndrome. Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da kaset ɗin nama mai ƙarfi wanda ke daga wajen kwatangwanku zuwa wajen gwiwarku (iliotibial band) ya yi ƙarfi sosai har ya shafi wajen ƙashin cinya. Masu gudu na nesa da masu hawa keke musamman suna da haɗarin iliotibial band syndrome.
• Fitar da kashin gwiwa. Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da ƙashin triangular da ke rufe gaban gwiwarku (patella) ya fita daga wurinsa, yawanci zuwa wajen gwiwarku. A wasu lokuta, kashin gwiwa na iya ci gaba da zama a waje kuma za ku iya ganin fitar da shi.
• Ciwon kwatangwanku ko ƙafa. Idan kuna da ciwon kwatangwanku ko ƙafa, kuna iya canza yadda kuke tafiya don kare haɗin gwiwar da ke ciwo. Amma wannan hanyar tafiya da aka canza na iya sa haɗin gwiwar gwiwarku ta yi ƙarfi kuma ta haifar da ciwon gwiwa.

Akwai sama da nau'ikan cututtukan kumburin haɗin gwiwa 100. Nau'o'in da suka fi yiwuwa su shafi gwiwa sun hada da:

• Osteoarthritis. Wani lokaci ana kiransa degenerative arthritis, osteoarthritis shine nau'in cututtukan kumburin haɗin gwiwa mafi yawa. Yanayin lalacewa ne wanda ke faruwa lokacin da ƙashi a cikin gwiwarku ya lalace tare da amfani da shekaru.
• Rheumatoid arthritis. Nau'in cututtukan kumburin haɗin gwiwa mafi muni, rheumatoid arthritis yanayin cututtukan autoimmune ne wanda ke iya shafar kusan kowane haɗin gwiwa a jikinku, gami da gwiwoyinku. Ko da yake rheumatoid arthritis cuta ce ta kullum, tana da bambanci a tsanani kuma har ma na iya zuwa da tafiya.
• Gout. Wannan nau'in cututtukan kumburin haɗin gwiwa yana faruwa ne lokacin da kristalin uric acid ya taru a cikin haɗin gwiwa. Ko da yake gout yawanci yana shafar babban yatsan ƙafa, kuma na iya faruwa a gwiwa.
• Pseudogout. Sau da yawa ana kuskure shi da gout, pseudogout yana faruwa ne ta hanyar kristalin da ke dauke da calcium wanda ke haɓaka a cikin ruwan haɗin gwiwa. Gwiwoyi sune haɗin gwiwa mafi yawa da pseudogout ke shafa.
• Septic arthritis. Wani lokaci haɗin gwiwar gwiwarku na iya kamuwa da cuta, wanda ke haifar da kumburi, ciwo da ja. Septic arthritis sau da yawa yana faruwa tare da zazzabi, kuma yawanci babu rauni kafin ciwon ya fara. Septic arthritis na iya haifar da lalacewar ƙashin gwiwa cikin sauri. Idan kuna da ciwon gwiwa tare da duk wani alamar septic arthritis, ku ga likitanku nan da nan.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome kalma ce ta gama gari da ke nufin ciwo tsakanin kashin gwiwa da ƙashin cinyar da ke ƙasa. Yana da yawa a cikin 'yan wasa; a cikin manyan matasa, musamman waɗanda kashin gwiwarsu bai dace daidai ba a cikin raminsa; da kuma a cikin tsofaffi, waɗanda yawanci ke samun wannan yanayin sakamakon kumburin kashin gwiwa.

Akwai abubuwa da dama da zasu iya ƙara yiwuwar samun matsaloli a gwiwa, sun haɗa da:

• Nauyin jiki mai yawa. Yin kiba ko ƙiba yana ƙara damuwa ga gwiwoyin ku, har ma a lokacin ayyukan yau da kullun kamar tafiya ko hawa sama da sauka. Hakanan yana ƙara yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar osteoarthritis ta hanyar hanzarta lalacewar guringuntsi na haɗin gwiwa.
• Rashin sassaucin tsoka ko ƙarfi. Rashin ƙarfi da sassauci na iya ƙara yiwuwar samun raunuka a gwiwa. Tsokoki masu ƙarfi suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da haɗin gwiwa da kare su, kuma sassaucin tsoka na iya taimaka muku cimma cikakken motsi.
• Wasu wasanni ko sana'o'i. Wasu wasanni suna ƙara damuwa ga gwiwoyinku fiye da wasu. Skiing na Alpine tare da takalmin ski mai ƙarfi da yiwuwar faɗuwa, tsalle-tsalle da juyawa a ƙwallon kwando, da kuma bugun da gwiwoyinku ke yi a lokacin gudu ko tafiya duk suna ƙara yiwuwar samun rauni a gwiwa. Ayyuka da ke buƙatar damuwa mai maimaitawa a gwiwoyi kamar gini ko noma suma na iya ƙara yiwuwar hakan.
• Raunin da ya gabata. Samun rauni a gwiwa a baya yana sa ya fi sauƙi a samu rauni a gwiwa a sake.

Ba duk ciwon gwiwa ba ne mai tsanani. Amma wasu raunuka da cututtukan gwiwa, kamar su osteoarthritis, na iya haifar da ciwon da ke ƙaruwa, lalacewar haɗin gwiwa da nakasa idan ba a yi magani ba. Kuma samun raunin gwiwa - ko da ƙarami - yana sa ya fi yuwuwar samun irin waɗannan raunuka a nan gaba.

Duk da yake ba koyaushe za a iya hana ciwon gwiwa ba, waɗannan shawarwarin masu zuwa na iya taimakawa wajen hana raunuka da lalacewar haɗin gwiwa:

• Rike nauyi mai yawa. Kiyaye nauyi mai kyau; ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa mafi kyau da za ku iya yi wa gwiwoyinku. Kowane fam ɗin da ya wuce yana ƙara damuwa ga haɗin gwiwoyinku, yana ƙara haɗarin raunuka da osteoarthritis.
• Ku kasance cikin shiri don yin wasannin ku. Don shirya tsokokinku don buƙatun shiga wasanni, ɗauki lokaci don horarwa.
• Yi aiki daidai. Tabbatar da dabarar da tsarin motsin da kuke amfani da su a cikin wasannin ku ko ayyukanku sune mafi kyau da za su iya zama. Darussan daga ƙwararre na iya zama da amfani sosai.
• Ku karɓi ƙarfi, ku kasance masu sassauƙa. Tsokoki masu rauni babban dalili ne na raunukan gwiwa. Za ku amfana daga gina quadriceps da hamstrings ɗinku, tsokoki a gaba da baya na cinyoyinku waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen tallafawa gwiwoyinku. Horar da daidaito da ƙarfi yana taimakawa tsokoki a kusa da gwiwoyinku su yi aiki tare yadda ya kamata. Kuma saboda tsokoki masu matsewa kuma na iya haifar da rauni, yin shimfiɗa yana da mahimmanci. Gwada haɗa ayyukan sassauƙa a cikin motsa jikinku.
• Ku kasance masu wayo game da motsa jiki. Idan kuna da osteoarthritis, ciwon gwiwa na kullum ko raunuka masu maimaitawa, kuna iya buƙatar canza yadda kuke motsa jiki. Yi la'akari da canzawa zuwa iyo, motsa jiki a cikin ruwa ko wasu ayyuka masu ƙarancin tasiri - aƙalla na 'yan kwanaki a mako. Wasu lokuta kawai iyakance ayyukan da ke da tasiri mai yawa zai ba da sauƙi. Ku karɓi ƙarfi, ku kasance masu sassauƙa. Tsokoki masu rauni babban dalili ne na raunukan gwiwa. Za ku amfana daga gina quadriceps da hamstrings ɗinku, tsokoki a gaba da baya na cinyoyinku waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen tallafawa gwiwoyinku. Horar da daidaito da ƙarfi yana taimakawa tsokoki a kusa da gwiwoyinku su yi aiki tare yadda ya kamata. Kuma saboda tsokoki masu matsewa kuma na iya haifar da rauni, yin shimfiɗa yana da mahimmanci. Gwada haɗa ayyukan sassauƙa a cikin motsa jikinku.

Yayin gwajin lafiyar jiki, likitanku zai iya:

• Duba gwiwarku don kumburi, ciwo, rauni, zafi da tabo da ke bayyana
• Duba nisa da za ku iya motsa ƙafar ƙafafunku a hanyoyi daban-daban
• Tura ko ja haɗin gwiwa don tantance ingancin tsarin da ke cikin gwiwarku

A wasu lokuta, likitanku na iya ba da shawarar gwaje-gwaje kamar haka:

• X-ray. Likitanku na iya ba da shawarar yin X-ray a farkon, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen gano fashewar ƙashi da cututtukan haɗin gwiwa masu lalacewa.
• Jarrabawar kwamfuta (CT scan). Ma'aunin CT suna haɗa X-rays da aka ɗauka daga kusurwoyi da yawa daban-daban don ƙirƙirar hotunan yanki na ciki na jikinku. Jarrabawar CT na iya taimakawa wajen gano matsalolin ƙashi da ƙananan fashewa. Irin wannan jarrabawar CT na iya gano cutar gout daidai ko da haɗin gwiwa ba ya kumbura.
• Sauti (Ultrasound). Wannan fasaha tana amfani da igiyoyin sauti don samar da hotunan ainihin lokaci na tsarin nama mai laushi a cikin da kuma kusa da gwiwarku. Likitanku na iya son motsa gwiwarku zuwa matsayi daban-daban yayin gwajin sauti don bincika matsaloli na musamman.
• Hoton maganadisu (MRI). MRI yana amfani da igiyoyin rediyo da ƙarfin ƙarfi don ƙirƙirar hotunan 3D na ciki na gwiwarku. Wannan gwajin yana da amfani musamman wajen bayyana raunuka ga nama mai laushi kamar su ligaments, tendons, cartilage da tsokoki.

Idan likitanku ya yi zargin kamuwa da cuta ko kumburi, kuna iya yin gwajin jini kuma a wasu lokuta hanya da ake kira arthrocentesis, inda ake cire ƙaramin ruwa daga cikin haɗin gwiwar gwiwarku da allura kuma a aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike.

Treating Knee Pain: A Guide

Knee pain can have many causes, and treatment depends on the specific problem. Your doctor will work with you to determine the best approach.

Medications: Your doctor might prescribe pain relievers and medications to treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or gout, which can cause knee pain.

Therapy: Strengthening the muscles around your knee is crucial for stability. Physical therapy and exercises tailored to your specific knee problem can help. If you're involved in sports or physical activity, exercises will help correct any movement issues affecting your knees and improve your technique. Improving flexibility and balance is also important. Supports like arch supports, sometimes with heel wedges, can help shift pressure away from the affected area. Braces can also help support and protect the knee joint.

Injections: Sometimes, a doctor might inject medication directly into the knee joint.

• Corticosteroids: These reduce inflammation and pain from arthritis flare-ups, potentially for several months. However, they aren't effective for everyone.
• Hyaluronic acid: This fluid, similar to the natural joint lubricant, can improve joint movement and reduce pain. While results are sometimes mixed, relief can last for up to six months.
• Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): PRP contains growth factors that may reduce inflammation and promote healing. Studies suggest PRP can help some people with osteoarthritis, but more research is needed.

Surgery: Surgery isn't always necessary, especially for knee injuries. A doctor will carefully consider the benefits and drawbacks of surgery and nonsurgical rehabilitation options, and what's important to you. Surgery options include:

• Arthroscopy: A small camera and tools are used through small incisions to examine and repair joint damage. This is useful for removing loose pieces, fixing cartilage damage (especially if it's causing the knee to lock), and repairing torn ligaments.
• Partial knee replacement: Only the damaged parts of the knee are replaced with metal and plastic. This often leads to a quicker recovery than a full knee replacement.
• Total knee replacement: Damaged bone and cartilage from the thighbone, shinbone, and kneecap are removed and replaced with an artificial joint made from metal, plastic, and polymers.
• Osteotomy: Bone is removed from the thighbone or shinbone to realign the knee and reduce arthritis pain. This surgery may help delay or avoid a full knee replacement.

Important Note: Always consult with your doctor to determine the best course of treatment for your specific knee pain.